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碳素纤维关节置换术

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Updated Aug 2026
图中展示的是在患有骨关节炎的手指或拇指关节中植入的碳质假体。
用于覆盖关节炎关节的碳植入物。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

本页展示了罗克汉普顿 Mater 私人医院上肢外科医生 Kieran Hirpara 医生在门诊中对此类手术的处理方式。通常在保守治疗未能带来足够改善后,我们才会建议进行此手术。您很可能是通过全科医生或物理治疗师的转介来到我们这里的。我们会评估您的病史和影像学资料以确诊。

该手术涉及在拇指基底放置一个间隔物。它通常用于对休息、夹板固定或物理治疗无反应的早期磨损性关节炎。当完全切除骨骼被认为破坏性过大,或全关节置换被认为过于广泛时,也会考虑此手术。主要益处是缓解疼痛并改善活动度。研究表明,在至少 8 年的随访中,植入物具有良好耐久性。我们的目标是在稳定关节的同时,保留拇指长度和关键捏力。

手术前

请在手术前禁食六小时。仅在您的外科医生建议后停用抗凝药物。安排回家交通,并携带您当前服用的药物清单。穿着舒适、宽松的衣物。您可能需要拍摄X光片以检查关节,进行血液检查以确保您适合接受麻醉,并进行麻醉评估以讨论疼痛控制方案。我们采用开放手术方式,在拇指根部做一个单一切口。这可以直接进入关节。请遵循我们团队提供的所有关于术前准备的具体指示。这些步骤有助于确保您的手术安全、顺利进行。

手术当天

您抵达医院后,由我们的护理团队办理入院手续。您的主刀医生会在您与麻醉医生见面前核对您的相关信息。本手术将在全身麻醉下进行,您在手术过程中将完全处于睡眠状态。部分患者可能还会接受区域神经阻滞以缓解术后疼痛——麻醉医生将根据您的具体情况在手术当天决定是否需要。

随后,您将被送入手术室。我们采用开放入路,在手术部位做一个常规的单一切口进行手术。这种方法可以直接进入关节,无需使用复杂的内镜或额外工具。手术完成后,您将被送往恢复室。我们的团队会密切监测您苏醒的过程。您将在此处休息,直到生命体征稳定并准备好由陪护人员陪同出院。

手术过程

您的外科医生会在拇指根部做一个切口。通过这个切口,他们会小心地切除部分大多角骨。这块小骨位于拇指根部,也是关节炎引起您疼痛的部位。通过切除这块磨损的部分,我们为植入物腾出空间。

随后,我们将一块热解碳垫片放入该空间。这种柔软、有弹性的植入物就像在您拇指骨骼之间的缓冲垫。它有助于保持拇指关节的稳定,同时允许其更自由地活动。这种方法旨在保留拇指的自然长度,并维持您的对掌捏力。

垫片放置到位后,您的外科医生会用缝线缝合切口。随后施加敷料以保护该区域,使其开始愈合。该手术为早期磨损性关节炎患者提供了一种折中方案,这些患者尚未通过非手术治疗获得缓解。它避免了切除整块骨头(一些患者认为此举过于激进),同时提供了比简单手术更多的活动度。

术后

您将在复苏室苏醒,手部包裹着软性敷料并佩戴悬吊带。我们使用标准药物控制疼痛,以确保您的舒适。大多数患者术后需住院一晚,但部分患者可当天出院。请确保在术后24小时内有人陪同,以帮助您休息。您的拇指将用夹板固定4至6周。佩戴此夹板期间严禁驾驶,因其会影响对方向盘的安全握持。待夹板拆除且您的外科医生许可后,方可恢复驾驶。更多详情,请参阅上肢手术后驾驶

恢复

在最初几天,您可能会经历一些疼痛和肿胀。这是正常现象。我们通过药物以及抬高患手来管理这些症状。随着肿胀消退,您会感到不适逐渐减轻。

我们使用拇指人字夹板(thumb spica splint)来保护您的手部。您必须佩戴该夹板四至六周。佩戴夹板期间请勿驾驶。因为这会影响您安全握住方向盘的能力。在拆除夹板且您的外科医生允许后,您可以恢复驾驶。了解更多关于上肢手术后的驾驶信息

您的康复过程包括在 Extend Rehabilitation 由 Ruby Doolan 指导的温和手部治疗。这些练习有助于恢复活动度和力量。您将从在家进行简单的动作开始。随着拇指活动更加自如,您可以恢复日常活动。我们保留了您的关键捏力(key pinch strength),以便您能够重新抓握物体。

您的恢复时间可能有所不同;您的外科医生和物理治疗师将为您提供指导。

可能发生的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现并发症。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您,以便尽早发现任何问题。

如果您拇指基底的小关节存在磨损性关节炎,则在进行高负荷活动时需谨慎。这包括网球等运动,这类运动要求您在手腕背伸时向下施力。这些动作会对关节造成巨大应力。如果您计划继续进行此类活动,则此手术可能不适合您。强行忍痛进行此类活动可能导致严重不适,并可能损伤修复部位。

如果在尝试打网球或执行类似任务时感到剧烈疼痛或不稳定,请立即停止。切勿强行忍痛。请联系您的外科医生团队,讨论这些活动是否适合您当前的特定恢复阶段。他们可以就何时安全地重返高冲击性运动或是否需要永久修改您的日常活动提供建议。

本页的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率,如需具体数据请查阅。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或渗出,或突发剧烈疼痛,请立即联系我们。若发现小腿肿胀、呼吸困难、感觉丧失或肢体无法活动,请立即前往急诊。这些症状需要紧急评估。我们致力于在您的康复过程中确保您的安全。如出现上述任何症状,请立即联系我们的诊所。


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