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GLP- 1 ادویات (Ozempic، Wegovy) اور آپ کی سرجری

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If you take a GLP-1 medication (such as semaglutide — Ozempic or Wegovy) and you are having an operation: what these drugs do, why they matter for your anaesthetic (delayed stomach emptying and aspiration risk), and what you should do before surgery.

Updated Sep 2026
ایک طبی انجکشن قلم.
GLP-1 ادویات تیزی سے عام ہیں اور سرجری اور اینستھیزیا سے پہلے اس کے مضمرات پر تبادلہ خیال کرنے کے قابل ہیں۔ Kieran Hirpara 4.0

اس صفحے کا ترجمہ مشین سے کیا گیا ہے اور ابھی تک کسی ڈاکٹر نے اس کی جانچ نہیں کی۔ انگریزی نسخہ ہی مستند ہے۔

یہ دوا کیا ہے

GLP- 1 ادویات ادویات کا ایک گروپ ہے جسے آپ برانڈ ناموں جیسے Ozempic یا Wegovy سے جانتے ہوں گے۔ ان کا طبی نام GLP-1 ریسیپٹر اجنونسٹ ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے کہ وہ آپ کے جسم میں ایک قدرتی ہارمون کی نقل کرتے ہیں۔ لوگ انہیں دو اہم وجوہات کی بنا پر لیتے ہیں: ٹائپ - 2 ذیابیطس کو کنٹرول کرنے اور وزن کم کرنے کے لیے۔

آپ کے جسم میں یہ دوائیں دو طرح سے کام کرتی ہیں۔ وہ آپ کی بھوک کو کم کرتے ہیں، لہذا آپ کو کھانے کا احساس کم ہوتا ہے. یہ آپ کے معدے کو خالی کرنے کی رفتار کو بھی سست کرتے ہیں، اس لیے کھانا آپ کے معدے میں زیادہ دیر تک رہتا ہے اور آپ جلدی سے بھرا ہوا محسوس کرتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ وزن میں کمی ایک عام اثر ہے۔

اگر آپ ان میں سے کوئی دوا لیتے ہیں اور آپ سرجری کی منصوبہ بندی کر رہے ہیں تو یہ آپ کی سرجری ٹیم کے لئے اہم ہے۔ یہ ادویات تیزی سے عام ہو رہی ہیں، لہذا سرجن آپریشن کے وقت کے ارد گرد زیادہ سے زیادہ مریضوں کو ان کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے دیکھتے ہیں [1]- جی ہاں . ان کی اہمیت کی ایک وجہ یہ ہے کہ آپ کے معدے پر کیا اثر پڑتا ہے: چونکہ کھانا زیادہ آہستہ سے خالی ہوتا ہے ، لہذا آپ کی اینستھیزیا ٹیم کو آپ کی دیکھ بھال کی منصوبہ بندی کرتے وقت اس کے بارے میں جاننے کی ضرورت ہے [2].

ان ادویات اور مشترکہ متبادل سرجری پر تحقیق اب بھی بڑھ رہی ہے۔ کچھ مطالعات ممکنہ فوائد کی نشاندہی کرتے ہیں ، جیسے ہپ یا گھٹنے کی تبدیلی کے بعد انفیکشن کا کم خطرہ [3]، جبکہ دیگر نتائج مخلوط ہیں اور مزید تحقیق کی ضرورت ہے [4]- جی ہاں . ایک بھی تصویر ابھی تک طے نہیں ہوئی۔

آپ کو آپریشن سے پہلے اپنی دوا بند کرنے کی ضرورت نہیں ہے. موجودہ مشورہ یہ ہے کہ طریقہ کار سے پہلے ان ادویات کو روکنے کی سفارش نہیں کی جاتی ہے، کیونکہ یہ آپ کے خون کے شکر کے کنٹرول اور آپ کے وزن پر اثر انداز کر سکتا ہے. [5]- جی ہاں . آپ کی ٹیم آپ کے ساتھ اپنے مخصوص منصوبے کے بارے میں بات کریں گے.

یہ آپ کی سرجری اور اینستھیزیا پر کس طرح اثر انداز ہوتا ہے

اہم بات آپ کے پیٹ کے بارے میں جاننا ہے. یہ ادویات آپ کے معدے کو خالی کرنے کی رفتار کو سست کرتی ہیں۔ اس کا مطلب یہ ہے کہ کھانا آپ کی توقع سے زیادہ دیر تک وہاں رہ سکتا ہے، یہاں تک کہ آپ کے روزہ رکھنے کے بعد بھی۔ اگر آپ کے آپریشن کے دوران آپ کو نیند آ جاتی ہے تو آپ کے معدے کا مواد آپ کے پھیپھڑوں میں داخل ہو سکتا ہے۔ اس کو خواہش کہتے ہیں۔ یہ کسی بھی اینستیک کے ساتھ ایک معلوم خطرہ ہے، اور یہ ادویات اس میں اضافہ کر سکتے ہیں.

آپ کی اینستھیزیا ٹیم اس کو احتیاط سے سنبھالتی ہے۔ وہ آپ کے آپریشن کے ارد گرد ادویات کو روکنے اور معمول سے زیادہ طویل عرصے تک روزہ رکھنے کے بارے میں ہدایات پر عمل کرتے ہیں. کچھ ٹیمیں آپ کے معدے کو بھی اس عمل سے پہلے ایک الٹراساؤنڈ اسکین کے ساتھ چیک کرتی ہیں، یہ دیکھنے کے لئے کہ آیا کھانا یا سیال اب بھی وہاں بیٹھا ہے. مطالعے سے پتہ چلا ہے کہ ان ادویات لینے والے زیادہ تر لوگوں کے معدے میں کچھ بقیہ کھانا یا سیال ہوتا ہے، یہاں تک کہ معمول کے روزے کے بعد بھی [1]- جی ہاں . چاہے یہ اصل میں کھانے یا سیال پھیپھڑوں میں داخل ہونے کی طرف جاتا ہے بہت کم واضح ہے، اور اس نقطہ پر تحقیق متضاد ہے [1].

صحت یابی کے بارے میں کچھ حوصلہ افزا خبریں بھی ہیں۔ ہپ یا گھٹنے کی تبدیلی کے ساتھ لوگوں کو دیکھنے والے مطالعے سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ سرجری کے وقت کے ارد گرد ان ادویات کو لے جانے والے لوگوں کو مختصر مدت میں مزید سرجری کی ضرورت میں مسلسل اضافہ نہیں تھا. [2]- جی ہاں . کچھ مطالعات میں آپریشن کے بعد انفیکشن کا خطرہ بھی کم پایا گیا ہے [2]- جی ہاں . ہاتھ کی سرجری جیسے کارپل ٹنل کی رہائی کے لئے ، ایک مطالعہ میں زخم کی شفا یابی کے مسائل میں ایک چھوٹی سی کمی پائی گئی ، اور پہلے 90 دنوں میں دیگر پیچیدگیوں میں کوئی اضافہ نہیں ہوا۔ [3].

آپ کی ٹیم آپ کے ساتھ اس کی منصوبہ بندی کرنے کے لئے مل کر کام کرتا ہے. اس میں آپ کا سرجن، آپ کا بیہوش کرنے والا اور اگر ضرورت ہو تو آپ کے ذیابیطس کا انتظام کرنے والا ڈاکٹر بھی شامل ہے۔ مقصد یہ ہے کہ آپ کے لیے ایک منصوبہ بنایا جائے، تاکہ آپ کی دوا، آپ کے روزے کی ہدایات اور آپ کا آپریشن سب محفوظ طریقے سے ہو جائے۔ محققین اب بھی آپریشن کے ارد گرد ان ادویات پر لوگوں کی دیکھ بھال کرنے کا بہترین طریقہ کام کر رہے ہیں [4]، تو آپ کی ٹیم اپ ڈیٹ رکھیں گے اور آپ کے آپریشن سے پہلے بالکل کیا کرنا ہے کے ذریعے آپ کو بات کریں گے.

آپ کو کیا کرنا چاہئے

اگر آپ GLP-1 ادویات لیتے ہیں اور آپ سرجری کی منصوبہ بندی کر رہے ہیں تو، آپ کی دیکھ بھال میں شامل ہر شخص کو بتائیں. اس کا مطلب ہے آپ کا سرجن، آپ کا اینستھیشیسٹ اور آپ کا جی پی۔ یہ ڈاکٹر کو بتانے میں بھی مدد ملتی ہے جس نے دوائی تجویز کی ہے، کیونکہ وہ آپ کے ذیابیطس یا وزن کی منصوبہ بندی کا انتظام کرتے ہیں اور فیصلے کا حصہ ہوں گے.

اپنی دوائیوں کو خود سے لینا بند نہ کریں۔ اگر آپ کو لگتا ہے کہ اسے روکنے کی ضرورت ہوسکتی ہے تو ، اس ڈاکٹر سے پوچھیں جس نے پہلے اسے تجویز کیا تھا۔ بغیر کسی مشورے کے اسے روکنے سے آپ کے بلڈ شوگر اور وزن پر اثر پڑ سکتا ہے۔

آپ کی ٹیم آپ کے آپریشن سے پہلے آپ کو واضح ہدایات دے گی. ان میں یہ شامل ہوسکتا ہے کہ دوائی کو روکنا ہے، اور کب تک. یہ دوائیں آپ کے معدے کو سست کرنے کی وجہ سے روزے کو بھی پورا کریں گی جو معمول سے زیادہ طویل ہو سکتا ہے۔ ان ہدایات پر عمل کریں بالکل جیسا لکھا ہوا ہے۔

آپ کی دیکھ بھال ایک ٹیم کے طور پر منصوبہ بندی کی جاتی ہے. چونکہ یہ ادویات آپ کے معدے کے خالی ہونے پر اثر انداز ہوتی ہیں، آپ کے سرجن اور اینستھیسٹسٹ آپ کے ذیابیطس کا انتظام کرنے والے ڈاکٹر کے ساتھ مل کر آپ کے لئے موزوں منصوبہ تیار کرتے ہیں [1]- جی ہاں . محققین اب بھی آپریشن کے ارد گرد ان ادویات پر لوگوں کی دیکھ بھال کرنے کا بہترین طریقہ کام کر رہے ہیں [2]، تو آپ کی ٹیم کو اپ ڈیٹ رکھیں گے.

اگر کوئی بات واضح نہ ہو تو پوچھیں۔ جب آپریشن شامل ہو تو آپ کی دوائی کے بارے میں کوئی سوال بہت چھوٹا نہیں ہے۔

حوالہ جات

[1] گلوکاگون جیسی پیپٹائڈ - 1 ایگونسٹس کا ہپ اور گھٹنے کے آرتھروپلاسٹی اور پیری آپریشنل تحفظات پر اثر۔ جرنل آف آرٹروپلاسٹی2024ء میں DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.002

[2] گلوکاگون جیسے پیپٹائڈ - 1 ریسیپٹر اجنبیوں کی وجہ سے معدے کے خالی ہونے میں تاخیر اور اینستھیزیا کے دوران پیری آپریشن کے خطرے پر اس کے مضمرات۔ کورین جرنل آف انٹرنل میڈیسن2026ء میں DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2025.277

[3] کل مشترکہ آرتھروپلاسٹی میں گلوکاگون جیسے پیپٹائڈ - 1 رسیپٹر اجنبی: آرتھوپیڈک سرجنوں کو کیا جاننا چاہئے اس کا ایک جامع منظم جائزہ۔ آرتھروپلاسٹی2026ء میں DOI: 10.1186/s42836-026-00375-w

[4] گلوکاگون جیسی پیپٹائڈ - 1 ریسیپٹر اجنبیوں کے بعد کے نتائج پر گلوکاگون جیسی پیپٹائڈ - 1 ریسیپٹر اجنبیوں کا اثر: ایک منظم جائزہ جرنل آف آرٹروپلاسٹیسال 2025۔ DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.015

[5] GLP- 1 رسیپٹر agonists کے periprocedural استعمال: ANZCA کلینیکل پریکٹس سفارشات. ANZCA. 2025.

[6] GLP- 1 رسیپٹر agonists کے perioperative اینستھیزیا مینجمنٹ: ممکنہ خطرات کا ایک منظم جائزہ. پیری آپریشنل میڈیسن2026ء میں DOI: 10.1186/s13741-026-00662-9

[7] کارپل ٹنل ریلیز کے بعد پوسٹ آپریٹو نتائج پر پیپٹائڈ - 1 ریسیپٹر اگونسٹوں کا اثر. جرنل آف ہینڈ سرجری گلوبل آن لائنسال 2025۔ DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100746

[8] GLP-1 agonists: مریضوں کے لئے ایک نئی امید، anesthetists کے لئے ایک نئی چیلنج. اینستھیزولوجی انتہائی تھراپیسال 2025۔ DOI: 10.5114/ait/203167

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 13 June 2026.

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Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists induce delayed gastric emptying [1].
  • The pharmacological mechanisms of GLP-1 RA-induced delayed gastric emptying have clinical implications for perioperative aspiration risk during anesthesia [1].
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and anesthesiologists is emphasized for safe and individualized perioperative management of patients on GLP-1 RAs [1].
  • GLP-1 agonists may not produce sufficient weight loss to achieve body mass index cutoffs for total joint arthroplasty depending on individual patient factors, including starting bodyweight [2].
  • Further high-quality studies are called for to address the optimal perioperative care of patients on GLP-1RAs due to their increasing popularity in patients with obesity [3].
  • Conflicting findings in the literature highlight the need for further research, particularly well-designed multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials, to clarify the effects of GLP-1 RAs on surgical outcomes [4].
  • Arthroplasty surgeons will encounter an increasing number of patients on GLP-1 agonists [5].
  • It is important for arthroplasty surgeons to understand the implications of GLP-1 agonist use in the perioperative period [5].
  • GLP-1 agonist use should not be a contraindication for proceeding with total shoulder arthroplasty based on data showing no association with adverse events following shoulder surgery [6].
  • Elective preprocedural cessation of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIPRAs is not recommended due to insufficient data supporting cessation and risks of hyperglycaemia and compromised weight control [7].
  • The variability in available studies, potential confounding factors, and severe heterogeneity of conclusions emphasize the need for more high-quality evidence-based primary research to optimize perioperative management of patients taking GLP-1 RAs [8].
  • GLP-1 agonists have effects on bone health that are relevant to perioperative patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, with an emphasis on spine surgery [9].
  • GLP-1RA use suggests a potential benefit for optimizing high-risk patients who have obesity or diabetes undergoing total joint arthroplasty [10].

Effects on Surgery and Recovery

Perioperative Anesthesia and Gastric Emptying

  • Authors call for further high-quality studies to address the optimal perioperative care of patients on GLP-1RAs due to their increasing popularity in patients with obesity [3].
  • Available observational evidence suggests that extended GLP-1 RA withholding, 24-hour clear liquid diets, and pre-procedural gastric POCUS may be associated with reduced residual gastric content in selected patient populations [14].

Arthroplasty Outcomes

  • Arthroplasty surgeons will encounter an increasing number of patients on GLP-1 agonists, making it important to understand the implications of their use in the perioperative period [5].
  • Conflicting findings highlight the need for further research, particularly well-designed multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials, to clarify the effects of GLP-1 RAs on surgical outcomes in arthroplasty [4].
  • Findings suggest a potential benefit of GLP-1RA use for optimizing high-risk patients who have obesity or diabetes undergoing total joint arthroplasty [10].
  • While GLP-1 receptor agonists show potential to reduce postoperative complications in total joint arthroplasty, findings remain inconsistent, and further research is needed to clarify their impact on outcomes and establish perioperative management guidelines [11].
  • Preoperative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use may be linked to reduced readmission risk following joint arthroplasty, without evidence of increased postoperative medical harm [12].
  • Semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists may increase the number of eligible candidates for elective total joint arthroplasty by enabling weight loss and improving diabetic control [13].
  • Semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists may potentially reduce postoperative complications such as sepsis and prosthetic joint infections [13].
  • Current observational data suggest that perioperative GLP-1 RA use in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty is not associated with a consistent increase in short-term revision rates [16].
  • Current observational data suggest that perioperative GLP-1 RA use in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty may be associated with a reduced risk of postoperative infection [16].

Other Orthopedic Procedures

  • Based on data from a systematic review and meta-analysis, GLP-1 agonist use should not be a contraindication for proceeding with total shoulder arthroplasty [6].
  • Perioperative GLP-1RA use was associated with a small yet statistically significant reduction in the odds of wound dehiscence following carpal tunnel release [15].
  • Perioperative GLP-1RA use did not increase the odds of any other 90-day postoperative complications following carpal tunnel release [15].

Bone Health

  • A narrative review explores the mechanisms of action of GLP-1 agonists, their effects on bone health, and the implications of their use in perioperative patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, with an emphasis on spine surgery [9].
  • Exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture [17].

Practical Considerations

Perioperative Anesthesia and Gastric Emptying

  • Delayed gastric emptying induced by GLP-1 RAs has implications for perioperative aspiration risk during anesthesia [1].

Medication Management

Arthroplasty Outcomes and Eligibility

  • Conflicting findings highlight the need for further research, particularly well-designed multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials, to clarify the effects of GLP-1 RAs on surgical outcomes [4].

Shoulder Surgery

Bone Health and Spine Surgery

Key Evidence

  • [L4] This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical implications of GLP-1 RA-induced delayed gastric emptying, evaluates current literature on perioperative aspiration risk, and emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and anesthesiologists to ensure safe and individualized perioperative management. [1] (10.3904/kjim.2025.277)
  • [Paper] While efficacious, GLP-1 agonists may not produce sufficient weight loss to achieve body mass index cutoffs for total joint arthroplasty depending on individual patient factors, including starting bodyweight. [2] (10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00167)
  • [L4] Due to the increasing popularity of GLP-1RAs in patients with obesity, the authors call for further high-quality studies to address the optimal perioperative care of patients on GLP-1RAs. [3] (10.5114/ait/203167)
  • [L4] However, conflicting findings highlight the need for further research, particularly well-designed multicenter studies and randomized controlled trials, to clarify the effects of GLP-1 RAs on surgical outcomes. [4] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.015)
  • [L5] Arthroplasty surgeons will encounter an increasing number of patients on GLP-1 agonists, making it important to understand the implications of their use in the perioperative period. [5] (10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.002)
  • [L1] Based on this data, GLP-1 agonist use should not be a contraindication for proceeding with TSA. [6] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.12.005)
  • [L2] The variability in available studies, potential confounding factors, and the severe heterogeneity of conclusions all emphasize the need for more high-quality evidence-based primary research to optimize perioperative management of patients taking GLP-1 RAs. [8] (10.1186/s13741-026-00662-9)
  • [L4] This narrative review explores the mechanisms of action of GLP-1 agonists, their effects on bone health, and the implications of their use in perioperative patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, with an emphasis on spine surgery. [9] (10.1177/15563316261438492)
  • [L1] These findings suggest a potential benefit of GLP-1RA use for optimizing high-risk patients who have obesity or diabetes undergoing total joint arthroplasty. [10] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.054)
  • [L5] The paper concludes that while GLP-1 receptor agonists show potential to reduce postoperative complications in total joint arthroplasty, findings remain inconsistent, and further research is needed to clarify their impact on outcomes and establish perioperative management guidelines. [11] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.10.027)
  • [L1] Preoperative glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use may be linked to reduced readmission risk following joint arthroplasty, without evidence of increased postoperative medical harm. [12] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.036)
  • [L5] Semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists may increase the number of eligible candidates for elective total joint arthroplasty by enabling weight loss and improving diabetic control, while also potentially reducing postoperative complications such as sepsis and prosthetic joint infections. [13] (10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.014)
  • [L4] Available observational evidence suggests that extended GLP-1 RA withholding, 24-hour clear liquid diets, and pre-procedural gastric POCUS may be associated with reduced residual gastric content in selected patient populations. [14] (10.7759/cureus.108216)
  • [L3] Perioperative GLP-1RA use was associated with a small yet statistically significant reduction in the odds of wound dehiscence following CTR and did not increase the odds of any other 90-day postoperative complications. [15] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100746)
  • [L4] Current observational data suggest that perioperative GLP-1 RA use in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty is not associated with a consistent increase in short-term revision rates and may be associated with a reduced risk of postoperative infection. [16] (10.1186/s42836-026-00375-w)
  • [L1] Exenatide is the best option agent with regard to the risk of fracture. [17] (10.1007/s00198-018-4649-8)

References

[1] Delayed gastric emptying induced by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and its implications for perioperative risk during anesthesia. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2025.277

[2] Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists. JBJS Reviews. 2024. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00167

[3] GLP-1 agonists: a new hope for patients, a new challenge for anaesthetists. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy. 2025. DOI: 10.5114/ait/203167

[4] Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Postoperative Outcomes in Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.015

[5] The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty and Perioperative Considerations. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.002

[6] GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy is not associated with adverse events following shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.12.005

[7] Periprocedural use of GLP-1 receptor agonists: ANZCA Clinical Practice Recommendations. ANZCA. 2025.

[8] Perioperative anesthesia management of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of potential risks. Perioperative Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13741-026-00662-9

[9] GLP-1 Agonists in Orthopedic Surgery: A Narrative Review of Bone Health and Surgical Implications. HSS Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/15563316261438492

[10] The Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use on Clinical Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 346,899 Patients. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.054

[11] Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Have We Found the Holy Grail for Total Joint Arthroplasty?. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.10.027

[12] Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Readmission, and Postoperative Complications in Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.036

[13] Semaglutide and Other GLP-1 Agonists: A Boon for the Arthroplasty Industry?. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.12.014

[14] Peri-Procedural Fasting and Gastric Ultrasound Strategies in Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist Users: A Systematic Review With Qualitative Synthesis. Cureus. 2026. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.108216

[15] Impact of Perioperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Postoperative Outcomes Following Carpal Tunnel Release. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100746

[16] Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in total joint arthroplasty: a comprehensive systematic review of what orthopaedic surgeons should know. Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s42836-026-00375-w

[17] Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and fracture risk: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Osteoporosis International. 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4649-8

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