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大麻与CBD用于疼痛

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What the evidence does and doesn't show for cannabis and CBD in musculoskeletal pain, and practical and safety considerations.

大麻叶。
关于大麻和CBD在肌肉骨骼疼痛中的应用,咨询日益增多;然而,相关证据和法规仍在不断发展中。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

什么是大麻二酚(CBD)

大麻二酚(CBD)是存在于大麻中的一种非精神活性化合物。它常作为术后多模式疼痛管理计划的一部分使用。例如,针对关节镜下肩袖修复术的研究显示,与安慰剂相比,使用 CBD 并不会导致患者在一年随访时报告的结果或功能恢复出现缺陷。经颊吸收的 CBD 在减少此类手术后的即时疼痛方面也显示出前景。

您可以考虑使用医用大麻来治疗慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛或神经病理性疼痛。周围神经病变是导致疼痛、麻木或刺痛感的神经损伤。基于大麻的药物适用于治疗这种情况。脊柱疼痛患者估计,医用大麻可以缓解他们一半以上的疼痛。三分之一的脊柱疼痛患者已经在服用医用大麻。此外,79% 的这些患者认为大麻可以减少阿片类药物的使用。

手部及上肢不适患者对医用大麻的兴趣也很高。该群体中的大多数患者会考虑使用医用大麻(80.9%)。他们认为这是治疗常见骨科疾病的一种安全治疗方案。大量患有拇指腕掌关节骨关节炎的患者有兴趣尝试口服或外用制剂。然而,成本被许多患者确定为使用的主要障碍。

尽管骨科运动医学领域的多数调查受访者认为 CBD 在术后和慢性疼痛管理中发挥作用,但针对手部和上肢疾病的明确结论仍需进一步研究。规律使用大麻可能与全关节置换术中阿片类药物总用量的增加有关。有明确大麻依赖史的患者在手部和手腕软组织手术后出现伤口并发症的风险更高。您的医生可以帮助您权衡这些因素。

它有效吗?

答案取决于您的具体病情以及您接受的手术类型。对于某些手术,大麻产品显示出前景。而对于其他手术,它们并未提供明确的益处,甚至可能引发问题。

如果您接受的是关节镜下肩袖修复术,最近的证据表明,使用大麻二酚(CBD)是安全的。与安慰剂相比,它在术后1年随访时不会导致患者报告结局或功能恢复方面的缺陷。事实上,颊黏膜吸收的CBD在减少该手术后即刻围手术期疼痛方面显示出显著前景。您的医生可能会考虑将其加入您的术后多模式镇痛方案中,且不会产生长期的有害影响。

然而,对于其他病症,证据并不一致。对于创伤性臂丛神经损伤患者,与大麻相关的药物在改善疼痛或睡眠质量方面,与安慰剂相比并未提供临床改善。作为此类神经损伤标准药物治疗的附加疗法,使用它并无临床重要的益处。

您对关节置换术的期望也应切合实际。在全关节成形术的背景下,常规使用大麻可能与阿片类药物使用量增加有关。全关节成形术后使用大麻与风险增加有关。虽然合成形式的大麻素(THC)似乎不会限制初次全膝关节置换术后的阿片类药物摄入量,但仍需更高级别的研究来全面了解其影响。目前无法基于这些关联提出具体的指导建议。

许多患者对其潜力持信念。患者估计,医用大麻可以治疗其超过一半的脊柱疼痛。三分之一的脊柱疼痛患者已经使用医用大麻。79%的脊柱疼痛患者认为大麻可以减少阿片类药物的使用。在手部和上肢护理中,大多数患者会考虑使用医用大麻,并且大量拇指腕掌关节骨关节炎患者有兴趣尝试使用它。

尽管存在这种兴趣,但在因手部和上肢主诉就诊的患者中,成本被确定为使用医用大麻的主要障碍。您应与医生公开讨论这些混合结果,以确定它是否是您康复计划中安全且适当的一部分。

这是否适合您?

许多患者发现大麻对特定类型的疼痛有帮助。如果您患有肢体神经性疼痛或拇指关节的退行性关节炎,大麻可能是一个不错的选择。大多数脊柱疼痛患者认为大麻可能有所帮助,且许多人已经在使用的。事实上,79% 的脊柱疼痛患者认为大麻可能降低他们对阿片类止痛药的需求。如果您患有手部或上臂问题,80.9% 像您这样的患者会考虑尝试医用大麻。大多数患者认为这是解决这些常见问题的安全选择。

对于关节置换术,情况则较为复杂。在髋关节或膝关节置换术后使用大麻似乎不会改变最终的手术效果。然而,长期使用可能会导致在这些手术后使用更多的阿片类药物。这就是为什么您的医生无法就重大关节手术期间使用大麻给出简单的建议。需要更多的研究来为这些手术提供明确的建议。

成本是许多考虑这种治疗的患者面临的主要障碍。可用性因地点和法律而异。由于证据仍在增长,特别是关于关节置换术方面,这应该与您的医生共同决定。他们可以帮助您权衡潜在的益处与风险和成本。对于像肩袖修复这样的微创手术,大麻二酚(CBD)似乎是安全的,并不会损害您一年后的恢复。在开始任何新治疗之前,请务必与您的医疗团队沟通。

结论

在肩袖修复术后,您可以将大麻二酚(CBD)纳入您的疼痛管理计划。它未显示有长期危害,且可能有助于缓解即时疼痛。对于脊柱或手部疼痛,许多患者使用它来管理症状或减少阿片类药物的使用。然而,长期使用大麻可能会增加关节置换术后对阿片类药物的需求。您的医生将指导您关于安全性、费用以及它是否适合您的具体手术。


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