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Shoulder

Shoulder conditions and the operations that treat them, grouped by theme — each diagnosis sits beside its treatment so you can read the two together. Start with the group that matches the name you have been given, or the one that sounds like your symptoms.

Understanding your shoulder

आपका कंधा कैसे काम करता है Shoulder anatomy overview – bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus) and how they enable wide range of motion. Open → कंधे की आर्थ्रोस्कोपी What shoulder arthroscopy is, what it's used for, and how to prepare and recover. Open →

Rotator cuff & impingement

रोटेटर कफ विकार Rotator cuff disorders: common causes of shoulder pain, ranging from mild ache to debilitating injury. Open → सबाक्रोमियल इम्पैंगमेंट और बर्सिटिस Subacromial impingement — causes of shoulder pain with overhead activity, diagnosis, and treatment options. Open → कैल्सिफिक टेंडिनिटिस Calcific tendinitis causes shoulder pain from calcium deposits; treatment ranges from observation to washing out the calcium. Open → कफ गठिया Rotator cuff arthropathy: shoulder arthritis following a long-standing, massive rotator cuff tear and its impact on function. Open → अक्रोमियल Patient-facing topic on os acromiale — failed fusion of an acromial ossification centre that may cause shoulder pain and contribute to subacromial impingement. Open → रोटेटर कफ की मरम्मत Rotator cuff repair reattaches torn tendons to bone, improving pain and function when conservative treatment fails. Open → संशोधन रोटेटर कफ की मरम्मत Open → सुबक्रोमियल डिकम्प्रेशन Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for impingement and bursitis — operation and recovery. Open → सिलाई एंकर और कैसे मरम्मत हड्डी को पकड़ा जाता है Open → EnFix जैविक मचान Open →

Instability, labrum & biceps

कंधे की अस्थिरता Shoulder instability — understanding the feeling of looseness, causes, and treatment options. Open → कंधे पर क्लिक, पॉपिंग और अस्थिरता Why a shoulder clicks, pops or feels like it slips — from harmless noises to labral tears and instability — what it means, and when it needs attention. Open → स्लैप और बाइसेप्स पैथोलॉजी Superior labral (SLAP) tears and disorders of the long head of biceps — assessment and treatment. Open → बाइसेप्स टेंडिनोपैथी और लॉन्ग-हेड रप्टर Front-of-shoulder biceps tendon pain and the "Popeye" long-head rupture — and why the rupture usually needs no surgery. Open → पिछला कंधा स्थिरीकरण Arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability — distinct from open Latarjet. Open → पिछला कंधा स्थिरीकरण Open → लेटरजेट प्रक्रिया Latarjet procedure — bone block transfer for recurrent shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Open → बाइसेप्स टेनोडेसिस Biceps tenodesis and tenotomy — when, where (suprapectoral vs subpectoral) and what to expect afterwards. Open →

Arthritis & shoulder replacement

कंधे का गठिया Shoulder arthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion — diagnosis and treatment options explored. Open → व्यापक आर्थ्रोस्कोपिक प्रबंधन (सीएएम) The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure — a joint-preserving arthroscopic alternative to arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, combining debridement, capsular release, osteophyte excision, microfracture, loose-body removal and axillary nerve neurolysis. Open → कुल कंधे की आर्थ्रोप्लास्टी Total shoulder replacement for severe arthritis — stemless options if rotator cuff is intact. Open → रिवर्स शोल्डर आर्थ्रोप्लास्टी Reverse shoulder replacement for severe rotator cuff tears and arthritis—when a traditional replacement isn’t ideal. Open → संशोधन कंधा प्रतिस्थापन Revision shoulder replacement — addressing failure of prior shoulder replacements with a reverse design. Open →

Fractures & trauma

कुंडली फ्रैक्चर Clavicle fractures — when conservative management is fine and when fixation is indicated. Open → निकटवर्ती ह्यूमरस फ्रैक्चर Proximal humerus fractures — Neer classification, sling management, and surgical options. Open → पेक्टोरलिस मेजर रप्टर A chest-muscle tear, classically during a heavy bench press — how to recognise it and why complete tears are usually repaired early. Open → पेक्टोरलिस मेजर रिपेयर Open → क्लैविकल फ्रैक्चर फिक्सेशन Clavicle fixation (ORIF) — restoring alignment and stability for displaced clavicle fractures. Open → निकटवर्ती ह्यूमरस फ्रैक्चर ओआरआईएफ (प्लेट और नाखून निर्धारण) Open → तीव्र निकटवर्ती ह्यूमरस फ्रैक्चर के लिए कंधे की आर्थ्रोप्लास्टी Open →

Collarbone & AC joint

एक्रोमियोक्लेविकुलर संयुक्त चोट (कंधे का पृथक्करण) A shoulder separation from a fall on the point of the shoulder — grading, the bump that may remain, and when surgery is needed. Open → एसी संयुक्त ऑस्टियोआर्थराइटिस AC joint osteoarthritis causes localized shoulder pain with cross-body movements; treatment ranges from activity modification to surgery. Open → डिस्टल क्लैविकल ऑस्टियोलिसिस Open → स्टर्नोक्लाविकुलर संयुक्त विकार Problems where the collarbone meets the breastbone — arthritis, instability and the rare but serious posterior dislocation — and how each is managed. Open → एसी संयुक्त स्थिरीकरण Surgical reconstruction for high-grade AC joint dislocation (Rockwood III-VI). Open → डिस्टल क्लैविकल एक्सिसिशन (मम्फोर्ड प्रक्रिया) A Mumford procedure (distal clavicle excision) removes the small worn outer tip of the collarbone to ease shoulder pain at the AC joint. What the keyhole operation involves and what recovery looks like. Open →

Frozen shoulder & stiffness

जमे हुए कंधे Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes pain and stiffness, progressing through freezing, frozen, and thawing phases. Open → जमे हुए कंधे के लिए कैप्सूलर रिलीज Arthroscopic capsular release frees a stiff shoulder (frozen shoulder) when physiotherapy and injections fail. Open →

Nerve problems

सुपरस्केप्युलर न्यूरोपैथी Open → सुपरस्केप्युलर तंत्रिका अवशोषण Open → थॉरेसिक आउटलेट सिंड्रोम Compression of the nerves and vessels at the base of the neck — the types, why diagnosis is tricky, and physio-first treatment. Open →

Recovery and rehabilitation

अपने घाव की देखभाल Dressings, showering, and signs of infection after upper-limb surgery. Open → अपने निशान की देखभाल Massage, silicone, sun protection and the 12-month timeline for surgical scars to soften and fade. Open → आपके ऑपरेशन का दिन What to expect on the day of day-case upper-limb surgery, from arrival and meeting the team to waking up and going home. Open → आपके कंधे की तंत्रिका अवरुद्ध The nerve block we use for shoulder surgery — how it numbs your arm, why it controls pain so well, and what to expect as it wears off. Open → आपके घाव की जाँच और टांके हटाने What happens at the post-op wound check, dissolvable vs removable stitches, what removal feels like, and when to seek help sooner. Open → आर्मस्लिंग पहनना और सोना How to sleep in an arm sling, get the sling position right, and look after it after shoulder, elbow or wrist surgery, including whether to keep the sling on overnight. Open → उपचार के लिए अच्छा खाना Everyday food to support recovery after surgery — protein, energy, healing vitamins, and preventing constipation. Open → कंधे और हाथ की सर्जरी के बाद गाड़ी चलाना: यह कब सुरक्षित और कानूनी है? After most shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair, you usually cannot drive for about six weeks, and not while your arm is in a sling. When it is safe and legal to get back to the wheel after hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder surgery. Open → कंधे की सर्जरी के बाद दैनिक जीवन Washing, dressing, sleeping and managing day-to-day with the operated arm in a sling after shoulder surgery. Open → कंधे की सर्जरी के बाद मेलाटोनिन Why we prescribe melatonin after shoulder surgery, what the trial evidence shows, the dose we use, and what to expect from it. Open → काम पर लौटना When you can return to desk, light, and heavy work after upper-limb surgery. Open → क्या मेरा घाव संक्रमित है? How to tell normal healing from a wound infection after surgery — the warning signs and when to seek help. Open → खेल में वापसी Phased return to sport after upper-limb surgery, and when contact sport is safe again. Open → गर्मी बनाम बर्फ When ice helps, when heat helps, and how to use either safely on the upper limb. Open → घर पर कास्ट और स्प्लिंट की देखभाल Looking after a plaster or splint at home — keeping it dry, elevation, keeping joints moving, and the urgent signs of a too-tight cast. Open → घर पर रक्त के थक्कों को रोकना Reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after upper-limb surgery — mobilisation, hydration, medication. Open → नींद, दर्द और वसूली How sleep and pain affect each other, why surgery and shoulder problems disturb sleep, and what helps you rest and recover. Open → मन, तनाव और वसूली How stress, low mood, anxiety and worry about pain affect recovery and surgical outcomes — and what helps. Open → सर्जरी की तैयारी General checklist for the days before upper-limb surgery — fasting, what to bring, medications. Open → सर्जरी के आसपास रक्त पतला करने वाले How anticoagulants and antiplatelets work, and why the timing of stopping each before surgery differs — platelet turnover, half-lives and clot risk. Open → सर्जरी के बाद उड़ान और यात्रा Clot risk, cast tightness at altitude, fitness to fly and the practicalities of travelling after upper-limb surgery. Open → सर्जरी के बाद कब्ज और आंत की देखभाल Why constipation is common after surgery (especially with strong painkillers) and how to prevent and manage it. Open → सर्जरी के बाद दर्द का प्रबंधन What pain to expect, how to use pain relief well, and when to call. Open → सर्जरी के बाद सूजन और ऊंचाई Why a hand or arm swells after surgery, how elevation and gentle movement control it, and when swelling is a warning sign. Open → सर्जरी से पहले उपवास: आप क्या खा सकते हैं और क्यों खा सकते हैं Why you must stop eating before an anaesthetic, when you can still sip water, and what can happen if you do not fast. The clear fasting rules that keep your stomach empty and your lungs safe during surgery. Open → हाथ चिकित्सा की मूल बातें What to expect from hand therapy, how often you'll go, and what good rehab looks like. Open → हाथ, कलाई या कोहनी की सर्जरी के बाद दैनिक जीवन Keeping a hand or wrist dressing dry, elevation to control swelling, and one-handed living after hand, wrist or elbow surgery. Open →

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