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合成代谢类固醇、睾酮与肌腱断裂风险

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合成代谢类固醇和睾酮与肌腱断裂风险增加有关,包括肩袖、肱二头肌和股四头肌。类固醇和睾酮替代疗法(TRT)如何影响肌腱、关节、骨骼以及术后恢复。

小瓶旁边的分子结构。
睾酮影响肌肉和骨骼;其水平及补充治疗具有值得了解的肌肉骨骼影响。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

您的感受

您可能会感到肩部或其他关节疼痛。您的医生可能会检查您的激素水平,因为睾酮水平低与磨损性关节炎风险增加有关。这种关系很复杂,但保持健康的激素水平对关节健康很重要。如果您的水平过低,您的关节可能会感觉比平时更僵硬或疼痛更明显。

您可能会发现某些动作变得困难或疼痛。将手伸到背后扣内衣或把衬衫塞进裤子里可能会很困难。将物体举过头顶可能会引发剧烈疼痛或无力感。这些症状通常在活动后或夜间加重,导致难以侧卧睡眠。您可能还会感到全身疲劳或注意到肌肉力量的变化。

请注意,睾酮治疗会改变您的身体对损伤的反应。使用睾酮或合成代谢类固醇与肌腱撕裂风险增加有关,例如肩袖、肱二头肌或股四头肌的肌腱。如果肌腱断裂,您可能会突然感到“啪”的一声或疼痛。这种风险在使用睾酮替代疗法的男性中更高。如果您曾接受过肩部手术,使用睾酮也与需要再次手术或发生感染的风险增加有关。

您的医生将与您讨论您的激素病史。他们将帮助您了解您受伤或再次受伤的独特风险。如果您正在考虑睾酮治疗,仔细权衡这些风险非常重要。您的医疗团队需要知道您正在服用的任何补充剂或处方药,以确保您在康复期间的安全。

实际发生的情况

睾酮就像身体组织的开关,但它并不总是能平稳地“开启”各项功能。医生关注您的激素水平,因为它们直接影响您的肌肉、骨骼和肌腱。可以将您的肌腱想象成连接肌肉与骨骼的粗绳。当睾酮水平过低或剧烈波动时,这些“绳索”可能会变得脆弱。它们会失去天然的弹性,在正常应力下更容易断裂。

这种脆性解释了您为何可能面临更高的肌腱断裂风险。研究表明,与非使用者相比,睾酮使用者的肌腱断裂风险增加了 2.9 倍。这包括常见的损伤,如肩部的肩袖撕裂或手臂的肱二头肌远端损伤。组织根本无法承受其以往所能承受的负荷。这不仅仅是关于力量,更是关于结缔组织本身的质量。

您的关节也依赖于这种平衡。软骨是覆盖在骨端的光滑涂层,使骨骼能够无摩擦地滑动。低睾酮水平与磨损性关节炎(骨关节炎)风险增加有关。这种关系很复杂,但维持最佳水平有助于保持这层保护层的健康。如果没有它,骨端可能会相互摩擦,导致疼痛和僵硬。

关节置换手术后也存在感染和再次手术的风险。在男性患者中,睾酮使用与初次全肩关节置换术后因感染相关的再次手术风险增加有关。它还增加了所有原因导致的再次手术风险。医生需要了解您的完整病史以管理这些风险。他们将评估您的独特情况,以决定激素治疗对您是否安全。这种谨慎的规划有助于保护您的长期关节健康,并降低需要再次手术的机会。

我们能采取的措施

从自我护理和物理治疗开始。您的医生可能会推荐特定的锻炼,以增强关节和肌腱周围的肌肉。这有助于支撑该区域并减轻压力。您应给予这种方法足够的起效时间,通常为几周。坚持是关键。温和的活动通常比单纯休息更有帮助。避免引起剧烈疼痛的活动。倾听身体的声音,如果感觉异常,请立即停止。这是安全控制症状的第一步。

医疗管理涉及药物和激素治疗。对于疼痛,您的医生可能会建议使用抗炎药物。这些药物有助于减轻肿胀和不适。如果您睾酮水平低,您的医生会仔细讨论激素治疗。手术后,睾酮替代疗法可以改善身体成分和骨密度。然而,它存在风险。它与肌腱断裂风险增加有关,包括肱二头肌和股四头肌。使用者发生肌腱断裂的风险是非使用者的 2.9 倍。肩袖撕裂及其修复的风险也增加。您的医生会根据您独特的健康状况权衡这些益处与风险。切勿在缺乏医疗指导的情况下开始或停止激素治疗。

如果症状持续或加重,请寻求专科医生的意见。如果自我护理和药物治疗无效,您的医生可能会建议您进行进一步评估。在某些情况下,可能会考虑通过手术修复受损组织。例如,如果您患有胸大肌断裂,则可能需要手术。有趣的是,在胸大肌断裂恢复期间继续使用合成代谢类固醇似乎不会对功能恢复产生负面影响。然而,睾酮的使用与需要手术治疗的肌腱断裂几率增加有关。您的医生将根据您的具体损伤和整体健康状况确定是否需要进行手术。请严格遵循他们的建议,以确保获得最佳效果。

预期情况

您的医生会将您的激素健康状况作为整体受伤风险的一部分进行评估。睾酮水平有一个与肩部问题相关的具体阈值。低水平也与更高的磨损性关节炎风险相关。将您的水平保持在健康范围内可能有助于保护您的关节。然而,如果您睾酮水平低,您应该知道这会增加您受伤或再次受伤的风险。

如果您正在服用睾酮或合成代谢类固醇,您需要了解特定的风险。这些药物与更高的肌腱断裂几率相关。例如,与非使用者相比,使用者的肌腱断裂风险增加了 2.9 倍。您也更有可能损伤远端二头肌肌腱或需要手术修复。肩袖撕裂及需要后续修复的风险也更高。如果您接受睾酮替代疗法,您在配药后的一年内遭受股四头肌或肌腱损伤的可能性要大得多。这可能导致需要手术修复。

在某些手术背景下也存在潜在益处。一些研究表明,睾酮补充剂可以改善骨科手术后的身体成分和骨密度。它也可能改善临床结果。如果您有胸大肌断裂,在恢复期间继续使用合成代谢类固醇似乎不会对您的功能恢复产生负面影响。

与您的医生讨论您的内分泌病史非常重要。在开具任何治疗处方之前,他们将评估您独特的风险状况。虽然一些数据表明睾酮替代与前交叉韧带损伤之间存在联系,但由于其他因素,现在下定论还为时过早。同样,关于年轻成年人中风风险的数据仍然有限。您的医生将就这些风险为您提供咨询,以帮助您就您的肌肉骨骼健康做出明智的决定。

更深入探讨

本节从学生层面更深入地探讨生物学原理。这对于治疗决策并非必需,但它解释了为什么合成代谢类固醇和睾酮会改变肌腱的行为方式。

雄激素如何改变肌腱和胶原蛋白

肌腱主要由I型胶原蛋白构成,这种胶原蛋白由携带雄激素受体的成纤维细胞合成并维持。在正常(生理性)睾酮水平下,雄激素有助于维持胶原蛋白的健康。而在使用合成代谢类固醇时出现的极高激素水平下,沉积的胶原蛋白往往排列更为紊乱,纤维更小且均匀性较差,交联方式也发生改变。其结果是肌腱变得更僵硬、弹性降低,并在低于正常肌腱的拉伸程度下即可发生断裂。

为什么类固醇使用者会发生肌腱断裂

合成代谢类固醇能迅速增加肌肉量,从而使肌肉产生更大的力量,但其附着的肌腱并未以相同的速度增强,甚至可能变得脆弱。这种不匹配(强大的肌肉牵拉相对较弱的肌腱)被认为是类固醇使用者发生突然性肌腱断裂的原因,通常发生在单次重负荷用力时,且常位于肌肉与肌腱的连接处。常见受累部位包括上臂的肩袖和肱二头肌,以及下肢的股四头肌和跟腱。多项研究表明,与不使用者相比,使用睾酮或类固醇者发生肌腱断裂的风险高出约三倍。

睾酮替代疗法与合成代谢类固醇使用

区分这两者有所不同。睾酮替代疗法(TRT)旨在在医疗监督下将低水平恢复至正常范围。合成代谢-雄激素类固醇的使用涉及远高于人体自然产生的剂量,通常联合使用多种药物。大多数显著的结缔组织效应源于这种高剂量、无监督的模式,且肌腱风险似乎随剂量增加而上升。替代剂量TRT的风险较小且不确定性较高,这也是对其进行监测的原因之一。

骨骼、软骨与手术

雄激素并非对肌肉骨骼系统均有害。睾酮有助于维持骨密度,其水平低下与骨质疏松症风险增加及可能的退行性关节炎有关。在某些手术后,睾酮可改善肌肉量和骨骼。然而,类固醇和睾酮的使用与肩关节置换术后更高的感染率和再次手术率相关。正是这种获益与风险的并存,使得您的外科和医疗团队必须了解您完整的激素和补充剂使用史。

何时就医

若疼痛持续且休息后无改善,请咨询全科医生。若发现关节无力或不稳,请要求专科医生评估。出现关节交锁或打软腿感时,请及时就医。若症状影响睡眠或工作,请联系医生。若疼痛突然加重,请前往急诊。请注意,睾酮水平低下与骨关节炎(又称磨损性关节炎)风险增加相关。睾酮治疗可能增加肌腱断裂的风险,包括肩袖、肱二头肌和股四头肌损伤。此外,还与前交叉韧带损伤风险增加有关。医生应评估您的激素病史以判断这些风险。


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d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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