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妊娠与手部疾病

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Carpal tunnel in pregnancy and de Quervains "mummy thumb" — why they happen, what is safe, and when they settle.

一名孕妇握着她的手腕。
腕管综合征和德奎尔万腱鞘炎在孕期和产后很常见,通常通过简单的措施即可缓解。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

疼痛、针刺感和拇指疼痛在孕期以及照顾新生儿的头几个月里非常常见。当您的双手比以往任何时候都更加忙碌时,这些症状可能会令人痛苦,但令人欣慰的是,几乎所有这些问题都是暂时性的,由孕期和早期母性带来的变化所引起,绝大多数通过简单的措施和时间即可自行缓解。手术很少需要。

本页介绍了我们最常见的两种情况,以及有助于缓解的简单方法。它是我们对腕管综合征和神经压迫德奎尔万腱鞘炎以及手和手臂麻木和刺痛相关页面的补充;在这里,我们重点讨论当这些问题与孕期和新生儿护理同时出现时的不同之处。

为什么孕期手部会酸痛

怀孕会以多种方式对腕部的小结构造成较大影响。您的组织内会积聚更多液体,且激素变化会使肌腱和神经周围的衬垫变得松弛并肿胀。腕部空间狭小(神经和肌腱在此处通过狭窄的通道),因此即使轻微的肿胀也可能压迫到之前完全舒适的结构。再加上照顾新生儿时重复进行的抱持和喂养动作,就不难理解为何手部和腕部会出现不适。

需要牢记的关键点是,其原因通常是暂时的:随着分娩后孕期液体和激素变化的消退,以及身体的恢复,压迫感会减轻,症状往往也会逐渐消退。

妊娠期腕管综合征

腕管是位于腕部前方的一个狭窄通道,正中神经由此进入手部。在妊娠期,体液潴留导致腕管内组织肿胀,从而压迫神经。其结果是拇指、食指和中指(以及环指的一半)出现麻木和刺痛感,常被描述为“针刺感”,且通常在夜间加重,有时甚至会痛醒,患者常需甩动双手以缓解症状。部分女性在妊娠最后几个月症状最为明显。

令人鼓舞的是,分娩后症状的演变过程:对于大多数女性而言,随着多余体液的消退,症状会在分娩后数周内缓解。鉴于此,妊娠期治疗几乎总是简单且旨在让患者舒适,静待自然病程发展:

  • 夜间腕部夹板是主要治疗手段。保持腕部伸直位的夹板可在睡眠期间使腕管尽可能开放,往往是最有帮助的措施。
  • 活动调整: 减少长时间弯曲腕部的姿势和活动,并适时休息。
  • 手部治疗: 提供关于夹板使用、姿势和轻柔技术的指导。
  • 如果症状严重且未缓解,偶尔会在腕管内注射类固醇,以在分娩前提供舒适感。

妊娠期极少需要手术,因为该问题在婴儿出生后往往能自行解决。

德奎尔万腱鞘炎(“妈妈手”)

德奎尔万腱鞘炎是手腕拇指侧肌腱的疼痛性肿胀,肌腱在此处经过腕骨附近的一个狭窄隧道。疼痛位于手腕拇指侧,由抓握、提举和旋转手腕的动作诱发,并常轻微放射至拇指和前臂。

它获得“妈妈手”这一绰号,是因为它与反复抱起和托举婴儿的动作密切相关,这会导致手腕每天承受数十次负荷,且在抱起、携带和喂养婴儿时,手腕常处于不自然姿势。怀孕和哺乳期间的激素变化也参与其中。与通常在分娩前达到高峰的腕管综合征不同,德奎尔万腱鞘炎通常在分娩后、照顾新生儿的数月期间出现或加重。

该病通常会自行缓解,治疗也相对简单:

  • 拇指(人字)夹板:支撑拇指和手腕,同时让拇指指尖自由活动:这有助于休息受刺激的肌腱,是治疗的基石。
  • 改变抱婴儿的方式:从下方托举,保持手腕伸直,由前臂发力,而不是拇指和手腕伸展抓握。手部治疗师可以向您展示一些能产生显著效果的简单技巧调整。
  • 对于顽固性疼痛,向受累肌腱隧道注射类固醇效果良好,且常具治愈性。

许多病例随着早期几个月需求的减少而缓解,在哺乳母亲中,一旦停止哺乳,病情通常会消退。

其他可能间歇性出现的疼痛

在此阶段,还可能出现其他几种常见且通常为一过性的手部与腕部不适:

  • 腕部和手部普遍性酸痛与肿胀,源于相同的液体潴留,通常在一天中较晚时加重,分娩后缓解。
  • 扳机指(狭窄性腱鞘炎): 手指或拇指在屈曲时出现卡顿、弹响或交锁,由肌腱周围肿胀引起。可发生于妊娠期或产后数月,通常可通过夹板固定、手部治疗或在必要时进行类固醇注射而缓解。

孕期及哺乳期安全性

常见的担忧是:在怀孕或哺乳期间,是否可以进行任何安全的治疗。好消息是,一线治疗方案同时也是最安全的方案

  • 夹板固定、手部治疗和活动调整对您和胎儿均无风险,我们几乎总是从这些措施开始。它们往往就足以解决问题。
  • 类固醇注射和手术仅作为备选方案,用于少数症状未缓解的病例,并会与您 individually 讨论,权衡治疗时机与您的怀孕或哺乳阶段的关系,以确保任何决定都是在充分知情的情况下做出的,并且适合您的具体情况。

由于许多此类病症在分娩后会自行缓解,通常的计划是通过温和的措施让您保持舒适,并让时间来完成其余的治疗。

何时就诊

如果出现以下情况,请与我们联系,或咨询您的全科医生、助产士或我们的医疗团队:

  • 麻木或刺痛感变得严重或持续存在,而非仅在夜间间歇性发作。
  • 您注意到手部无力、握力减弱,或拇指根部肌肉萎缩(变薄):这些可能表明神经需要进一步关注。
  • 在宝宝出生后数月,症状本应改善,但并未缓解。
  • 疼痛或无力影响了您照顾婴儿的能力(如喂养、抱起或携带婴儿),且简单措施无法有效控制。

及早联系我们可以为您定制合适的夹板,安排手部治疗,并在必要时讨论其他少数可选方案,从而确保这一常见且通常短暂的问题不会妨碍您享受与新宝宝在一起的时光。


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