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肽疗法在肌肉骨骼医学中的应用

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Injectable and regenerative peptide therapies in orthopaedics and sports medicine — what the evidence shows for tendon, cartilage and bone healing, and where the hype outpaces the data.

小瓶旁边的肽分子链。
肽疗法在促进愈合和恢复方面被大力推广；其在肌肉骨骼系统应用中的证据有限。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译，尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

什么是注射用肽疗法

注射用肽疗法利用小分子蛋白质片段帮助身体修复受损组织。这些肽被设计为与您的细胞相互作用，以促进修复。目前，它们正在骨科和运动医学领域的应用研究中。这包括肌腱撕裂、软骨损伤和软组织疼痛等问题。

科学仍在发展中。目前尚无足够的证据支持其在这些领域的常规临床应用。例如，尽管一些动物研究显示肌腱或软骨愈合具有潜力，但对于某些肽（如 BPC-157），尚无针对人类患者的随机对照试验。由于缺乏人类数据，专家不建议将 BPC-157 用于提升运动表现或促进恢复。其对于一般运动增强的整体安全性和有效性仍不清楚。

然而，一些特定的治疗显示出早期的获益迹象。一种名为 EGYFIL 的疗法在治疗软组织疼痛和僵硬方面显示出安全性。患者通常在首次应用后 3 小时内即可感到疼痛和僵硬得到缓解。这种缓解在标准的 3 天治疗期间持续存在。其他方法，例如使用自组装肽支架，正在研究中，旨在改善微骨折等手术后的愈合。这些方法旨在为您的身体自然修复过程创造一个支持性环境。您的医生可以讨论这些新兴方案是否适合您的具体情况。

它有效吗？

简短的回答是，我们目前还没有足够的高质量人体试验来证明这些疗法对大多数病症有效。目前的证据大多来自动物研究或小型实验室测试。这意味着您的医生无法承诺注射肽类疗法的具体效果。BPC-157 在人体中尚无随机对照试验。科学证据尚不足以确定其在运动恢复中的安全性和有效性。因此，我们不推荐使用 BPC-157 来提升运动表现或加速愈合。

一些特定的疗法在早期研究中显示出前景。例如，含有透明质酸和肽类的外用乳膏已用于软组织疼痛的测试。它看起来是安全的，并能减轻疼痛和僵硬。您可能在首次涂抹后三小时内就能感受到这种缓解。这种益处会在为期三天的治疗过程中持续存在。其他动物实验表明，某些肽类可以帮助肌腱愈合得更强或保护神经纤维。然而，这些结果尚未在人体中得到证实具有相同的效果。

对于目前这些疗法能做什么，保持现实的态度非常重要。虽然一些动物研究显示愈合改善或炎症减轻，但另一些则显示完全没有功能恢复。我们必须区分实验室成功与临床获益。在更大规模、更严谨的人体研究完成之前，这些选项对于许多骨科病症而言仍属于实验性治疗。您的医生会讨论是否有任何特定的肽类疗法适合您的具体情况，但请理解，证据基础仍在不断发展中，尚未达到普遍使用的确定性标准。

这是否适合您？

肽疗法目前尚未成为大多数骨科或运动损伤的标准治疗方法。现有证据不支持其常规临床应用。大多数研究结果来自动物实验，如大鼠或马，而非人类。例如，尽管某些肽在大鼠肌腱或马软骨中改善了愈合情况，但尚无在人体中测试 BPC-157 的随机对照试验。科学家尚无法确认其在提升运动表现方面是否安全有效。您的医生不建议使用 BPC-157 来提升运动表现或促进恢复。

然而，某些特定选项在缓解症状方面显示出前景。例如，EGYFIL 用于治疗软组织疼痛和僵硬是安全的。它可在首次应用后三小时内迅速减轻您的不适。这种缓解效果将持续整个三天治疗期。其他方法，如自组装肽水凝胶，正在研究中，以帮助微骨折手术后的软骨愈合。这些方法可能会改善关节缺损的症状，尽管改善的确切原因各不相同。

您应将其视为与医生共同做出的决定。向医生询问缺乏长期人类数据的情况。请注意，即使某些实验性治疗在实验室环境中保留了神经结构，也可能无法实现功能恢复。由于这些疗法往往尚未完全确立，其费用和可用性差异很大。在继续之前，请确保您了解哪些是已证实的，哪些仍是实验性的。

结论

目前，注射用肽类疗法缺乏强有力的临床证据支持其在骨科中的应用。虽然某些外用乳膏（如EGYFIL）可在3小时内减轻疼痛和僵硬，但大多数令人鼓舞的结果来自动物研究，尚未转化为人类临床实践。您不应期望这些治疗能可靠地提升运动表现或加速恢复。您的医生将依赖经过验证的治疗方法，而非未经证实的注射用肽类疗法来促进您的康复。

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 12 June 2026.

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Evidence & references

Overview

  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers must understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of injectable peptide therapies, despite their potential therapeutic and regenerative benefits [1].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [2].
  • Functionalized self-assembled peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [3].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD (self-assembling peptide) or only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [4].
  • The improvement in clinical symptoms from treating defects with only KLD or only microfracture likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment [4].
  • The literature on injuries involving artificial turf is suitable for qualitative analysis only due to vast heterogeneity in factors such as level of play, sex, and definition of injury [5].
  • The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating its use in human subjects [7].
  • The science is clearly lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for BPC-157 use in sports enhancement in athletes [7].
  • The critical reader uses figures in publications to guide the interpretation of study findings that are described in the text [8].
  • EGYFIL, a topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients already after 3 hours from the first application [9].

How It Works

  • Injectable peptide therapy possesses significant therapeutic and regenerative potential [1].
  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers currently lack sufficient evidence to support the clinical use of peptide therapies [1].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [2].
  • Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [3].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD self-assembling peptide or only microfracture results in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [4].
  • The improvement in clinical symptoms from KLD or microfracture treatment likely results from different causes depending on the specific treatment [4].
  • There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the use of BPC-157 in human subjects [7].
  • The science is lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for BPC-157 use in sports enhancement in athletes [7].
  • The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery [7].
  • EGYFIL, a topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients during a 3-day treatment period [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness already after 3 hours from the first application [9].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation [10].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting functional stability [10].
  • GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • GHRP-2 administration enhanced histologic tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • GHRP-2 administration enhanced biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • Axon preservation and minimal inflammation were observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel [12].
  • Locomotor functional recovery was not observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel [12].
  • The designed intervention of BDNF-incorporated hydrogel indicates potentiality for further evaluations in developing efficient therapies for severe spinal cord injury [12].

What the Evidence Shows

  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers must understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of injectable peptide therapies [1].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [2].
  • Functionalized self-assembled peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [3].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD (self-assembling peptide) or only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [4].
  • The improvement in clinical symptoms from KLD or microfracture alone likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment [4].
  • Injectable therapeutic peptides are not recommended for sports performance and recovery because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating their use in human subjects [7].
  • The science is lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for peptide use in sports enhancement in athletes [7].
  • EGYFIL, a topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness already after 3 hours from the first application [9].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability in a rat rotator cuff tear model [10].
  • GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • GHRP-2 administration enhanced histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • Axon preservation and minimal inflammation were observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel [12].
  • Locomotor functional recovery was not observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel [12].

Practical Considerations

  • Orthopaedic and sports medicine providers must understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of injectable peptide therapies [1].
  • There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the use of BPC-157 in human subjects [7].
  • The science is lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for BPC-157 in sports enhancement in athletes [7].
  • The use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery is not recommended [7].
  • Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [2].
  • Functionalized self-assembled peptides promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [3].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD (self-assembling peptide) resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [4].
  • Treatment of trochlear defects with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [4].
  • The improvement in clinical symptoms from KLD or microfracture treatment likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment [4].
  • EGYFIL, a topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment [9].
  • EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients already after 3 hours from the first application [9].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation [10].
  • BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting functional stability [10].
  • GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • GHRP-2 administration enhanced histologic tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].
  • GHRP-2 administration enhanced biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [11].

Key Evidence

  • [L5] While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides. [1] (10.1177/03635465251357593)
  • [L5] Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those presented in this study, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes. [2] (10.1177/03635465211021798)
  • [L5] The functionalized self-assembled peptide promotes the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. [3] (10.1186/s13018-022-03102-8)
  • [L5] Treatment of defects with only KLD or with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment; the improvement likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment. [4] (10.2106/jbjs.m.01408)
  • [L4] The authors argue that the literature on injuries involving artificial turf is suitable for qualitative analysis only due to vast heterogeneity in factors such as level of play, sex, and definition of injury. [5] (10.1177/03635465231210186)
  • [L5] The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating its use in human subjects, and the science is clearly lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for sports enhancement in athletes. [7] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005)
  • [L5] The critical reader uses figures in publications to guide the interpretation of study findings that are described in the text. [8] (10.1177/03635465241259467)
  • [L4] EGYFIL is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment, already after 3 h from the first application. [9] (10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y)
  • [L5] BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability. [10] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003)
  • [L5] GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model. [11] (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094)
  • [L5] Although locomotor functional recovery was not observed, axon preservation and minimal inflammation in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated hydrogel indicate the potentiality of the designed intervention for further evaluations in the path of developing efficient therapies for severe spinal cord injury. [12] (10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.027)

References

[1] Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251357593 [2] Microfracture Augmentation With Trypsin Pretreatment and Growth Factor–Functionalized Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold in an Equine Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021798 [3] Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03102-8 [4] Effects of the Combination of Microfracture and Self-Assembling Peptide Filling on the Repair of a Clinically Relevant Trochlear Defect in an Equine Model. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01408 [5] Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Playing Surfaces: Response. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/03635465231210186 [7] Injectable Therapeutic Peptides—An Adjunct to Regenerative Medicine and Sports Performance?. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005 [8] The Critical Reader: Visualizing Data. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/03635465241259467 [9] A pre-market interventional, single-arm clinical investigation of a new topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, EGYFILTM, for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y [10] Effects of BMP-7 and Low Molecular Weight Peptide Solution on Healing in a Rotator Cuff Tear Model: A Histopathological and Biomechanical Study in Rats. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003 [11] Growth Hormone–Releasing Peptide 2 May Be Associated With Decreased M1 Macrophage Production and Increased Histologic and Biomechanical Tendon‐Bone Healing Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Tear Model. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094 [12] Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel as an injectable scaffold for BDNF delivery can improve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Injury. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.027

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c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

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