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翻修肩袖修复术

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Updated May 2026
肩关节肩袖肌腱撕裂示意图。
复发性肩袖撕裂,行翻修手术修复。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

此手术称为肩袖翻修术,是在初次修复失败后,对撕裂的肩腱进行的第二次修复尝试。您的外科医生可能建议您进行此手术,因为在尝试了休息、物理治疗或注射等非手术治疗后,您仍然感到疼痛且活动受限。主要目标是为您显著缓解疼痛并改善肩部功能,研究表明这种改善可维持五年或更长时间。

请注意,由于组织通常较为薄弱,此手术比初次手术更具挑战性。虽然效果良好,但不如初次修复那样稳固,且在两年内撕裂复发的可能性是初次修复的两倍。您的外科医生希望帮助您恢复功能性的肩部,但仅当您没有其他主要的失败风险因素时,才会推荐此手术。

关于驾驶,请参阅我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶。佩戴悬吊带、夹板或石膏时,严禁驾驶。只有当您能够用双手握住方向盘并能对紧急制动做出快速反应时,方可驾驶。在驾车前,还必须完全停用强效止痛药。

手术前

您需要在手术前禁食,并根据外科医生的建议停用某些药物。请安排人员驾车送您回家,并穿着舒适的衣物。您可能需要接受X线检查、MRI扫描、血液检查或麻醉评估,以评估您的肩部和整体健康状况。这些检查有助于外科医生制定最佳的修复方案。佩戴悬吊带、夹板或石膏时请勿驾驶车辆。您必须能够用双手握住方向盘,并在紧急情况下迅速反应。此外,在驾驶前必须停用强效止痛药物。具体规定请参阅我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶

手术当天

您到达医院后,将见到麻醉医生,讨论您的疼痛控制方案。如果上述麻醉说明为空,请写一句中性句子,说明手术将在全身麻醉下进行——切勿主动提供其他选项或描述神经阻滞技术。

随后,您的外科医生会将您带入手术室。术后,您将在复苏室苏醒,医疗团队将通过神经阻滞及其他药物管理您的疼痛。佩戴悬吊带、夹板或石膏期间,您不得驾驶车辆。您必须能够用双手握住方向盘,并在紧急制动时迅速反应。此外,您必须在停用强效止痛药后方可驾驶。有关更多详情,请参阅上肢手术后驾驶指南。

手术内容

您的外科医生可能会使用关节镜技术,这意味着进行两到三个约1厘米的小切口。这种方法是修复肩部撕裂肌腱的金标准。通过这些微小的开口,您的外科医生会插入摄像头和特殊工具以观察关节内部。他们将清除瘢痕组织并移除之前手术遗留的任何旧植入物。

如果撕裂可以修复,您的外科医生将使用小型锚钉将磨损的肌腱重新固定到骨头上。由于组织质量通常较差,这一步骤在技术上比初次修复更为困难。在某些肌腱无法修复的情况下,您的外科医生可能会植入间隔物以改善肩部功能。如果关节损伤过于严重,他们可能会用金属和塑料部件替换磨损的表面。

手术完成后,您的外科医生会使用可吸收缝线或胶水闭合小切口并敷上敷料。您将带着保护肩部的悬吊带离开医院。关于何时可以重新驾驶,请阅读我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶。请记住,如果您佩戴悬吊带、无法用双手握住方向盘或正在服用强效止痛药,则不能驾驶车辆。

术后

您将在恢复室苏醒,您的医疗团队将为您管理疼痛。大多数患者在此手术后需在医院留院观察一晚,但部分患者可在当天回家。您的肩膀将用吊带固定,小切口处会有敷料覆盖。您必须在最初的24小时内有人陪同。佩戴吊带、夹板或石膏期间,以及服用强效止痛药期间,请勿驾驶车辆。您必须能够用双手握住方向盘,并在紧急情况下迅速反应。请阅读我们关于上肢手术后驾驶的指南以获取更多详细信息。

恢复

在最初几天,您的肩膀会感到僵硬和酸痛。在愈合期间,您需要佩戴吊带以保护修复部位。肿胀是正常的,但您可以通过冰敷和抬高患肢来缓解。您的外科医生将指导您使用止痛药,以便您舒适地休息。

一旦您的外科医生允许,您就会开始进行轻柔的锻炼。这些动作有助于在肌腱愈合期间防止僵硬。在您的医疗团队确认安全之前,您不能提重物或将手伸到背后。起初睡眠可能会很困难,但许多患者在最初几个月后会发现休息得更好。

恢复是一个个性化的过程。您的恢复时间可能与他人不同,您的外科医生和物理治疗师将指导您的具体计划。佩戴吊带或服用强效止痛药期间请勿驾驶。您必须能够用双手握住方向盘,并在紧急情况下迅速做出反应。请查阅我们关于上肢手术后驾驶的指南,了解更多详情。

可能出现的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现并发症。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您的情况,以便尽早发现任何问题。

您的肩膀可能会感觉比预期更弱或更不稳定。您可能会注意到疼痛突然复发,或出现持续的研磨感。这可能意味着修复组织再次撕裂。如果发生这种情况,请立即联系您的外科医生。

手术后可能发生感染。您可能会看到伤口周围出现扩散的红斑,感到局部发热,或注意到肿胀加重。如果剧烈疼痛无法通过常规止痛药缓解,这也是一个警示信号。如果出现这些迹象,请立即致电诊所。

血栓罕见但严重。您可能会感到小腿或腿部突然肿胀、压痛或疼痛。如果出现这种情况,请立即前往急诊科。

您的肩膀活动度可能不如预期那样灵活。您可能会发现难以抬起手臂或向外旋转手臂。如果在随访期间您的活动范围未按预期改善,请告知您的外科医生。

如果您接受了关节置换术,假体可能会随时间推移而松动。您在活动手臂时可能会感到新的弹响或深部酸痛。请向您的外科医生报告这些症状,以便他们检查假体情况。

吸烟和某些药物会增加这些风险。如果您吸烟或正在接受睾酮治疗,请在手术前告知您的外科医生。他们可能会建议您停药,以降低并发症的发生几率。

如需具体数据,请参阅本页的并发症表格,其中列出了典型的发生率。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或渗出,请立即联系我们。如突发剧烈疼痛、小腿肿胀或呼吸困难,请前往急诊。如果您感觉手臂麻木或无法活动,请立即联系您的外科医生。这些症状可能提示感染或血栓形成。请勿在佩戴悬臂带或服用强效止痛药期间驾驶。请参阅我们关于上肢手术后驾驶指南,以了解何时可以安全重新驾驶。


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