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杜普伊特伦筋膜切除术

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Dupuytren’s fasciectomy — correcting hand contractures to improve function and daily activities.

Updated May 2026
一幅手绘插图,展示了一只术后休息的手,手掌包裹着柔软的手术敷料,手指自然伸直。
在杜普伊特伦筋膜切除术后,病变的索带已被移除;手部包裹在软性敷料中,伸直的手指正在恢复。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

此手术称为有限性掌腱膜切除术,旨在切除您手掌中导致手指弯曲的增厚组织索。您的外科医生可能已推荐此手术,因为对于进行性杜普伊特伦挛缩,当非手术疗法未能提供足够改善时,手术是金标准治疗方法。尽管存在其他方法,但这种开放手术是最常见的手术选择,并能提供最可靠的长期疾病控制效果。

本手术的主要目标是矫正畸形,使您能够伸直手指并恢复显著的手部功能。证据表明,此手术后可改善手部正常状态,使您更轻松地执行日常任务。尽管存在并发症的显著风险,该手术仍是恢复手部功能的有用且安全的方法。

手术前

您需要在手术前禁食,并安排人员驾车送您回家。请携带您目前所有药物的清单,并穿着舒适的衣物。您的外科医生可能会安排一些常规检查,如X光、血液检查或麻醉评估,以确保您适合接受该手术。这些检查有助于我们规划您的护理方案,并提前发现任何健康问题。您将接受开放式腱膜切除术,这意味着您的外科医生将在需要治疗的区域做一个标准的单一切口。您的外科医生会提供具体的指示,告知您哪些药物需要停用以及何时到达。

手术当天

您将抵达医院,并与您的外科医生和麻醉师会面。在前往手术室之前,他们将评估您的健康状况并解答任何最后的疑问。本手术将在全身麻醉下进行。您在手术期间将完全处于睡眠状态。部分患者可能还会接受区域神经阻滞以缓解术后疼痛;麻醉师将根据您的具体情况在当天决定。

您的外科医生将在需要治疗的区域做一个切口,以切除紧绷的组织。您将在复苏室醒来,虽然感到有些昏沉,但处于安全状态。在麻醉效果逐渐消退的过程中,医疗团队将对您进行密切监测。在离开医院之前,您将收到关于如何护理手部的指导。

手术内容

您的外科医生将执行有限的掌腱膜切除术,这是您病情最常见的手术选择。该手术涉及在手掌侧做一个切口,以接触导致手指弯曲的紧绷组织带。您的外科医生将仔细切除这些病变组织,这一过程称为腱膜切除术,以伸直您的手指。

对于更严重的病例,您的外科医生可能会使用称为皮肤腱膜切除术的技术。这涉及连同覆盖的皮肤一起切除病变组织,以确保更好地长期控制病情。在一些严重情况下,您的外科医生可能会使用改良的 McCash 技术。这种方法通过最小化的解剖来释放紧绷的组织,有助于减少术后疼痛和出血风险。

一旦移除紧绷组织并伸直手指,您的外科医生将用缝线缝合切口。手部正常评分通常在此手术后得到改善,有助于恢复手部功能。这种开放入路被认为是治疗杜普伊特伦挛缩症的一种安全且有效的方法。

术后

您将在恢复室苏醒,并接受疼痛管理。您的手部将被敷料包裹,并可能需要佩戴悬吊带或支具。一旦感到舒适,您即可轻柔地活动手指。大多数患者在此手术后需住院一晚,但部分患者可在当天回家。由于您将通过单一切口接受开放式筋膜切除术,因此需要有人在术后24小时内陪护。您的外科医生可能会使用皮质类固醇以促进早期活动并减轻肿胀。

恢复

术后前几天,您的手部可能会出现疼痛和肿胀。这是身体从切口愈合过程中的正常现象。您的外科医生可能会在手术过程中使用含有肾上腺素的局部麻醉药来帮助控制不适。一些患者发现,围手术期使用皮质类固醇有助于改善早期活动并减轻肿胀。

您需要遵循特定的手部康复计划以恢复活动度。您的外科医生可能会建议佩戴夹板,但研究表明,仅进行康复训练在预防僵硬方面通常同样有效。您将进行轻柔的练习以伸直手指。小指在这些动作中通常需要特别关注。您可以将手垫高在枕头上睡觉,以减轻肿胀。

随着手部愈合,您会感到握力和日常活动变得更加轻松。您的外科医生会指导您何时可以恢复驾驶或工作。您的恢复时间可能与他人不同;您的外科医生和物理治疗师会根据您的具体情况量身定制恢复计划。随着畸形得到矫正,您会感到手部功能有显著改善。

可能发生的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现一些问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您,以便尽早发现任何异常。

您可能会注意到治疗后疾病复发。这表现为手指再次缓慢向内弯曲,感觉与手术前相似。无论是接受手术还是注射治疗,均可能发生这种情况。如果您发现手指变僵硬或重新卷曲,请在下次复诊时告知您的外科医生。

有时,该病症在五年后复发。您可能会发现手指无法再次完全伸直,即使治疗后初期已有改善。如果出现这种情况,您的外科医生将与您讨论您的治疗方案。

在极少数情况下,新发杜普伊特伦挛缩症可能出现在未作为治疗主要目标的手指上。您可能会注意到新的肿块,或原本笔直的手指开始弯曲。请尽快向您的外科医生报告任何新出现的肿块或弯曲情况。

如果您曾为其他手指问题接受过手术,则可能面临更高的患病风险。请留意手部是否出现任何新的紧绷感或肿块。您的外科医生将在随访期间密切观察您的手部情况。

本页的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率,如需具体数据请参阅。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或渗出,请立即联系我们。若出现突发剧烈疼痛、感觉丧失或无法活动手部,请立即联系您的主刀医生。若发现小腿新发肿胀或呼吸困难,请前往急诊。这些症状需要紧急评估,以确保您的康复进程不受影响。


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