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骨骼肌肉健康的营养补充剂

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Evidence on dietary supplements for joint, muscle and bone health — protein and amino acids, creatine, collagen peptides, glucosamine and chondroitin, and omega-3 — including perioperative recovery and osteoarthritis.

一片叶子旁边的一粒补充剂胶囊。
一些补充剂有助于骨骼和关节健康,但许多被过度宣传——了解哪些有科学依据是有帮助的。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

什么是营养补充剂

营养补充剂是您服用的维生素、矿物质或其他物质,旨在支持骨骼、关节和肌肉。可以将它们视为身体的额外“建筑材料”。它们并非万能药,但可以帮助身体愈合并保持强健。如果您正在从手术中恢复或管理关节疼痛,医生可能会建议您使用这些补充剂。

许多不同类型的患者都会使用这些补充剂。运动能力受限的老年人可能从特定的营养素(如维生素D和乳清蛋白)中受益。接受全关节置换手术的患者可能会通过静脉输注蛋白质,以帮助肌肉恢复。如果您患有膝盖或手部的退行性关节炎,氨基葡萄糖和硫酸软骨素是常见的选择。它们具有极佳的安全性,并可能有助于减轻疼痛并改善您的活动能力。

某些补充剂通过支持身体的自然修复过程发挥作用。例如,胶原蛋白和透明质酸可能有助于缩短膝关节韧带手术后恢复正常活动所需的时间。Omega-3 脂肪酸(n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸)有助于缓解关节炎引起的疼痛并改善关节功能。氨基酸可能有助于防止骨折手术后肌肉萎缩。虽然这些手段可以通过预防并发症来降低医院成本,但我们仍需更多研究来确定适合所有人的最佳长期剂量。

是否有效?

答案取决于您的具体病情和目标。对于老年人,尤其是从髋部骨折中恢复的患者,针对性营养干预能产生切实的改善。口服营养支持和饮食指导是低风险措施,可能改善康复结果。对于无法进行运动的患者,补充维生素D和富含亮氨酸的乳清蛋白可能有助于维持肌肉质量。综合均衡营养与髋部骨折患者术后120天较低的并发症发生率和死亡率相关。

如果您接受关节置换或韧带手术,蛋白质和氨基酸补充剂可支持您的愈合。这些补充剂有助于预防全髋或全膝关节置换等术后肌肉流失。它们还可能增强肌肉力量,从而降低日后跌倒的风险。将这些营养素纳入术前准备可能有助于您更快地恢复功能。部分证据表明,氨基酸补充可通过减少感染和重症监护需求来降低住院费用。然而,其对全关节置换术后实际肌肉力量和功能的影响尚不一致。

对于骨关节炎(退行性关节炎),氨基葡萄糖和软骨素等补充剂通常安全性良好。它们可能缓解疼痛并改善僵硬。硫酸氨基葡萄糖对膝骨关节炎显示出前景,尽管其长期影响仍存在疑问。Omega-3脂肪酸也可能有助于减轻疼痛并改善关节功能。前交叉韧带重建术后,基于胶原蛋白的补充剂可能有助于您更早恢复活动并减少止痛药的使用。然而,肌酸补充在该手术后的前12周康复期间并未显示出益处。

总体而言,这些补充剂并非神奇疗法。它们作为包含物理治疗和医疗护理在内的更广泛计划的一部分时效果最佳。您的医生可根据您的独特健康需求帮助您判断是否适合使用这些补充剂。

这是否适合您?

如果您是因年长而无法锻炼的成年人,或正在准备进行关节置换或脊柱手术,营养补充剂可能适合您。对于关节置换,在饮食中增加蛋白质是一种低成本且易于遵循的措施。它可能有助于保护您的肌肉,并降低日后跌倒或骨折的风险。一些补充剂(如含有胶原蛋白或透明质酸的补充剂)可能有助于您在膝关节韧带手术后更快地恢复日常活动。它们还可能减少您所需的止痛药用量。

这些补充剂还可以通过减少严重并发症和感染来降低医院费用。对于髋部骨折患者,适当的营养可能提高生存率。如果您患有磨损性关节炎,氨基葡萄糖和软骨素是安全的选择,可能有助于缓解疼痛并改善活动能力。它们通常作为治疗的第一步使用。然而,目前没有强有力的证据表明它们能长期阻止关节损伤。关于最佳剂量和长期影响的问题仍然存在。因此,您的医生可能不会完全向所有人推荐它们。

您应与您的医生讨论这些选择。建议不一致或难以坚持计划等障碍可能会使成功变得更加困难。由专家团队制定的标准化计划通常更有效。如果费用不是主要问题,这些补充剂可以成为您护理中合理的一部分。它们通常风险较低,但并非万能药。您的医生将帮助您判断在您特定情况下,潜在益处是否大于不确定性。

结论

营养补充剂可以支持您的康复并管理关节疼痛,但它们与物理治疗和医疗护理结合使用时效果最佳。蛋白质和特定氨基酸有助于术后重建肌肉力量,而氨基葡萄糖和软骨素可能以较少的副作用缓解骨关节炎症状。请务必与您的医生讨论这些选项,以确保它们符合您的具体健康需求。


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