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护理您的疤痕

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如何在手术疤痕成熟所需的数月期间进行按摩、保护与监测。

Updated May 2026
手指按摩前臂已愈合的手术疤痕的插图。
瘢痕按摩,以软化并抚平已愈合的手术瘢痕。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

瘢痕是机体对损伤的记录。一旦伤口本身愈合,瘢痕在6至12个月内仍会持续变化。在最初几个月给予适当关注,能显著影响其最终变得柔软、平坦和淡白的程度。

疤痕的成熟过程

在前2–3周内,伤口仍在愈合:请勿触碰,保持干燥,并遵循伤口护理建议

从大约3周起,伤口闭合,疤痕进入重塑阶段。此时疤痕会凸起、呈粉红色且质地坚硬。这是正常现象。在接下来的6–12个月内,身体会逐渐用更强韧、排列更有序的纤维,替换掉早期疤痕中匆忙形成且排列紊乱的胶原纤维。疤痕会逐渐变平、变软并褪色。您身上那些已不再留意的陈旧疤痕,都经历了这一相同的过程。

何时及如何进行按摩

一旦伤口完全愈合且所有结痂脱落(通常在第三周结束时),轻柔的按摩有助于深层组织自由滑动并分解限制性粘连。

  • 使用无香料的普通保湿霜:如 sorbolene(一种保湿霜)、维生素 E 乳膏,或您手边已有的任何产品。品牌“祛疤霜”可以使用,但其效果并不优于基础保湿霜。
  • 按压力度应足以使皮肤在深层组织上移动,而不仅仅是在表面滑动。按压时疤痕应出现苍白(blanching)现象。
  • 每天两次,每次两分钟,持续约三个月。
  • 沿疤痕线条以小圆圈或前后方向进行按摩。

如果在最初的一两周内按摩感到不适,这是正常的;疤痕此时较为敏感。如果确实感到疼痛,请停止按摩,次日再试。

硅胶凝胶和贴片

硅胶是唯一有充分证据支持用于软化疤痕并降低增生性(肥厚性)疤痕发生风险的非处方产品。如果您的疤痕在6–8周时开始出现凸起、发红或瘙痒,使用硅胶最为有效。

您可以从任何药店购买硅胶凝胶(涂抹后数秒内干燥,每日两次)或硅胶贴片(贴于疤痕上,全天或夜间佩戴)。使用8–12周。如果因粘合剂出现皮疹,请停止使用。

防晒

新生瘢痕的色素沉着程度高于正常皮肤。在术后前12个月内暴露于紫外线,可能导致瘢痕永久性比周围皮肤颜色更深。当瘢痕可能暴露于阳光下时(如在海滩、长时间步行,或手臂靠近车窗驾驶时),请用衣物遮盖或涂抹高SPF值的防晒霜。

什么是正常,什么是不正常

正常: 粉红色,质地坚实,轻微隆起,偶尔瘙痒,比周围皮肤更敏感。在数月内缓慢改善。

增生性瘢痕: 隆起、发红且增厚,但局限于原始伤口范围内。常伴有瘙痒。大多数通过硅酮制剂和时间推移可逐渐消退。如果瘢痕引起不适,我们可以提供皮质类固醇注射治疗。

瘢痕疙瘩: 生长超出原始伤口边缘,呈气泡状。在上肢较少见。更常见于肤色较深的人群,以及前胸、耳垂或肩部。如果您有瘢痕疙瘩病史,请在手术前告知,以便我们据此制定相应计划。

如出现以下情况,请致电我们

  • 疤痕变红、发热、肿胀或再次渗出(这更可能是晚期感染而非疤痕问题)
  • 在术后 6 周后明显变厚或变宽
  • 严重瘙痒,且使用硅胶产品和保湿剂后仍未缓解
  • 在日常活动中容易钩挂和撕裂(有时关节处的紧绷疤痕需要松解)

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