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手部、腕部或肘部手术后的日常生活

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手部、腕部或肘部手术后最初几周的实用日常建议——保持敷料干燥、抬高患肢、单手生活管理,以及何时寻求医疗帮助。

一只包扎好的手垫在枕头上,位置高于心脏水平。
将手抬高至心脏水平以上是术后控制肿胀和搏动性疼痛的最佳方法。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

手部、腕部或肘部手术后,您的手臂在最初的一到两周内通常会用绷带、夹板或石膏固定。起初可能会感到不太适应,有些笨拙,日常事务也突然需要一些规划。本页将为您详细介绍最初几天和几周的实际注意事项:如何保持敷料干燥、如何减轻肿胀,以及如何应对暂时单手生活带来的小困扰。大部分内容归结为两个简单的习惯:保持干燥,并保持抬高。

保持敷料或石膏干燥

在拆除或更换敷料、夹板或石膏之前,必须确保其完全干燥。潮湿的敷料或受潮的石膏会将湿气积聚在伤口周围,而这正是感染滋生的温床。湿透的石膏还会失去形状,从而无法发挥其应有的作用。

淋浴时,最简单的做法是在进入淋浴区前,用防水袋或专用石膏罩将整个敷料包裹起来。用大号塑料袋并在顶部用几根橡皮筋或胶带密封即可达到效果;可重复使用的防水石膏和手臂保护套价格低廉,单手即可套入,且密封性更可靠,如果您不想麻烦地使用塑料袋,这是一个更好的选择。淋浴时,请将包裹好的手臂置于水流直射范围之外,并略微向下倾斜,使溅起的水珠远离开口处,而不是流入开口内。

如果您不想冒险使用任何覆盖物,只需在手臂不接触水的情况下进行清洗:坐在浴缸旁的椅子上,或将手臂伸出淋浴屏风外,使其远离水雾喷洒区域。使用手持花洒会使这一过程更加轻松。

无论采用哪种清洗方式:

  • 切勿让石膏或敷料弄湿。 如果敷料或石膏受潮,请轻拍边缘使其干燥,并告知我们,因为受潮的石膏通常需要更换。
  • 清洗后,轻拍敷料边缘使其干燥;切勿将毛巾塞入敷料下方,也不要将任何物品伸入敷料内部。
  • 除非我们已教您如何操作,否则不要自行拆除或重新包扎敷料以“通风”。

保持手部抬高——抬高患肢

如果在最初几天里有一件事能产生最大的影响,那就是将手和前臂抬高至心脏水平以上。当手部下垂时,血液和液体会在其中积聚,这正是导致搏动性疼痛、手指紧绷肿胀以及早期僵硬的主要原因。抬高患肢有助于液体引流。

因此,在最初的三到五天内,请尽可能多地保持抬高:

  • 当您坐着或躺着时,将手放在一个或两个枕头上,使其位置高于胸部,而不是垂在腿上。
  • 当您起身走动时,吊带可以支撑并抬高患手。
  • 即使感觉舒适,也要保持抬高。抬高患肢在预防肿胀方面远比肿胀发生后进行治疗有效。

同时,除非我们特别告知您例外,否则请保持手指活动:每小时多次轻轻握拳并伸直手指。活动手指有助于排出肿胀液体,防止手指僵硬。此外,请在白天轻柔地活动肩部和肘部,以免因长时间固定在吊带中而导致僵硬。

单手管理

在一段时间内,您的手术手臂基本无法使用,您将主要依靠另一只手完成大多数事情。提前稍作规划可以大大减少挫败感:

  • 穿衣: 选择宽松、前开襟的衣物:衬衫和夹克,而不是套头式的衣物。穿衣时,先穿手术侧的手臂;脱衣时,最后脱手术侧的手臂。穿脱方便的鞋子和松紧腰带的裤子可以省去很多繁琐的步骤。
  • 在厨房: 准备简单的餐食,使用预切或易开包装的食物,让操作台或湿布固定物品,而不是用手按住。在碗下垫一块防滑垫,可以单手搅拌或混合食材。
  • 洗漱和梳理: 长柄海绵、按压式瓶装肥皂以及靠在洗手池边缘的牙刷都有帮助。
  • 双手操作的任务请寻求帮助: 如开罐头、提购物袋、切食物、搬运任何重物。现在是让别人帮忙的时候。
  • 最重要的是,在我们告知您可以之前,不要使用手术手进行抓握、提举或倚靠。即使感觉良好,内部的修复仍需时间愈合,过早承重可能会破坏修复效果。目前请将这只手视为“随行”而非“工作”手。

睡眠

肿胀和搏动性疼痛在夜间往往更为严重,这仅仅是因为手处于平放或垂在床边的位置。将手和前臂垫高在身旁枕头上,使其整夜保持抬高状态,置于身体侧面而非身下。许多人发现仰卧或在未手术的一侧侧卧(将患臂用枕头支撑在身前)最为舒适。如果您被提供夹板用于睡眠,请按照指示佩戴。

何时寻求帮助

在最初几天,出现一些不适、瘀伤和轻度肿胀是完全正常的。但绷带和石膏是坚硬的,而肢体内部正在肿胀,因此有一些警示信号表明绷带或石膏可能变得过紧,正在压迫神经和血液供应。这些情况需要紧急处理。

如果您注意到以下情况,请立即寻求帮助(前往最近的急诊科或致电我们):

  • 手指麻木或刺痛,且在抬高患手后无法缓解
  • 手指变苍白、发白、发蓝或变冷
  • 剧烈或持续加重的疼痛,且止痛药无法缓解,尤其是疼痛程度超出预期的疼痛
  • 无法活动手指,或在尝试伸直手指时感到疼痛
  • 石膏或绷带感觉过紧,仿佛正在紧紧勒住肢体

出现上述任何症状均提示绷带过紧,肢体需要立即解除压迫;不要等待其自行缓解。

如果您注意到伤口问题的迹象,请在白天联系我们:

  • 绷带变湿、浸透或有难闻的气味
  • 伤口周围出现扩散的红斑、发热或肿胀
  • 有液体或脓液渗出,或伤口裂开
  • 发烧或感觉全身不适

对于普通的肿胀、瘀伤和酸痛,处理方法几乎总是遵循同一简单原则:抬高患手,活动手指,并按时服用止痛药。 这些症状通常在一到两周内逐渐缓解。


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