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肩关节手术后的日常生活

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在手术手臂佩戴吊带休息期间,实用且单手即可完成洗漱、穿衣、睡眠及度过一天的方法。

一只手臂佩戴吊带的人单手扣衬衫纽扣。
日常护理中,将手术侧手臂置于吊带内休息——前开襟衣物和单手技巧可使其更为便捷。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

肩关节手术后的最初几周,您的手臂需要佩戴吊带。 您的手部功能仍然正常(您可以抓握、书写和使用手机),但手臂本身需要保持支撑和休息状态。我们进行的修复需要时间在不受干扰的情况下愈合,这意味着在获得许可之前,手臂不得主动抬起、伸展或承重。好消息是,日常生活中几乎所有事情仍然可以单手完成,只需掌握一些技巧并稍作计划即可。本页是我们关于佩戴吊带指南(该指南介绍了吊带的佩戴方法及佩戴时长)的实用补充;本页内容侧重于如何度过每一天。

先坦诚地说:大多数人觉得最初几周最难熬,许多人在初期需要他人协助洗漱、穿衣以及完成一些家务。这完全正常且是暂时的,随着时间推移会逐渐缓解。提前安排一些帮助会起到切实的作用。

清洗与淋浴

关于清洗的好消息:您的敷料具有防水功能,因此您可以淋浴,让水花溅到敷料上:正常的淋浴即可。原则是溅水,不要擦洗或浸泡:不要用毛巾或海绵摩擦敷料,并避免洗澡、游泳或将肩部浸入水中,因为这可能会掀起敷料边缘,使水渗入敷料下方并接触伤口。让水流过敷料,然后轻拍(不要摩擦)该区域使其干燥。如果敷料边缘翘起或脱落,请保持原样并通知我们。许多人在最初几周会坐在淋浴凳上(这降低了您在失去平衡且单手操作时滑倒的风险)。

您通常可以在清洗时取下吊带,但原则是保持手臂静止并得到支撑,而不是使用它。让手臂靠在身体侧面或放在大腿上。如果您的外科医生已允许,您可以将身体轻轻前倾,让手臂从肩部自然垂下,利用重力而非自身肌肉,使手臂保持完全放松。切勿主动抬起或伸展手臂进行清洗。

手术侧的腋窝是难以处理的部位,因为您无法抬起手臂进入该区域。技巧是将上半身向另一侧倾斜,让手臂在自身重力作用下放松并轻轻向外漂移;这足以打开腋窝,以便用毛巾或湿巾清洁和干燥,并涂抹除臭剂。让重力发挥作用;不要耸肩来腾出空间。

头发和背部单手确实很难处理。长柄海绵有助于清洁背部。对于头发,俯身在盆上或请人帮忙是最简单的解决方案,持续一两周即可;不值得为了清洁而扭曲身体从而拉伤肩部。如果您愿意等待,干洗发喷雾可以过渡几天。

穿衣

在考虑吊带的前提下,为接下来的一周挑选衣物:

  • 宽松且前开襟。 纽扣衬衫、拉链前开襟上衣、开衫以及大袖口背心比任何紧身衣物都更容易穿脱。单手操作时,避免使用繁琐的小纽扣和钩扣。
  • 避免套头衣物。 必须从头顶套入的紧身T恤和毛衣会迫使肩部做出我们正试图避免的动作。
  • 先穿手术侧手臂,最后脱手术侧手臂。 在穿好侧手臂之前,先将休息中的手臂轻轻伸入袖口;脱衣时,先抽出好侧手臂。这样可以避免手术侧肩部因需要伸展以跟上节奏而受力。
  • 一脚蹬鞋。 单手系鞋带几乎不可能;一脚蹬鞋或魔术贴鞋能节省许多麻烦。弹性鞋带是为您已拥有的鞋子提供的廉价解决方案。

睡眠

睡眠往往是术后最初几周最困难的部分,也是最常见的困扰之一,但随着肩部逐渐恢复平静,情况会稳步改善。平躺会使手臂向后漂移并对肩部产生牵拉,因此大多数人半直立位睡眠会感觉好得多:例如使用躺椅,或在床上用多个枕头或背部楔形枕支撑。

以下几点能带来显著改善:

  • 支撑整条手臂。 在肘部和前臂下方垫一个枕头,防止其向下牵拉肩部;并在身体侧面放置一个枕头,以免在睡眠中翻向手术侧肩部。
  • 先控制疼痛。 许多人在睡前约半小时服用止痛药,以便躺下时药物已起效。
  • 注意吊带。 在吊带内穿一件薄背心或T恤,可防止吊带在夜间摩擦或磨损颈部。

关于睡眠时是否佩戴吊带以及佩戴时长,请参阅我们关于 佩戴吊带的单独指南。

饮食、烹饪及家务活动

几乎所有这些活动都可以用您的健侧手加上术侧的抓握手来完成;关键在于滑动和固定,而非提起:

  • 滑动:将沉重的锅具、盘子和水壶沿台面滑动,而不是搬运它们。只将水壶加水至您所需的量,以减轻重量。
  • 在碗或砧板下放置防滑垫,可以让一只手完成原本需要两只手的工作。简单的一手辅助工具(如开罐器、餐盘护边、摇柄餐具)价格低廉且确实有帮助。
  • 提前准备。 在手术前进行批量烹饪并储备一些简单的餐食,并将日常用品(马克杯、麦片、药物)移至台面高度,以便您无需伸展即可触及,这样可以消除许多日常麻烦。
  • 在繁重和笨拙的工作上寻求帮助: 装满的洗衣篮、购物、更换床上用品、任何需要双手配合并提起的物品。在这些事情上挣扎并不能证明什么;让肩部得以愈合。

保持手臂其余部分的活动

吊带仅用于固定肩部,而非整个手臂。除非另有医嘱,请轻柔且规律地活动允许活动的部位:

  • 手和手腕: 每小时数次张开并握紧手指,并做手腕环绕运动。这有助于保持关节灵活,并帮助消除肿胀。
  • 肘部: 如果外科医生允许,每天几次将手臂从吊带中取出,轻柔地伸直和弯曲肘关节(保持肩部静止),以防止肘部僵硬。
  • 姿势: 佩戴吊带的手臂周围很容易不自觉地采取保护性的驼背姿势。请坐直,不时轻柔地将肩胛骨向后收拢,并活动健康一侧的肩部,以缓解吊带通常引起的颈部和上背部紧张。

这些是一般原则;您个人的活动规则优先。 每种手术都有其特定的注意事项,因此如果我们的书面说明或您的物理治疗师关于您的肘部或肩部有不同的说法,请遵循该说明。

何时寻求帮助

大多数恢复过程是平稳的,但如果您注意到以下任何情况,请联系我们、您的全科医生(GP)或寻求紧急护理:

  • 疼痛加剧且无法控制:即您服用的处方止痛药无法缓解疼痛,或疼痛突然显著恶化。
  • 伤口问题:红肿扩散、发热、肿胀,或伤口有液体或脓液渗出,尤其是伴有发烧或身体不适感时。
  • 手指出现麻木、发冷、苍白或发紫,或肿胀紧绷:这可能意味着吊带或敷料过紧,或血液循环受到影响。请松开吊带并尽快寻求建议。
  • 腿部出现小腿疼痛、肿胀或发红,或突发呼吸困难或胸痛:这些可能提示血栓形成,需要紧急医疗处理。如出现突发呼吸困难或胸痛,请拨打 000。

如有疑问,最好主动咨询。我们宁愿您尽早联系我们,也不希望您等待和担忧。


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