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近端腕骨切除术

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A wrist salvage operation for an arthritic wrist (SLAC/SNAC) that keeps useful movement — how it works, recovery, and how it compares with fusion.

近端腕骨切除术后的腕关节X线片,显示头状骨与桡骨接触。
近端腕骨切除术后,腕骨的第一排被移除,头状骨直接与桡骨形成关节,从而保留有用的活动度。 Muzichick / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

近排腕骨切除术是一种腕部手术,外科医生会切除腕部近排的三个小骨。这将在剩余的大骨与前臂骨之间形成一个新的关节。如果非手术治疗未能给您带来足够的改善,外科医生可能会建议您进行此手术。该手术通常适用于具有特定磨损模式的患者,例如Kienböck病(月骨无菌性坏死)或导致不稳定的韧带撕裂。

该手术旨在在保留腕部活动度的同时提供无痛功能。证据表明,对于35岁以上的患者,这是一种可靠的长期缓解疼痛和维持满意握力的选择。它避免了多骨融合所带来的僵硬。虽然在某些情况下,与融合术相比,腕部力量可能略有减弱,但它提供了更好的灵活性。您的外科医生认为,对于您的特定腕部状况,这种在缓解疼痛与保持活动度之间的平衡是最佳的治疗路径。

手术前

请在手术前禁食八小时。仅在您的外科医生给出具体指示后,方可停用抗凝药物。请安排他人送您回家,因为您无法自行驾车。请携带所有当前用药清单,并穿着舒适、宽松的衣物。您需要接受术前检查,包括X线、MRI扫描和血液检查。这些检查有助于您的外科医生清晰观察腕骨,并确保您的身体已为麻醉做好准备。还可能安排麻醉评估,以讨论疼痛控制方案。请仔细遵循医疗团队的所有指示,以确保手术安全、顺利进行。

手术当天

您到达医院后,将与护理团队办理入院手续。您的主刀医生将前来核实您的信息。随后,您将会见麻醉师。本手术将在全身麻醉下进行。有时会辅以区域神经阻滞,以用于术后镇痛。麻醉师将在手术当天与您讨论这一方案。

您将被送往手术室。在手术过程中,您将进入睡眠状态。术后,您将在复苏室苏醒。医疗团队将监测您的舒适度及生命体征。根据您的护理计划,您将在该区域短暂休息,随后转入病房或出院回家。

手术内容

您的外科医生将切除腕骨近排的三块小骨。该手术称为近排腕骨切除术。这是一种保留运动功能的手术,旨在缓解疼痛的同时保持腕关节的灵活性。

手术可通过腕背侧(背侧)的单一切口进行,也可通过关节镜(钥匙孔)手术进行。关节镜手术使用小切口和摄像头。与开放手术相比,该入路可实现腕关节的快速活动。腕背侧的开放入路也允许早期康复,并获得良好的腕关节活动度恢复。

在腕关节内部,外科医生将切除舟骨、月骨和三角骨。这将改变腕关节的运动方式。近排腕骨切除术后,在所有测试的运动中,平均旋转点向近端移位 6.8 至 9.1 毫米。这种移位有助于在剩余关节间重新分布力量。

切除骨骼后,外科医生将缝合切口。近排腕骨切除术后无需术后固定。这意味着您可以在手术后不久开始活动腕关节,而无需使用石膏或夹板固定。

该手术常用于治疗 Kienböck 病(月骨无菌性坏死)或舟月韧带分离等情况。在某些情况下,如静态舟月分离,腕关节可能会变得僵硬和无力。然而,对于许多患者而言,这是一种在不融合骨骼的情况下维持功能的可靠方法。

术后

您将在恢复室苏醒。您的外科医生将采用标准方法管理您的疼痛。您必须在最初的24小时内由一名人员陪同。大多数患者在此手术后需住院一晚,尽管部分患者可在当天回家。您将佩戴敷料和腕部夹板。夹板通常在前两周佩戴,随后开始手部治疗,通过轻柔活动帮助您恢复腕关节活动度。保持伤口清洁干燥。注意观察感染迹象,如发红或肿胀。如果您对驾驶有疑问,请参阅我们关于上肢手术后驾驶的指南。您的外科医生将为您提供具体的护理计划指导。

恢复

手术后,您可能会感到一些疼痛和肿胀。这是正常的,因为您的手腕开始愈合。您的外科医生可能会建议您抬高手臂以帮助减轻肿胀。大多数患者发现,随着初期炎症的消退,不适感会显著减轻。本手术后,您无需佩戴石膏或支具进行固定。这使得您可以比某些其他手术更早开始活动手腕。

您将在物理治疗师指导下开始进行温和的锻炼以恢复活动度。如果通过小切口(关节镜)进行手术,您可能比开放手术更快地活动手腕。对于手腕背侧的开放入路,您也可以预期获得良好的手腕活动度恢复。这些早期活动有助于防止僵硬并保持关节灵活。随着活动度的恢复,您将逐渐增强力量。

日常活动将逐步恢复。您将从不需要用力抓握的简单任务开始。随着握力的改善,您可以逐渐恢复更具挑战性的活动。一旦您能够安全地握住方向盘并迅速做出反应,您的外科医生将允许您驾驶。您也可以查阅我们关于上肢手术后驾驶的指南,以了解通用的安全规则。您的恢复时间表可能有所不同;您的外科医生和物理治疗师将指导您完成每一步。

可能发生的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现一些问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您,以便尽早发现任何异常。

您可能会感到手腕僵硬且较术前无力。当手术针对腕部两块小骨之间的韧带撕裂时,这种情况很常见。您的手腕活动度可能不如以前灵活,但您很可能恢复良好的活动范围。

在某些情况下,腕部中间的骨骼可能会随时间推移逐渐塌陷。即使您没有感到疼痛,这种情况也可能发生。您可能直到后续复查时才会注意到这一变化。您的外科医生会在您的康复随访中对此进行监测。

如果您接受的是关节镜手术,与开放手术相比,您可能能够更快地活动手腕。术后通常无需将手腕固定在石膏或夹板中。这使您可以更早开始活动。

部分患者会在靠近小指的手腕侧出现持续性疼痛。这可能是由于豌豆骨与其他结构摩擦所致。如果您感到这种深在的、持续的酸痛,请告知您的外科医生。他们可以检查是否存在骨性撞击。

手术后,您手腕的负重方式可能会发生改变。腕部的主要关节可能会承受比平时更大的负荷。这可能导致剩余骨骼承受更大的应力。在重度使用时,您可能会感到一般的酸痛或疲劳。

与其他手术相比,虽然您的手腕在屈伸活动方面可能有所改善,但在手向外旋转(桡偏)时,您的力量可能会减弱。您的握力也可能低于健侧手。这是为保留活动度而存在的已知权衡。

总体而言,与融合四块骨骼的手术相比,该手术的并发症风险较低。然而,您仍应了解这些潜在的变化。如果您想了解具体数据,本页的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或渗出,或突发剧烈疼痛,请立即联系我们。若发现小腿肿胀或呼吸困难,请前往急诊。如果您手部感觉丧失或无法活动手指,请立即联系您的主刀医生。这些症状需要紧急评估,以保护您的康复。


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