Skip to content

Patients › Shoulder

肱二头肌肌腱病与长头撕裂

Front-of-shoulder biceps tendon pain and the "Popeye" long-head rupture — and why the rupture usually needs no surgery.

肱二头肌长头断裂后上臂出现的“大力水手”样隆起。
肱二头肌长头腱断裂后,可在上臂形成“大力水手”样隆起。 James Heilman, MD / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

您正在感受到的症状

肱二头肌是位于上臂前侧的肌肉。其肌腱的长头向上延伸,越过肱骨顶端并进入肩关节,而正是这一部分在此处引发了问题。

最常见的症状是肩部前侧深处持续性的疼痛,通常位于肩峰下方几厘米处。当进行过头伸展、提举或搬运重物时,疼痛可能会加剧,有时还会沿上臂前侧放射。许多患者难以指出一个确切的痛点。由于肱二头肌肌腱紧邻肩袖,这种疼痛往往伴随肩袖问题出现,且在没有体格检查的情况下,两者往往难以区分。

有时会发生更剧烈的情况。磨损的肌腱可能会断裂,这种情况通常发生在老年人身上,且往往伴随的疼痛出乎意料地轻微。当这种情况发生时,肌肉腹会沿手臂下垂,形成一个柔软的隆起,看起来像一个小球或屈曲的肌肉。这就是典型的“大力水手”征。看到这一现象可能会令人吃惊,但单凭此征象,其严重程度通常远不如表面看起来那么严重。

实际发生了什么

肌腱是连接肌肉与骨骼的坚韧索带,与任何频繁使用的绳索一样,它们会随时间推移而磨损。在肱二头肌肌腱病中,长头肌腱在穿过肱骨顶部的狭窄沟槽并进入肩关节的过程中发生炎症和磨损。这种磨损正是您感受到的肩部前方疼痛的来源。由于该肌腱与肩袖共享这一拥挤的空间,两者常常同时磨损,这就是为什么肱二头肌疼痛和肩袖疼痛经常成对出现的原因。

如果这种磨损持续下去,肌腱最终可能完全断裂。当长头断裂时,肌肉在顶部不再被固定,因此它会沿手臂下滑,形成“大力水手”样隆起。令人安心的是:肱二头肌在肩部实际上有两个附着点(长头和短头),而短头保持完整。因此,当长头断裂时,手臂仍保留大部分力量,变化主要体现在外观上。

这是一个重要的区别。近端断裂(位于肩部末端)通常是一个轻微的问题。肌肉另一端的断裂,即肘部(远端肱二头肌断裂),则情况截然不同:这种断裂可能导致真正的力量丧失,且通常需要手术修复。隆起的外观可能相似,因此确定哪一端实际撕裂至关重要。

我们能做什么

在我们的诊所,Kieran Hirpara 医生会引导患者遵循一条清晰的治疗路径,该路径始于全面评估以确认诊断。对于长期存在的问题,我们通常建议首先采用非手术治疗,仅当这些措施未能提供足够缓解时才考虑手术。

对于肱二头肌肌腱病,初始步骤简单且为非手术性质,通常能解决大多数患者的问题:

  • 活动调整: 减少加重症状的过头动作和重物搬运,同时保持肩部活动。
  • 物理治疗: 通过指导性的练习来稳定肌腱并重新平衡肩部,特别是当肩袖也受累时。
  • 抗炎药物: 服用药物以减轻疼痛和炎症。
  • 注射: 有时会在肌腱周围或肩部注射皮质类固醇,以平息顽固的急性发作。

手术仅保留给持续疼痛且未通过上述措施得到缓解的情况。当需要手术时,主要有两种选择。可以将肌腱切断,使其不再牵拉疼痛区域(即肌腱切断术),这通常会留下“罗圈腿”样隆起(Popeye bulge),但能可靠地缓解疼痛。或者,可以将肌腱重新固定在肱骨较低的位置(即肌腱固定术),这能保持肌肉的正常形态并避免隆起,但恢复期较长。由于这两个问题经常同时发生,这些手术通常与肩袖手术同时进行。

对于肱二头肌长头近端撕裂,通常的建议是完全不需要手术。力量损失很少,隆起主要影响外观。一些较年轻或活动量较大的人,或者因外观或肌肉痉挛感到困扰的人,可能会选择重新固定手术,但对于大多数人来说,不予处理是正确的选择。

预期情况

大多数肱二头肌肌腱病在保持耐心并进行正确锻炼后均可改善。恢复过程可能较为缓慢(需数月而非数周),但预后良好,绝大多数患者可完全避免手术。当肱二头肌问题属于更广泛的肩袖病变的一部分时,恢复进程取决于肩袖状况,同时治疗两者可获得最佳效果。

如果您已发生肱二头肌长头近端撕裂且决定不进行手术,您可以预期初始疼痛会在数周内消退,力量恢复至接近正常水平,而“ Popeye ”样隆起将作为永久但无害的标志保留。该隆起不会随时间推移而恶化,也无需进行修复。

何时就医

  • 前肩部疼痛持续不缓解,尤其是在上举或提物时:建议进行评估,因为这通常提示肱二头肌或肩袖问题,且对治疗反应良好。
  • 上臂突然出现肿胀并伴有无力: 需要检查以确认这是肩部无害的长头,而不是肘部的撕裂,后者是一种可能需要手术的不同损伤。
  • 年轻或活跃人群的撕裂: 即使是近端撕裂也值得复查,既为了确诊,也为了讨论修复手术对您是否值得。
  • 已知撕裂后持续的肱二头肌痉挛或酸痛: 通常较轻微,但如果困扰您,可以进行治疗。

深入探讨

Advanced reading: the deeper science (optional)

本节内容超出了您自身治疗决策所需的深度。肱二头肌长头的问题值得额外阅读,因为手术中存在一种特殊情况:标准治疗方案涉及切断一条肌腱,而该肌腱的功能在活体肩部中从未被令人信服地证实,且证据表明您不会因此感到缺失。

一项功能未获证实的肌腱

肱二头肌长头起自肩胛骨关节盂顶部,穿过关节,沿肱骨上的沟槽向下延伸。由于其直接穿过关节,长期以来人们一直认为它有助于将肱骨头保持在关节盂的中心位置。

支持这一观点的证据比该假设本身更为薄弱。生物力学研究表明,该肌腱对盂肱关节在各个方向上的稳定性均有贡献,但体内研究尚未证实这种稳定作用,且所需的生理负荷仍不明确 [1]。

这一点至关重要,因为它解释了为何相关手术有效。如果该肌腱承担着至关重要的稳定功能,切断它将会产生后果。但事实似乎并非如此。

切断与再固定效果相同

这两种手术分别是肌腱切断术(tenotomy),即切断肌腱并任其回缩;以及肌腱固定术(tenodesis),即切断肌腱并将其固定于肱骨较低位置。肌腱固定术是更为复杂的手术,通常被呈现为更优的选择。

汇总 650 名患者的数据,肌腱切断术与肌腱固定术在术后功能预后方面无差异。出现的差异仅限于两点:“罗圈腿”畸形(即上臂肌腹隆起)和肱二头肌沟处的痉挛性疼痛,这两者在肌腱切断术后更为常见 [2]。一项早期的系统综述也得出了相同的结论,发现两种术式均具有相当良好的疗效,主要差异仅在于外观畸形 [3]。

因此,决策的关键实际上并非手臂的功能恢复程度,而是关于外观、痉挛感以及患者希望接受多大程度的手术。这种表述比“更好的手术”更为客观诚实。

且在肌腱固定术内部,技术争论并未分化

大量争论涉及肌腱固定的位置与方式。这似乎并不重要。 在 707 例患者中,胸大肌下与胸大肌上肌腱固定术产生了相似的改善,治疗失败率无差异,尽管关节镜肌腱固定术与术后早期僵硬增加相关 [4]。在 476 例患者中比较关节镜与开放手术,两者均取得了令人满意的结果,且 无可识别的差异 [5]。

实验室研究确实显示了构建强度的真实差异,干扰螺钉和更多缝线可产生更强的修复,且在控制混杂因素后,胸大肌上与胸大肌下固定在生物力学上是等效的 [6]。这种强度并未转化为可测量的临床差距,这是肩关节外科中反复出现的模式,在描述某种技术更强时值得予以注意。

诊断才是真正困难的部分

由于各种治疗方案的疗效相似,大部分不确定性存在于更早的阶段,即判断肱二头肌腱是否为疼痛的根本来源。该肌腱与肩袖毗邻,且症状存在重叠。

体格检查已通过与关节镜下实际所见进行对照而得到验证。上切试验联合肱二头肌沟压痛在所有已知手法中具有较高的联合敏感度和特异度 [7]。这一点之所以有用,恰恰在于它是一种组合,没有任何单一试验能够独立确立诊断。

其实际意义在于,当体格检查发现、影像学表现及症状模式三者一致时,肱二头肌腱病变的识别最为确切。若三者不一致,该肌腱可能仅为旁观者,对其实施手术不太可能解决问题。

参考文献

[1] Elser F, Braun S, Dewing CB, Giphart JE, Millett PJ. Anatomy, function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(4):581-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.10.014

[2] Gurnani N, van Deurzen DFP, Janmaat VT, van den Bekerom MPJ. Tenotomy or tenodesis for pathology of the long head of the biceps brachii: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015;24(12):3765-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3640-6

[3] Slenker NR, Lawson K, Ciccotti MG, Dodson CC, Cohen SB. Biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy. 2012;28(4):576-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.10.017

[4] Belk JW, Thon SG, Hart J, McCarty EC. Subpectoral versus suprapectoral biceps tenodesis yields similar clinical outcomes: a systematic review. J ISAKOS. 2021;6(6):356-62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2020-000543

[5] Abraham VT, Tan BH, Kumar VP. Systematic review of biceps tenodesis: arthroscopic versus open. Arthroscopy. 2015;32(2):365-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2015.07.028

[6] Aida HF, Shi BY, Huish EG, McFarland EG, Srikumaran U. Are implant choice and surgical approach associated with biceps tenodesis construct strength? A systematic review and meta-regression. Am J Sports Med. 2019;48(5):1273-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519876107

[7] Rosas S, Krill MK, Amoo-Achampong K, Kwon K, Nwachukwu BU, McCormick F. A practical, evidence-based, comprehensive (PEC) physical examination for diagnosing pathology of the long head of the biceps. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(8):1484-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2017.03.002


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.