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腕掌关节切除术

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Updated May 2026
展示拇指基底在梯形骨切除后的示意图,梯形骨已被移除,拇指由肌腱支撑。
梯形骨切除术:移除磨损的梯形骨,并用肌腱支撑拇指。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

建议进行此手术的原因

骨切除手术是指您的外科医生移除导致疼痛的拇指基部小骨头,该疼痛源于磨损性关节炎。当非手术治疗(如夹板固定或非甾体抗炎药)未能提供足够缓解时,通常会建议进行此手术。您的外科医生可能已推荐此特定步骤,因为单纯移除该骨头通常能带来显著且持久的日常功能改善。

尽管存在其他技术,但该方法侧重于移除有问题的关节以停止研磨性疼痛。您可以预期术后疼痛和手部功能将得到显著改善。对于许多患者而言,与植入物关节置换等其他选择相比,这能带来更高的整体满意度和功能结果。主要目标是为您提供一个更稳定、疼痛更轻的拇指,使您能够更轻松地完成日常任务。

手术前

请在手术前至少禁食六小时。仅在您的外科医生给出具体指示后,才停止服用抗凝药物。安排一位负责任的成年人开车送您回家,并在第一晚陪伴您。就诊时请穿着宽松、舒适的衣物。请携带所有当前服用的药物和补充剂的完整清单。您的医疗团队可能会安排X光检查、血液检查或麻醉评估,以确保您适合手术。这些检查有助于您的外科医生为拇指制定最佳治疗方案。简单的舟状骨切除术是治疗该关节磨损性关节炎的公认方法。您将在手术部位做一个单一的常规切口。

手术当天

您将抵达医院并办理入院手续。您的主刀医生将前来探视,确认您的相关信息并解答任何最后的疑问。随后,您将见到麻醉医生,他们将讨论术后镇痛方案并评估您的健康状况。本手术将在全身麻醉下进行,您在手术期间将完全处于睡眠状态。部分患者可能还会接受区域神经阻滞以缓解术后疼痛。麻醉医生将根据您的具体情况在手术当天决定是否需要实施神经阻滞。

您将被送往手术室。您的主刀医生将通过开放入路进行手术,在手术部位做一个常规的单一切口。这意味着医生将仅做一个切口以直接显露关节。手术的具体操作细节在此不作赘述,相关内容请参阅单独章节。手术后,您将在复苏室苏醒。护士将密切监测您的呼吸和疼痛程度。您将在复苏室休息,直至生命体征平稳并准备返回病房。

手术过程

您的外科医生将在拇指基底部做一个切口以进入关节。这是一种开放入路,意味着手术区域完全暴露,而非通过小型内镜观察。通过这个切口,您的外科医生会切除拇指基部已磨损的舟状骨(trapezium bone)。

在某些情况下,您的外科医生可能还会切除相邻的梯形骨(trapezoid bone)的一部分,以创造更多空间。然而,不建议完全切除梯形骨。您的外科医生可能会使用来自手腕或前臂的肌腱来填充切除骨骼后留下的空间。这通常通过将肌腱编织穿过剩余结构来实现,以支撑您的拇指。有时,会使用临时钢丝将组织固定到位以促进愈合,尽管这一步骤的长期益处仍在研究中。

在切除骨骼并添加任何必要的支撑后,您的外科医生会用缝线或钉合器缝合切口。随后会敷上敷料以保护该区域。手术通常持续约一小时,具体取决于所需重建的范围。由于您在手术过程中会处于睡眠状态或局部麻木,因此不会感到疼痛,但此处重点介绍的是您的外科医生为解决问题而对组织进行的操作。

术后

您将在复苏室苏醒。您的手部将包裹敷料并佩戴夹板。大多数患者术后需住院一晚,但部分患者可当天出院。请抬高患肢以减轻肿胀。术后24小时内需有人陪护。您需要佩戴拇指人字夹板或夹板4至6周。佩戴夹板期间请勿驾驶,因为夹板会影响您安全握持方向盘。在您的外科医生许可且夹板拆除后方可驾驶。有关详情,请参阅上肢手术后的驾驶

恢复

在拇指腕掌关节切除术后数天至数周内,您可能会经历明显的疼痛和肿胀。这是愈合过程中的正常现象。您的外科医生将提供管理不适的指导。保持手部抬高并遵循您的护理计划有助于减轻肿胀。

在恢复期间,您将佩戴拇指人字夹板或石膏以保护手部。这种支撑对于正确愈合至关重要。您将根据指示进行温和的物理治疗练习以维持活动度。避免提重物或抓握等对手指造成压力的任务。睡觉时将手垫在枕头上,以减少夜间肿胀。

随着肿胀消退和活动恢复,您将逐渐重新引入日常活动。一旦移除夹板且您的外科医生允许,您可以恢复驾驶。了解更多关于上肢手术后的驾驶信息。您将继续进行强化练习以恢复握力和灵巧性。您的手部治疗师将指导您完成这些步骤。

您的恢复时间可能与他人不同。有些人恢复得更快,而有些人则需要更多时间。您的外科医生和物理治疗师将根据您的具体进展为您提供指导。相信这个过程并密切遵循他们的建议。持续的护理会带来最佳结果。

可能出现的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现一些问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您,以便尽早发现任何异常。

如果您之前做过拇指基底关节置换术且效果不佳,第二次大多角骨切除术仍可能达到与初次手术相似的效果。如果之前的植入物失效,您可能会感到持续疼痛或僵硬。您的外科医生将评估进行第二次切除是否适合您。

部分患者对所使用的重建方式感到担忧。无论您的外科医生仅进行单纯切除,还是添加肌腱移植物以重建韧带,这两种方法均旨在有效减轻疼痛。研究表明,在12个月的随访期内,这两种方法均能使80%的患者显著减轻疼痛。如果在此之后您仍有持续疼痛,请告知您的外科医生。

您可能会感到拇指有 clicking(弹响)或 grinding(摩擦)感。如果在切除骨骼后关节间隙形状发生改变,可能会出现这种情况。向您的医疗团队报告任何新的机械性感觉或突然肿胀非常重要。他们可以判断这属于正常愈合过程的一部分,还是需要关注的迹象。

在极少数情况下,尽管经过精心规划和熟练的手术操作,仍可能发生并发症。您可能会注意到感染的迹象,例如伤口周围红肿扩散、局部温度升高或出现脓液。您可能还会感到剧烈的搏动性疼痛,且普通止痛药无法缓解。如果出现这些迹象,请立即联系您的诊所。不要等到下一次预定的复查时间。

您的外科医生将讨论最适合您具体病例的方案。虽然某些技术使用内镜或不同的切口,但您的手术将在拇指基底处采用单一的传统切口。这种开放入路使您的外科医生能够清晰地观察该区域并直接处理任何问题。如果您对手术方式或潜在风险有任何疑虑,请在手术前提出。

本页面底部的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率,供您参考具体数据。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或渗出,或突发剧烈疼痛,请立即联系我们。若发现小腿肿胀或呼吸困难,请前往急诊。若出现感觉丧失或肢体无法活动,请立即寻求紧急医疗救助。尽管手术和康复过程已十分谨慎,但仍可能发生并发症。您的外科医生希望您在康复期间保持安全与舒适。


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