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伤口护理

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上肢手术后的敷料、淋浴、随访、疤痕护理及感染征象。

Updated Apr 2026
前臂上已清洁包扎的手术伤口的手绘插图。
用笔标记发红边缘是监测伤口早期感染最简单的方法之一:如果这条线在一天内向外扩散,请联系医疗团队。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

清洁且愈合良好的伤口是良好恢复的基础。术后最初两周是伤口最容易发生感染以及因牵拉或伸展而裂开的时期。如果您对伤口有任何疑虑,请联系病房;通常拍摄伤口照片并通过电子邮件发送以供审阅会很有帮助。

预期情况

上肢手术后出现的肿胀常令人担忧,但这属于正常现象。手部或手臂手术后,整条手臂可能出现肿胀;肩部手术后,手臂和手部也会肿胀。根据损伤程度和手术范围,肿胀可能持续数周至数月。如果肿胀持续存在、未见好转或导致僵硬,请联系诊室寻求建议。

伤口可能在几天内出现渗液或出血,尤其是手部伤口和关节镜(微创)肩部伤口。渗液通常在术后3至5天左右停止;若超过此时间仍有持续渗液,则需致电咨询。

手臂或手部的部分区域最初可能出现麻木感。置于伤口内的局部麻醉药通常在6至12小时内消退,但极少数情况下可能持续2至3天;肩部神经阻滞引起的麻木感通常持续8至18小时,偶尔可长达一天。如果超过约24至30小时后您的手臂仍完全麻木,请联系我们。

敷料

您出院时伤口上已覆盖好敷料。原则上, 请勿触碰:敷料在不受干扰时效果最佳,大多数敷料会保留至伤口复查时。例外情况是敷料变脏或被血液浸透:此时应更换(大多数药店均有备用水proof敷料)。 如果您不确定敷料是否需要更换,请在触碰前先给我们发送照片。

您所使用的敷料取决于手术类型:

  • 手部及肘部手术: 通常使用羊毛和绷带,下方垫有敷料。绷带可在48–72小时后拆除;下方的敷料需保留至约第10天。在伤口复查前,请保持手部及肘部敷料干燥。
  • 关节镜(微创)肩部手术: 多个小型防水敷料,需保留10天。
  • 肩关节置换术: 单个长敷料,应可使用10–14天。如果您发现必须更换(尤其是术后2–3天后仍有持续渗液),请联系病房讨论。10–14天后可以拆除,但如果感觉舒适,可以保留更长时间。

淋浴

肩部手术后,敷料具有防水性,因此您从术后第 1 天起即可淋浴:让水流过敷料表面,但不要浸泡该区域或用力擦洗。

手部及肘部手术后,在伤口复查前请保持敷料干燥:淋浴时可将手臂套入塑料袋并封口,或使用药店购买的淋浴防水套。

在伤口完全愈合前(通常为 2–3 周),请勿洗澡、游泳或泡温泉,并避免任何可能导致伤口浸泡或受污的活动。

缝合线

大多数伤口使用可吸收缝线进行闭合。有些缝线在皮下走行,伤口两端各留有一小段“线尾”;埋入皮下的部分无需拆除,暴露的线尾可在约10天后直接齐平皮肤剪断。另一些伤口使用称为Steri-Strips的小型塑料胶带,这些胶带会在1至2周内自行脱落。较大的伤口可能需要使用需在伤口复查时拆除的缝线。如果您无法返回我们的换药门诊,您的全科医生通常很乐意为您修剪或拆除缝线。

您的随访

病房将在您手术后两到三天内与您联系,告知您的随访预约详情。常规安排如下:

  • 术后1–2周伤口检查,由诊所护士进行。如果您住在市区以外,可能更方便由您的全科医生(GP)进行伤口护理;请携带您的出院小结,其中包含您手术的相关详情。
  • 术后6–8周由Hirpara医生进行复查: 如果您的伤口需要更密切的监护,则可能提前进行。
  • 手指和肌腱手术(如Dupuytren挛缩、指骨骨折、肌腱修复及类似手术)通常会转诊给手部治疗师,由其负责整体护理:伤口护理、拆线、瘢痕管理及康复训练。手部治疗仅在昆士兰州中部的部分地点提供;若附近没有手部治疗师,则由物理治疗师负责康复训练,诊所护士(或您的全科医生)负责伤口护理。

正常愈合的迹象

在最初几天,您可以预期出现以下情况:

  • 伤口边缘周围轻度发红
  • 少量透明或粉红色液体浸透敷料
  • 随着神经重新连接,出现紧绷感、瘙痒或“刺痛感”
  • 伤口周围出现瘀青,有时可能向下蔓延至手臂

在接下来的几周内,疤痕会隆起、呈粉红色且质地坚硬;在6至12个月内,它会逐渐变平并颜色变淡。

出现异常迹象——请联系我们

  • 红斑扩散超出伤口边缘
  • 伤口触之发热
  • 渗出液呈黄色、绿色或有异味
  • 疼痛在最初几天后持续加重而非减轻
  • 发热(体温超过38°C)
  • 伤口裂开

这些均可能是早期感染的迹象。请勿等待预约就诊,请立即致电我们。

伤口愈合后的疤痕护理

拆线且伤口干燥闭合后(通常为术后两至四周),即可开始疤痕按摩:

  • 每天两次,每次5–10分钟。 最初2–4周沿切口线方向按摩;之后可朝各个方向按摩。
  • 按压力度需足以使疤痕由粉红色变白,但切勿用力过猛导致疼痛。切勿按摩开放或看似感染的疤痕。
  • 按摩兼作脱敏:新疤痕感觉过敏属正常现象,频繁触摸可使其稳定。
  • 使用无香味的普通保湿霜(如Sorbolene、维生素E霜、芦荟)可软化疤痕并便于按摩。
  • 若疤痕隆起,在切口线上贴敷Fixomull或Hypafix胶带长达2周(每日更换;可隔着胶带按摩)有助于使其变平。大多数药房均有售。
  • 防晒至关重要:新疤痕极易晒伤,日晒损伤可能导致其永久性变黑。第一年请用SPF 30+防晒霜或氧化锌、衣物或阴影遮盖保护。

请坚持每日按摩,直至疤痕变淡、柔软且平坦。


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