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腕掌关节切除术

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Updated Aug 2026
展示拇指基底在行大多角骨切除后的示意图,大多角骨已被移除,拇指由肌腱支撑。
腕掌关节切除成形术:切除磨损的舟状骨,并用肌腱支撑拇指。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

本页面反映了罗克汉普顿 Mater 私人医院上肢外科医生 Kieran Hirpara 医生在门诊中的诊疗思路。您需通过全科医生或物理治疗师转诊至我们的门诊。门诊评估用于明确诊断。对于退行性疾病,我们通常首先尝试非手术治疗。若非手术治疗未能带来足够改善,我们才会考虑手术。

梯形骨切除术通过切除拇指基底部的小骨头,以治疗磨损性关节炎。该手术可创造空间,使拇指骨头得以与腕骨接触。当疼痛和僵硬限制了您的日常活动时,我们推荐进行此手术。该手术旨在显著且持久地改善功能并缓解疼痛。

手术前

我们要求您在手术前禁食六小时。请按照您的外科医生的建议停止服用抗凝药物。安排回家交通并携带所有当前用药清单。您需要拍摄X光片以检查拇指关节,并进行血液检查以确保您适合接受麻醉。麻醉评估有助于我们规划您的舒适度。手术当天,请穿着宽松、舒适的衣物。您的外科医生将通过开放手术进行操作,在拇指基部做一个单一切口。这可以直接进入以去除磨损的骨头。保持手机电量充足,心态平静。我们将指导您完成每一步。

手术当天

本手术在全身麻醉下进行。您将在手术过程中完全入睡。部分患者可能还会接受区域神经阻滞以缓解术后疼痛——麻醉师将根据您当天的具体情况做出决定。

您需入院抵达医院。您将会见麻醉师,讨论您的护理计划。随后您将进入手术室。您的外科医生采用开放入路,在手术部位做一个常规的单一切口。术后您将在恢复室苏醒。我们将监测您的舒适度与生命体征稳定性。您可在麻醉药效消退期间休息。

手术过程

您的外科医生会在拇指根部做一个切口以到达关节。这种开放入路可以清晰地暴露大多角骨(trapezium),该骨位于拇指与手腕连接处的根部。大多角骨是一块小的立方体状骨骼,在拇指运动中起到支点作用。

暴露该区域后,您的外科医生将切除整个大多角骨。这被称为大多角骨全切除术。我们不进行部分切除,因为证据表明,在术后一年时,部分切除相比全切除并无优势。我们也不切除邻近的舟状骨(trapezoid bone),因为在使用肌腱悬吊技术时,不推荐切除该骨。

骨切除后,您的外科医生可能会使用来自前臂或手腕的一条肌腱来帮助稳定该空间。这条肌腱起到软垫或吊带的作用,在愈合过程中将您的拇指骨骼固定在舒适的位置。我们不使用临时金属线来固定骨骼,因为这一额外步骤的价值尚未得到证实。在此阶段,我们也不使用缝线纽扣固定装置,因为在将其视为标准实践之前,需要更多的数据支持。

最后,切口用缝线或钉合器关闭,并敷上敷料。该手术的重点是切除磨损的关节面,以缓解疼痛并改善功能。

术后

您将在复苏室苏醒,手部用吊带固定并覆盖保护性敷料。大多数患者术后需住院一晚,但部分患者可于同日出院。您的外科医生将采用标准方法管理您的疼痛。术后24小时内必须有人陪伴。我们采用开放入路,在手术部位做一个常规的单一切口。您需要佩戴拇指人字夹板4至6周。佩戴夹板期间请勿驾驶,因为它会影响您安全握住方向盘。待夹板拆除且您的外科医生允许后,方可恢复驾驶。参见上肢手术后的驾驶

恢复

在拇指腕掌关节切除术后数天至数周内,您可能会经历一些疼痛和肿胀。这是正常的,因为您的身体正在从拇指基底部的外科切口处愈合。我们通过处方药物以及尽可能将手抬高至心脏水平以上来管理这种不适。轻轻在患处敷冰袋也有助于减轻肿胀。

在前几周,您将佩戴拇指人字夹板以保护您的手。佩戴此夹板期间,您不得驾驶车辆,因为它会妨碍您安全地握住方向盘。您仍可使用另一只手进行日常活动,但我们建议避免用手术手进行提重物或用力抓握。夜间,建议仰卧或向非手术侧侧卧,以减轻肿胀。

随着肿胀消退且您的外科医生允许您取下夹板后,您将开始进行轻柔的活动度练习。术后手部康复治疗由 Extend Rehabilitation 的 Ruby Doolan 负责,她将指导您完成这些步骤。随着活动度的恢复,您将逐渐重新引入如书写或打字等轻度活动。康复里程碑基于您手部的感觉,例如当您能够无痛抓握时。您的恢复时间表可能有所不同;您的外科医生和物理治疗师将为您提供指导。

可能发生的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现一些问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您的情况,以便尽早发现任何问题。

如果您之前接受过拇指关节置换术但效果不佳,切除骨头并重新开始手术是一种已知的选择。这种二次手术通常能提供与初次手术相似的效果。您应经历一段愈合和康复期,但结果通常与初次手术相当。

有时,拇指可能会感觉僵硬或灵活性不如预期。您在活动拇指根部时可能会感觉到咔哒声或摩擦感。如果骨骼之间的空间在愈合过程中形状发生变化,可能会出现这种情况。如果这种不适感变得疼痛或限制了您的日常活动,请在下次复查时提出。我们可以讨论是否可以通过特定的锻炼来改善您的活动能力。

在极少数情况下,伤口可能无法按计划顺利愈合。您可能会看到切口周围出现红肿,或注意到肿胀和压痛增加。如果该区域摸起来发热或您出现发烧,这可能表明存在感染。如果您注意到这些迹象,请立即联系我们的诊所。早期干预有助于我们在问题恶化之前进行处理。

您还可能会经历持续性疼痛,且简单的止痛药无法缓解。虽然大多角骨切除术通常能带来显著的缓解,但有些人发现不适感持续的时间比预期更长。如果您的疼痛在初始愈合期后仍然严重或加重,请致电我们。我们可以评估这是否正常恢复过程的一部分,或者是否需要进一步检查。

本页面底部的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率,供您参考具体数据。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或分泌物增多,或突发剧烈疼痛,请立即联系我们。若发现小腿肿胀、呼吸困难、感觉丧失或肢体无法活动,请前往急诊。即使护理得当,仍可能发生并发症。我们希望帮助您安全康复。一旦出现上述任何症状,请立即联系我们的团队。


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