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手部、腕部或肘部手术后的日常生活

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手、腕或肘部手术后最初几周的实用日常建议——保持敷料干燥、抬高患手、单手自理技巧,以及何时需要寻求帮助。

用枕头垫高至心脏水平以上的包扎手部。
将手保持在高于心脏水平的位置是术后控制肿胀和搏动性疼痛的最佳单一方法。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

手部、腕部或肘部手术后,您的手臂通常会在最初的一到两周内使用绷带、夹板或石膏固定。起初可能会感到别扭且有些笨拙,日常事务突然需要一些规划。本页面将引导您了解最初几天和几周的实际护理要点:如何保持敷料干燥、如何缓解肿胀,以及如何应对暂时单手生活的种种不便。大多数情况归结为两个简单的习惯:保持干燥,并保持抬高。

保持敷料或石膏干燥

您的敷料、夹板或石膏在拆除或更换之前必须保持完全干燥。潮湿的敷料或潮湿的石膏会将湿气困在伤口处,而这正是感染开始的地方。浸湿的石膏也会失去形状,从而无法发挥其作用。

对于淋浴,最简单的方法是在进入淋浴区之前,用防水袋或专用石膏套覆盖整个敷料。一个顶部用几根橡皮筋或胶带密封的大塑料袋即可完成任务;可重复使用的防水石膏和手臂套价格低廉,单手即可套上,如果您不想麻烦地使用袋子,它们能更可靠地密封。保持覆盖的手臂避开直接的水流,并略微向下倾斜,以便任何飞溅的水流远离开口而不是流入其中。

如果您不想冒任何使用覆盖物的风险,只需将手臂伸出水面进行清洗即可:坐在浴缸旁的椅子上,或将手臂挂在淋浴屏风外,使其远离喷雾。手持花洒会让这变得容易得多。

无论您采用哪种清洗方式:

  • 切勿让石膏或敷料变湿。 如果变湿,请拍干边缘并通知我们,因为潮湿的石膏通常需要更换。
  • 之后拍干敷料边缘周围;不要将毛巾塞在下面或向里面戳任何东西。
  • 除非我们向您演示过方法,否则不要试图自行拆除或重新包裹敷料以“透气”。

保持手部抬高——抬高患肢

如果有一件事能在最初几天产生最大的影响,那就是将手和前臂保持在心脏水平以上。 当手垂下时,血液和液体会在手中积聚,这正是导致搏动性疼痛、手指紧绷肿胀以及早期僵硬的主要原因。 抬高手部有助于排出这些液体。

因此,在最初的三到五天内,请尽可能多地保持手部抬高:

  • 当您坐着或躺着时,将手放在一个或两个枕头上,使其位置高于您的胸部,而不是放在大腿上。
  • 当您起身走动时,使用悬吊带可以支撑并抬高手部。
  • 即使感觉舒适时也要保持抬高。在肿胀形成之前,抬高患肢预防肿胀的效果远优于肿胀形成后的治疗。

与此同时,除非我们特别告知您相反的做法,否则请保持手指活动:每小时轻柔地握拳并伸直手指几次。 活动手指有助于排出肿胀并防止手指僵硬。 白天也要轻柔地活动肩部和肘部,以免因悬吊带固定不动而导致僵硬。

单手应对

在一段时间内,您的手术手臂将基本无法使用,您需要用另一只手完成大部分事情。提前做一些规划可以大大减少不便:

  • 穿衣: 选择宽松、前开襟的衣物:衬衫和夹克,而不是需要套过头顶的衣物。穿衣时,先穿手术侧手臂,脱衣时最后脱手术侧手臂。一脚蹬鞋和松紧腰带可以省去许多麻烦。
  • 在厨房: 准备简单的饭菜,使用预切或易开包装的食物,并用台面或湿布固定物品,而不是用手。碗下垫一块防滑垫,便于单手搅拌或混合。
  • 洗漱和整理仪容: 长柄海绵、按压式洗手液瓶以及靠在盆边的牙刷都有帮助。
  • 请人帮忙完成需要双手的任务: 开罐子、提购物袋、切食物、搬重物。现在是让他人搭把手的时候。
  • 最重要的是,在我们告知安全之前,请勿用手术手抓握、提举或支撑身体。即使感觉正常,下方的修复组织也需要时间愈合,过早负重可能会破坏修复效果。目前请将这只手视为“随行乘客”,而非工作手。

睡眠

肿胀和搏动性疼痛在夜间往往会加重,这仅仅是因为手部最终会平放或悬垂在床沿之外。请在您身旁用枕头将手和前臂垫高,使其在整夜保持抬高状态,并紧靠您身体一侧,而非压在身下。许多人发现仰卧,或侧卧于未手术一侧,并将患侧手臂用前方的枕头支撑,最为舒适。如果您被要求佩戴夹板睡眠,请按照指示佩戴。

何时寻求帮助

最初几天出现一些不适、瘀伤和轻微肿胀是完全正常的。但由于敷料和石膏固定得较为牢固,且内部肢体正在肿胀,因此存在一些警示信号,表明敷料或石膏可能过紧,正在压迫神经和血液供应。这些情况需要紧急处理。

如果您注意到以下情况,请立即寻求帮助(前往最近的急诊科或联系我们):

  • 手指麻木或出现针刺感,且抬高手部后无法缓解
  • 手指变苍白、发白、发蓝或发冷
  • 剧烈疼痛或持续加重的疼痛,且止痛药无法缓解,尤其是感觉比预期更严重的疼痛
  • 无法活动手指,或尝试伸直手指时感到疼痛
  • 感觉石膏或敷料紧绷不适,仿佛正在勒紧肢体

上述任何症状同时出现,均提示敷料过紧,肢体需要立即解除束缚;请勿等待观察其是否自行缓解。

如果您注意到伤口出现问题的迹象,请在白天期间联系我们:

  • 敷料变湿、浸透或散发异味
  • 伤口周围出现扩散性的发红、发热或肿胀
  • 有液体或脓液渗出,或伤口裂开
  • 发烧或整体感觉不适

对于普通的肿胀、瘀伤和酸痛,答案几乎总是同一个简单的方案:保持手部抬高,保持手指活动,并按时服用止痛药。 这种情况会在最初的一到两周内逐渐稳定下来。


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