Patients › 肩关节

肩关节

Plain-English information about 肩关节 conditions, operations, and recovery.

How your 肩关节 works

How your shoulder works Shoulder anatomy overview – bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus) and how they enable wide range of motion. Open →

Conditions

EnFix 生物支架 Open → SLAP损伤与肱二头肌病变 Superior labral (SLAP) tears and disorders of the long head of biceps — assessment and treatment. Open → 冻结肩 Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) causes pain and stiffness, progressing through freezing, frozen, and thawing phases. Open → 副肩峰骨 Patient-facing topic on os acromiale — failed fusion of an acromial ossification centre that may cause shoulder pain and contribute to subacromial impingement. Open → 肩关节不稳 Shoulder instability — understanding the feeling of looseness, causes, and treatment options. Open → 肩关节关节炎 Shoulder arthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion — diagnosis and treatment options explored. Open → 肩关节弹响、爆裂音及不稳 Why a shoulder clicks, pops or feels like it slips — from harmless noises to labral tears and instability — what it means, and when it needs attention. Open → 肩峰下撞击综合征与滑囊炎 Subacromial impingement — causes of shoulder pain with overhead activity, diagnosis, and treatment options. Open → 肩胛上神经病变 Open → 肩袖疾病 Rotator cuff disorders: common causes of shoulder pain, ranging from mild ache to debilitating injury. Open → 肩锁关节损伤（肩关节分离） A shoulder separation from a fall on the point of the shoulder — grading, the bump that may remain, and when surgery is needed. Open → 肩锁关节骨关节炎 AC joint osteoarthritis causes localized shoulder pain with cross-body movements; treatment ranges from activity modification to surgery. Open → 肱二头肌腱病及长头腱断裂 Front-of-shoulder biceps tendon pain and the "Popeye" long-head rupture — and why the rupture usually needs no surgery. Open → 肱骨近端骨折 Proximal humerus fractures — Neer classification, sling management, and surgical options. Open → 胸大肌断裂 A chest-muscle tear, classically during a heavy bench press — how to recognise it and why complete tears are usually repaired early. Open → 胸廓出口综合征 Compression of the nerves and vessels at the base of the neck — the types, why diagnosis is tricky, and physio-first treatment. Open → 胸锁关节疾病 Problems where the collarbone meets the breastbone — arthritis, instability and the rare but serious posterior dislocation — and how each is managed. Open → 袖状关节病 Rotator cuff arthropathy: shoulder arthritis following a long-standing, massive rotator cuff tear and its impact on function. Open → 远端锁骨骨溶解 Open → 钙化性肌腱炎 Calcific tendinitis causes shoulder pain from calcium deposits; treatment ranges from observation to washing out the calcium. Open → 锁骨骨折 Clavicle fractures — when conservative management is fine and when fixation is indicated. Open →

Operations

Latarjet手术 Latarjet procedure — bone block transfer for recurrent shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss. Open → 全肩关节置换术 Total shoulder replacement for severe arthritis — stemless options if rotator cuff is intact. Open → 全面关节镜管理（CAM） The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) procedure — a joint-preserving arthroscopic alternative to arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis, combining debridement, capsular release, osteophyte excision, microfracture, loose-body removal and axillary nerve neurolysis. Open → 关节囊松解术 Arthroscopic capsular release frees a stiff shoulder (frozen shoulder) when physiotherapy and injections fail. Open → 反式肩关节置换术 Reverse shoulder replacement for severe rotator cuff tears and arthritis—when a traditional replacement isn’t ideal. Open → 急性肱骨近端骨折的肩关节置换术 Open → 翻修肩关节置换术 Revision shoulder replacement — addressing failure of prior shoulder replacements with a reverse design. Open → 翻修肩袖修复术 Open → 肩关节前侧稳定术 Arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability — distinct from open Latarjet. Open → 肩关节镜 What shoulder arthroscopy is, what it's used for, and how to prepare and recover. Open → 肩峰下减压术 Arthroscopic subacromial decompression for impingement and bursitis — operation and recovery. Open → 肩胛上神经减压术 Open → 肩袖修复 Rotator cuff repair reattaches torn tendons to bone, improving pain and function when conservative treatment fails. Open → 肩锁关节稳定术 Surgical reconstruction for high-grade AC joint dislocation (Rockwood III-VI). Open → 肱二头肌腱固定术 Biceps tenodesis and tenotomy — when, where (suprapectoral vs subpectoral) and what to expect afterwards. Open → 肱骨近端骨折切开复位内固定术（钢板和髓内钉固定） Open → 远端锁骨切除术（Mumford手术） A Mumford procedure (distal clavicle excision) removes the small worn outer tip of the collarbone to ease shoulder pain at the AC joint. What the keyhole operation involves and what recovery looks like. Open → 锁骨固定术 Clavicle fixation (ORIF) — restoring alignment and stability for displaced clavicle fractures. Open →

Recovery and rehabilitation

伤口护理 Dressings, showering, and signs of infection after upper-limb surgery. Open → 佩戴和睡眠时使用手臂吊带 How to sleep in an arm sling, get the sling position right, and look after it after shoulder, elbow or wrist surgery, including whether to keep the sling on overnight. Open → 促进愈合的健康饮食 Everyday food to support recovery after surgery — protein, energy, healing vitamins, and preventing constipation. Open → 在家中预防血栓 Reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis after upper-limb surgery — mobilisation, hydration, medication. Open → 家庭中的石膏和夹板护理 Looking after a plaster or splint at home — keeping it dry, elevation, keeping joints moving, and the urgent signs of a too-tight cast. Open → 心理、压力与恢复 How stress, low mood, anxiety and worry about pain affect recovery and surgical outcomes — and what helps. Open → 您的伤口检查与拆线 What happens at the post-op wound check, dissolvable vs removable stitches, what removal feels like, and when to seek help sooner. Open → 您的肩部神经阻滞 The nerve block we use for shoulder surgery — how it numbs your arm, why it controls pain so well, and what to expect as it wears off. Open → 我的伤口感染了吗？ How to tell normal healing from a wound infection after surgery — the warning signs and when to seek help. Open → 手术准备 General checklist for the days before upper-limb surgery — fasting, what to bring, medications. Open → 手术前后的抗凝药物 How anticoagulants and antiplatelets work, and why the timing of stopping each before surgery differs — platelet turnover, half-lives and clot risk. Open → 手术前禁食：可以吃什么和喝什么，以及原因 Why you must stop eating before an anaesthetic, when you can still sip water, and what can happen if you do not fast. The clear fasting rules that keep your stomach empty and your lungs safe during surgery. Open → 手术当天 What to expect on the day of day-case upper-limb surgery, from arrival and meeting the team to waking up and going home. Open → 手部、腕部或肘部手术后的日常生活 Keeping a hand or wrist dressing dry, elevation to control swelling, and one-handed living after hand, wrist or elbow surgery. Open → 手部治疗基础 What to expect from hand therapy, how often you'll go, and what good rehab looks like. Open → 护理您的疤痕 Massage, silicone, sun protection and the 12-month timeline for surgical scars to soften and fade. Open → 术后便秘与肠道护理 Why constipation is common after surgery (especially with strong painkillers) and how to prevent and manage it. Open → 术后疼痛管理 What pain to expect, how to use pain relief well, and when to call. Open → 术后肿胀和抬高 Why a hand or arm swells after surgery, how elevation and gentle movement control it, and when swelling is a warning sign. Open → 术后飞行与旅行 Clot risk, cast tightness at altitude, fitness to fly and the practicalities of travelling after upper-limb surgery. Open → 热敷与冷敷 When ice helps, when heat helps, and how to use either safely on the upper limb. Open → 睡眠、疼痛与康复 How sleep and pain affect each other, why surgery and shoulder problems disturb sleep, and what helps you rest and recover. Open → 肩关节手术后的日常生活 Washing, dressing, sleeping and managing day-to-day with the operated arm in a sling after shoulder surgery. Open → 肩部和手臂手术后何时可以安全且合法地驾驶？ After most shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair, you usually cannot drive for about six weeks, and not while your arm is in a sling. When it is safe and legal to get back to the wheel after hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder surgery. Open → 重返工作岗位 When you can return to desk, light, and heavy work after upper-limb surgery. Open → 重返运动 Phased return to sport after upper-limb surgery, and when contact sport is safe again. Open →

Explore 肩关节 in the evidence explorer →