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睡眠、疼痛与康复

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为什么上肢手术后睡眠会受到影响,不同手术的预期情况,以及帮助您在康复期间休息的实用步骤。

一幅手绘插图,描绘了一个无脸的人在床上安详地睡觉。
睡眠、疼痛与康复 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

睡眠不佳是上肢手术后恢复过程中最常见且最被低估的问题之一。疼痛、手臂无法找到舒适的姿势以及吊带的存在都会影响良好的夜间休息。令人欣慰的是,这种情况是暂时的,遵循相对可预测的模式,并且有许多方法可以帮助改善。

预期情况

睡眠往往在好转前会先短暂恶化,具体时间点取决于您的手术类型。

  • 肩袖修复术后,睡眠通常在术后两周左右达到最差状态,此时肩部压痛最为明显。大多数患者在术后约六周时睡眠可恢复至术前水平,且睡眠干扰在三个月内基本缓解。
  • 肩关节置换术后,需了解大多数患者在术前也存在睡眠不佳的情况;患有肩关节关节炎的患者中,绝大多数均受睡眠障碍影响。改善是真实但渐进的:预计前六周变化不大,随后稳步提升。
  • 腕管松解术后,睡眠通常是首批得到改善的方面之一。典型的夜间因手部麻木、疼痛而醒来的情况,通常在术后一两周内缓解,对许多人而言,这是手术最显著的益处。
  • 手部及其他小型手术后,前几晚出现搏动性疼痛属正常现象,随着伤口愈合,症状通常会迅速缓解。

无论接受何种手术,总体模式一致:术后前两周最为困难,至六周时明显改善。

为什么术后睡眠更困难

有几个因素叠加在一起:

  • 平躺会增加刚手术过的肢体的压力,因此 夜间疼痛和搏动性疼痛往往比白天更严重。
  • 您无法采取平时的睡姿。 睡在手术侧会感到不适或被禁止,侧睡者尤其需要时间适应。
  • 吊带保护手臂,但使翻身和安顿下来变得别扭。
  • 疼痛会唤醒您,而睡眠不足会使第二天的疼痛感加剧。 很容易陷入恶性循环;以下步骤旨在打破这一循环。

什么有帮助

体位

  • 肩关节手术后,许多患者在垫高身体后睡眠质量会显著提高:在最初的两周内,可使用躺椅,或在背部和头部后方垫上楔形枕头。平躺往往会加重肩部疼痛。
  • 用枕头支撑手术侧的手臂,避免其下垂或拖拽。
  • 严格按照医嘱在夜间佩戴悬吊带(见 佩戴悬吊带)。这有助于保护修复部位,并防止您翻身压到手术侧。

睡前控制疼痛

  • 按时服用常规止痛药,确保在您躺下前药物已起效,而不是等到疼痛将您痛醒后再服药(见 术后疼痛管理)。
  • 在最初的一到两周内,睡前服用一片突破性止痛药通常就足够了。
  • 晚间进行冰敷和抬高患肢有助于减轻肿胀和夜间疼痛(见 热敷与冷敷)。

睡眠习惯

  • 保持规律的就寝时间和起床时间,即使您待在家中且活动量减少。
  • 午后避免摄入咖啡因,睡前一小时避免使用电子屏幕。
  • 黑暗、凉爽、安静的房间以及简短的放松程序确实有帮助。

药物与睡眠

大多数睡眠障碍的最佳治疗方法是控制疼痛,而非使用安眠药。我们尽量避免常规使用镇静剂,因为它们会迅速失效,且与强效止痛药合用存在风险。

对于部分肩关节患者,我们可能会建议在最初几周服用褪黑素;有合理证据表明,褪黑素可改善关节镜下肩袖手术后的早期睡眠,且其作用温和。如果您认为褪黑素可能对您有帮助,请咨询我们。

如果尽管采取了上述措施,您仍严重受困于睡眠问题,请告知我们,而不要自行服用非处方安眠药;我们更倾向于首先评估您的疼痛控制情况。

如果您患有睡眠呼吸暂停

如果您使用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)机器,或已被诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停,请在手术前告知我们及麻醉医师,并将您的机器带至医院。肩关节置换术后,睡眠呼吸暂停患者短期内科并发症的发生率略高,但关节本身的长期结果并无差异。手术前后的良好管理是关键。

何时联系我们

  • 在最初几天后,疼痛非但没有好转反而加重, 或您的药物无法控制疼痛
  • 突然出现的剧烈新发疼痛
  • 伤口越来越红、发热、肿胀或渗出
  • 发热或感觉全身不适
  • 小腿疼痛或肿胀、胸痛或呼吸困难:请前往急诊科

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