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伤口护理

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上肢手术后敷料、淋浴、随访、疤痕护理及感染征象。

Updated Apr 2026
一幅手绘插图,展示前臂上一个清洁且已包扎的手术伤口。
用笔标记红肿边缘是监测伤口早期感染最简单的方法之一:如果标记线在一天内向外扩展,请及时联系医疗团队。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

清洁且正在愈合的伤口是良好康复的基础。手术后的前两周是伤口最容易发生感染或因牵拉或伸展而裂开的时期。如果您对伤口有任何疑虑,请与诊室联系;拍摄伤口照片并发送电子邮件以供审查通常会有所帮助。

预期情况

上肢手术后出现肿胀常令人担忧,但这是正常现象。手部或手臂手术后,整个手臂可能出现肿胀;肩部手术后,手臂和手部也会肿胀。根据损伤和手术的范围,肿胀可能持续数周至数月。如果肿胀持续存在、未见改善或导致僵硬,请联系诊室获取建议。

伤口可能在数天内有渗液或出血,尤其是手部伤口和关节镜(钥匙孔)肩部伤口。渗液通常在3–5天左右停止;若超过此时间仍有持续渗液,则需致电联系。

手臂或手部的某些部位初期可能出现麻木。局部麻醉药注入伤口后,通常在2–3天内消退;肩部神经阻滞引起的麻木通常在1–2天内恢复,但可能需要长达一周。

敷料

出院时,您的伤口上已覆盖有敷料。通常情况下,请勿触碰:敷料在不受干扰的情况下能发挥最佳作用,大多数敷料会保留至您的伤口复查日。例外情况是敷料变脏或被血液浸透:此时应更换敷料(大多数药店可购买到防水敷料)。如果您不确定敷料是否需要更换,请在更换前发送照片给我们。

具体敷料类型取决于您的手术方式:

  • 手部及手臂手术: 通常为羊毛纱布与弹力绷带,内层覆盖防水敷料。绷带可在术后48–72小时后拆除;内层防水敷料需保留至术后约第10天。
  • 关节镜(微创)肩关节手术: 多个小型防水敷料,需保留10天。
  • 肩关节置换术: 一条长敷料,通常需保留10–14天。如果您发现需要更换敷料(尤其是术后2–3天后仍有持续渗液),请联系诊室商议。术后10–14天后可拆除敷料,但如果患者感觉舒适,敷料可保留更长时间。

淋浴

防水敷料意味着您可以从术后第1天开始淋浴;让水流过敷料,但不要浸泡或搓洗该区域。淋浴时,将手或手臂套入塑料袋中会有所帮助。在伤口完全愈合之前(通常为2–3周),禁止盆浴、游泳或使用温泉浴池,并避免任何可能导致伤口浸泡或弄脏的活动。

如果您的敷料防水,请用塑料袋覆盖并用胶带密封,或使用药店购买的淋浴保护套。

缝线

大多数伤口使用可吸收缝线闭合。部分缝线埋于皮下,在伤口两端各留一小段“线尾”;埋入部分无需拆除,暴露的线尾约10天后可与皮肤齐平剪除。其他情况则使用称为Steri-Strips的小型塑料胶带,通常在1–2周内自行脱落。较大的伤口可能使用需拆除的缝线或钉合器,需在您的伤口复查时处理。若无法返回我们的换药门诊,您的全科医生通常很乐意为您修剪或拆除缝线。

您的随访安排

手术室将在您术后两到三天内与您联系,告知随访预约的详细信息。通常的安排如下:

  • 术后1–2周伤口复查:由执业护士进行。如果您住在外地,由您的全科医生(GP)进行伤口护理可能更为方便;请携带出院小结,其中包含您手术的详细信息。
  • 术后6–8周与Hirpara医生进行术后复查:如果您的伤口需要更密切的监测,则提前复查。
  • 手指和肌腱手术(如Dupuytren挛缩、手指骨折、肌腱修复及类似手术)通常转诊至手部治疗师,由其负责整体管理:包括伤口护理、拆线、疤痕管理和康复。手部治疗服务仅在昆士兰中部部分地区提供;如果附近没有手部治疗师,则由物理治疗师负责康复,执业护士(或您的全科医生)负责伤口护理。

正常愈合的迹象

在最初几天,您可能会经历:

  • 伤口边缘轻微发红
  • 少量透明或粉红色液体浸透敷料
  • 神经重新连接时的紧绷感、瘙痒或“刺痛感”
  • 伤口周围出现瘀斑,有时向下蔓延至手臂

在接下来的几周内,疤痕会凸起、呈粉红色且质地较硬;在 6–12 个月内,疤痕会逐渐变平并褪色。

出现以下情况请立即联系我们

  • 红肿范围超出伤口边缘
  • 伤口触之发热
  • 渗出液呈黄色或绿色,或有异味
  • 术后最初几天后疼痛不减轻反而加重
  • 发热(体温超过 38°C)
  • 伤口裂开

以上均为感染的早期征象。请勿等待预定复诊时间,请立即致电我们。

伤口愈合后的疤痕护理

拆线且伤口干燥闭合后(通常在术后两至四周),即可开始疤痕按摩:

  • 每天两次,每次5–10分钟。 在前2–4周内,沿切口方向进行按摩;之后可向各个方向按摩。
  • 按压力度应足以使疤痕由粉红色变为苍白,但切勿用力至引起疼痛。若疤痕未愈合或疑似感染,请勿按摩。
  • 按摩兼具脱敏作用:新疤痕感觉过敏是正常的,频繁触摸有助于缓解。
  • 使用无香料的保湿霜(如索尔波伦霜、维生素E霜、芦荟胶)可软化疤痕,使按摩更容易。
  • 若疤痕凸起,在切口线上贴覆Fixomull或Hypafix胶带,持续最多2周(每日更换;可在胶带上按摩)有助于使其变平。大多数药房均有售。
  • 防晒至关重要:新生疤痕易晒伤,日晒可能导致永久性色素沉着。在术后第一年内,应使用SPF 30+防晒霜、氧化锌、衣物或遮阳物进行防护。

每日坚持按摩,直至疤痕变为苍白、柔软且平坦。


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