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全肩关节置换术

Phase-by-phase rehabilitation protocol after total shoulder replacement, with criteria to progress and the early exercise program.

Updated Jun 2026
示意图:一人手臂置于吊带中,物理治疗师正在调整吊带带子。
全肩关节置换术后恢复活动度和肌力。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

本方案指导您在 Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton 接受 Kieran Hirpara 医生进行的肩关节全置换术(全肩关节置换术)后的康复。以下每个阶段均以通俗易懂的语言说明当前发生的情况及最关键的事项,随后是为您的物理治疗师撰写的结构化方案;请在首次物理治疗就诊时携带此页面或其 PDF 文件,以确保您的康复过程协调一致。您的物理治疗师可能会根据康复进展调整计划。

如果您对术后伤口有任何疑虑,请联系诊所。通常,拍摄伤口照片并发送电子邮件以供审查会很有帮助。

预期情况

醒来时您的手臂会感到麻木,感觉通常在 6 至 12 小时内恢复。极少数情况下,部分麻木或无力可能持续 2 至 3 天。

手术结束后醒来时,您将佩戴悬吊带,肩部覆盖一个大垫子。该垫子将在出院前移除。垫子下方是一个防水敷料,覆盖着一条医用胶水条,可保留 2 周。您的缝线是可吸收的,无需拆除,但伤口两端可能会有线头,可在 2 周后齐平皮肤剪断。您将预约在手术后 1–2 周由我们的护士进行伤口检查。如果您无法参加敷料检查,您可以在 2 周后自行拆除敷料。

康复过程概览:

  • 保护期: 第 0–3 周
  • 中期: 第 4–6 周
  • 中期,持续: 第 7–8 周
  • 过渡期: 第 9–11 周
  • 高级强化: 第 12–16 周

恢复活动的大致时间框架:

  • 驾驶: 6 周
  • 游泳: 蛙泳 8 周;自由泳 12 周
  • 高尔夫: 4–6 个月
  • 提重物: 6 周后可开始轻度提重物;6 个月内避免提重物
  • 工作: 久坐工作 6 周;体力工作需遵医嘱

佩戴悬吊带

您的悬吊带(肩部固定器)在肩部愈合期间提供支撑。规则很简单:

  • 佩戴 6 周,包括睡觉时。
  • 仅在淋浴和进行锻炼时取下(在您被示范如何操作后)。每当悬吊带取下时,请将手臂垂放在身体一侧。
  • 在家休息时,如果您能妥善注意,可以取下悬吊带:坐着时,用枕头支撑手臂。
  • 如果肩部肿胀或疼痛,尤其是锻炼后,请使用冰敷。

正确佩戴至关重要,松垮的悬吊带无法为肩部提供适当的支撑:

  1. 将肘部正好放入悬吊带的角落,使其得到充分支撑。
  2. 悬吊带的末端应停在小指指关节处。如果您的手伸出更远,说明悬吊带未能正确支撑您。
  3. 悬吊带有两条魔术贴带:一条用于颈部,一条用于腰部。
  4. 在肘部和前臂定位好后,用未手术的手臂将上带绕过颈部,并通过上环固定。
  5. 以同样的方式,将下带绕过腰部并通过下环固定。

佩戴悬吊带期间,请注意您的姿势。保持耳朵、肩膀和臀部在一条直线上,避免肩膀下垂;良好的姿势可以保护您的背部,并有助于防止肩部僵硬。坐着时,在后腰处放一条卷起的毛巾是一个有用的提醒。

在您回家之前,病房的物理治疗师会为您佩戴悬吊带,教您独立管理它,并开始进行以下温和的锻炼。肩部康复中经常提到三个术语,了解它们的区别很有帮助:主动活动范围 (AROM) 指您自己移动手臂,无需辅助或帮助;主动辅助活动范围 (AAROM) 指使用另一只手臂或物体帮助手臂移动;被动活动范围 (PROM) 指手臂完全放松,由另一只手臂或外部力量完成 100% 的工作。您的物理治疗师会告诉您每个锻炼使用哪种类型的运动。

您在医院期间以及回家后最初几周内的早期康复规则:

  • 您需要佩戴悬吊带睡觉。
  • 如有需要,使用冰敷以缓解疼痛。
  • 佩戴悬吊带时,放松肩部,让悬吊带承担手臂的重量。
  • 在进行锻炼和物理治疗预约之前服用止痛药。
  • 您可以将手臂从悬吊带中取出以进行锻炼和淋浴。
  • 您需要佩戴悬吊带 6 周,尤其是在外出时。
  • 除非您选择自行安排物理治疗,否则已为您安排了预约,详情见您的出院资料包。
  • 如果您有任何问题,请联系办公室或告知您的物理治疗师。

这些是您的早期锻炼,在医院开始,并根据物理治疗师的指导在家继续:

您在医院的前几天

握紧拳头,然后完全张开手。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

张开和握紧手

通过张开和闭合手部及手指,或挤压一个软球,保持手和手指的活动。

10次,每日3次

将手腕向前、向后及向两侧弯曲。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

腕部运动

通过向前、向后及左右侧向弯曲手腕,保持手腕活动。

10次,每日3次

弯曲并伸直肘部。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

肘部

弯曲并伸直您的肘部。

10次,每日3次

身体前倾,让手臂自然下垂,利用身体轻轻摆动。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

钟摆

这是一项被动练习。身体前倾,让手臂自然放松下垂。利用身体带动手臂轻柔地顺时针或逆时针转动,并配合前后及左右方向的摆动。

每个方向约30秒,每天3次

托住手术侧手臂并将其向前抬起;或仰卧,协助手臂向上抬起。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

前屈(辅助)

坐在椅子上并身体前倾,用另一只手臂托住手术侧手臂,轻轻将手臂在身体前方向上移动。借助非手术侧手臂的辅助将其放回原位。如果您愿意,也可以尝试仰卧在床上,并辅助手臂向上移动。

10次,每日3次

托住患肢,协助其向侧方移出。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

外展(辅助)

坐在椅子上并向前倾身,再次托住手臂,帮助其向外侧移动(如同摇动婴儿)。

10次,每日3次

将前臂从悬吊带位置移至正前方——不再继续。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

外旋

坐在椅子上,仅将手臂从吊带中的位置移动至正前方指向前方。不要向外侧移动更多。

轻柔地,10次,每日3次

将肩胛骨向下并向内收拢。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

下斜方肌激活

将肩胛骨向下并向内收拢。

保持5秒,重复5次;每日重复3次

用另一只手臂将耳朵向对侧肩膀倾斜。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

上斜方肌拉伸

用您的非手术侧手臂将耳朵向同侧肩部方向移动,远离手术侧。

保持10秒,重复3次;每天重复3次

用另一只手臂将鼻子向下拉向腋窝。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

肩胛提肌拉伸

使用您的非手术侧手臂,将鼻子移向乳头或腋窝区域。

保持10秒,重复3次;每天重复3次

第一阶段 — 保护期(第 0–3 周)

坐在桌前,身体轻轻前倾,双手沿桌面表面向前滑动。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

坐位桌面滑动

坐在桌前,前臂平放在桌面上。身体轻轻前倾,让肩部自然向前折叠,不要使用肩部肌肉,同时让手沿桌面向前滑动,然后向后滑回。保持动作放松且舒适。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

前三周的重点在于保护您的新肩部,使其稳定下来。您将佩戴悬吊带(保持中立位,夜间佩戴),使用冰敷和加压来减轻肿胀,同时您的物理治疗师会在设定范围内为您轻柔地活动肩部,而您自己则需保持手、腕和肘部的活动。从第 2 周开始,进行轻柔的肩胛骨运动和握球练习。最重要的规则:禁止主动肩部运动,禁止向后伸手,禁止提重物,禁止用手推撑身体。

致您的物理治疗师:

目标

  • 保护手术修复部位
  • 减轻肿胀,最大限度减少疼痛
  • 维持上肢(UE)肘部、手部和腕部的活动范围
  • 逐渐增加肩部被动活动范围(PROM)
  • 最大限度减少肌肉抑制
  • 患者教育

管理

  • 悬吊带:中立旋转位;睡眠时夜间使用
  • 肿胀管理:冰敷、加压
  • 活动范围 / 活动度:
    • 被动活动范围(PROM):肩胛骨平面内外旋(ER)≤ 30 度;肩胛骨平面内内旋(IR)至腰带线
    • 屈曲/上举至耐受程度;外展(ABD)≤ 90 度;钟摆运动;坐姿盂肱关节(GH)屈曲桌面滑动;坐姿水平桌面滑动
    • 主动辅助活动范围(AAROM):主动辅助肩部屈曲
    • 主动活动范围(AROM):肘部、手部、腕部
  • 强化训练(第 2 周):
    • 肩胛周围肌群:肩胛骨后缩、俯卧位肩胛骨后缩、站立位肩胛骨固定、支撑位肩胛骨固定、下向滑动、低位划船
    • 握球练习

注意事项

  • 禁止肩部主动活动范围(AROM)
  • 禁止向后伸手,尤其是内旋方向
  • 禁止肩部过度外旋或外展
  • 禁止提重物
  • 禁止用手支撑体重
  • 仰卧时,在肘部下方放置小枕头/毛巾卷,以避免肩部过度伸展

晋级标准

  • 肩部被动活动范围(PROM)屈曲和上举达到对侧的 ≥ 50%
  • 肩部外展(ABD)被动活动范围(PROM)≤ 90 度
  • 肩胛骨平面内肩部外旋(ER)被动活动范围(PROM)≤ 30 度
  • 肩胛骨平面内内旋(IR)被动活动范围(PROM)≥ 70 度
  • 可触及肩胛骨肌群的肌肉收缩
  • 疼痛 < 4/10
  • 第一阶段无并发症

第二阶段 — 中期(第 4–6 周)

仰卧位,双手持拐杖,将手术侧前臂轻柔地向外推。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

手杖外旋拉伸

仰卧,肘部置于体侧并屈曲至90度。双手握住一根拐杖或棍棒,用非手术侧手臂将手术侧手臂的手部轻轻向外推。请保持在物理治疗师为本阶段设定的活动范围内,切勿强行活动。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

肩部仍受保护,但活动度现在稳步增加。吊带在夜间继续佩戴,白天则在这两周内逐渐停用。您的物理治疗师将被动活动度逐步推进至全范围(仍限于设定的外展和外旋限制内),增加辅助活动及主动活动,并开始针对肩袖和肩胛骨肌肉的温和激活训练。请勿提举重于咖啡杯的物品,并继续避免极端的旋转和伸展动作。

致您的物理治疗师:

目标

  • 继续保护手术修复部位
  • 减轻肿胀,最小化疼痛
  • 逐步增加肩部被动活动度(PROM)
  • 在主动辅助活动度(AAROM)和主动活动度(AROM)中尽量减少代偿模式
  • 改善肩胛周肌肉的激活/力量
  • 启动肩袖(RTC)激活(外旋肌)
  • 患者教育

管理

  • 吊带:睡眠时夜间使用;白天在接下来的两周内逐渐停用吊带
  • 继续第一阶段干预措施
  • 活动度/灵活性:
    • PROM:全范围,但肩胛平面外旋(ER)≤ 30度,外展(ABD)≤ 90度除外
    • AAROM:持杖肩屈曲,持杖外旋拉伸,毛巾按压,坐姿持杖肩抬举
    • AROM:仰卧位屈曲,敬礼动作,仰卧位出拳
  • 强化训练:
    • 肩袖:外旋等长收缩
    • 肩胛周:健身球划船,前锯肌出拳
    • 肘部:肱二头肌弯举,弹力带肱二头肌弯举及肱三头肌训练
  • 运动控制:
    • 肩外展上举(scaption)和屈曲位的外旋 90–125(节律性稳定)
  • 拉伸:
    • 侧卧位水平内收

注意事项

  • 禁止过度的肩部外旋或外展
  • 禁止提举重于咖啡杯的物品
  • 禁止用手支撑体重
  • 仰卧时,在肘部下方放置小枕头/卷起的毛巾,以避免肩部过度伸展

晋级标准

  • 肩部PROM屈曲和肩外展上举达到对侧的 ≥ 75%
  • 肩胛平面肩部PROM内旋达到对侧的 ≥ 75%
  • 肩胛平面肩部PROM外旋 30度
  • 肩部PROM外展 90度
  • AAROM时代偿模式极少
  • AROM肩抬举至100度,代偿模式极少
  • 疼痛 < 4/10
  • 第二阶段无并发症

第三阶段 — 中期,续(第 7–8 周)

坐在门后滑轮装置下,双手各握一个手柄,非手术侧手臂抬起手术侧手臂。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

门顶滑轮

坐在门后滑轮装置下方,双手各握一个手柄。用非手术侧手臂向下拉,以抬起手术侧手臂,保持手术侧手臂放松,然后缓慢、平稳地放下。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

侧卧于手术侧,手臂向前伸出,另一只手轻轻将前臂向下按压。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

睡眠者拉伸

侧卧于手术侧,手臂向前伸展至肩部高度,肘部屈曲90度。用另一只手轻轻将前臂向下压向床面,直至感到肩后部有舒适的牵拉感。切勿强行牵拉。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

侧身站立面对墙壁,手指沿墙壁向侧方移动,带动手臂上举至外展位。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

侧向爬墙练习

侧身站立面对墙壁,指尖轻触墙面。将手指沿墙壁向侧方向上滑动,将手臂抬高至舒适的最大范围,然后有控制地将手指沿墙壁向下滑动。在恢复侧方活动度时,墙壁为手臂提供支撑。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

悬吊带现已停用,目标是实现各个方向的全范围活动,必要时给予辅助,并逐渐依靠自身力量。强化训练逐步升级,包括针对肩袖和肩胛肌的弹力带训练,您可以恢复所有日常活动。仍有两项限制:不得搬运超过 5 kg 的重物,以及避免对肩关节前方愈合组织造成过度应力。

致您的物理治疗师:

目标

  • 避免对愈合组织(尤其是前关节囊)造成过度应力
  • 最小化疼痛
  • 维持被动活动范围(PROM)
  • 改善主动活动范围(AROM)
  • 进阶肩胛周围肌群和肩袖肌群的力量
  • 恢复完全的功能性活动
  • 患者教育

管理

  • 悬吊带:停用
  • 继续实施第一阶段和第二阶段的干预措施
  • 活动范围 / 活动度:
    • 所有平面的全范围活动
    • 辅助主动活动范围(AAROM):倾斜台滑动、墙面球滚动、爬墙、滑轮训练
    • 主动活动范围(AROM):坐姿肩外展上举(scaption)、坐姿屈曲、仰卧位前屈举臂,使用弹性阻力至 90 度
  • 强化训练:
    • 肩袖:内旋等长收缩、侧卧位外旋、站立位弹力带外旋、站立位弹力带内旋、内旋、外旋
    • 肩胛周围肌群:弹力带肩后伸、坐姿弹力带划船、划船动作、割草机动作、抢劫动作(robbery)
  • 运动控制:
    • 内旋/外旋和屈曲 90–125(节律性稳定)
    • 四肢支撑位交替等长收缩及墙面球稳定
    • 本体感觉神经肌肉促进法(PNF):D1 对角线提升、PNF D2 对角线提升
  • 拉伸:
    • 背后毛巾辅助内旋、侧卧位水平内收、睡眠者拉伸(sleeper stretch)、肱三头肌和背阔肌

注意事项

  • 不得搬运重物(> 5 kg)

进阶标准

  • 肩关节主动活动范围(AROM)时,代偿模式极少或无
  • 疼痛 < 4/10

第四阶段 — 过渡期(第 9–11 周)

在俯卧撑姿势下,上背部向天花板方向推挤,肩胛骨相互分离滑动。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

跪姿俯卧撑加强版(push-up plus)

从双膝跪地、双手置于肩下的俯卧撑起始姿势开始,保持肘部伸直,将上背部向天花板方向推起,使肩胛骨相互分离,然后有控制地缓慢下放。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

活动度现在应达到充分且舒适;本阶段旨在增强力量并提高稳定性。肩袖练习的阻力增加,肩胛骨训练项目扩展,控制性训练通过斜向、功能性模式对肩部施加挑战。5 公斤的提举限制仍然适用,且仍需避免对关节前方造成拉力的体位(即手臂外展超过 80 度时进行外旋)。

致您的物理治疗师:

目标

  • 避免过度牵拉愈合组织(尤其是前关节囊)
  • 维持无痛被动活动度(PROM)
  • 继续改善主动活动度(AROM)
  • 改善肩部动态稳定性
  • 逐步恢复肩部力量与耐力

处理方案

  • 继续实施第二至第三阶段的干预措施
  • 活动度 / 灵活性:
    • 所有平面的全范围活动度
  • 强化训练:
    • 肩袖:增加肩袖练习的阻力
    • 肩胛周围肌群:跪姿俯卧撑加(push-up plus)、“W”字练习、弹力带 W 字练习、动态拥抱(dynamic hug)、弹力带动态拥抱、俯卧位肩伸展等长收缩(Is)、弹力带前冲拳、前冲拳、三脚架支撑(tripod)、指针动作(pointer)
  • 运动控制:
    • 弹力带 PNF 模式;带阻力的 PNF D1 斜向提升;带弹力带的斜向上、斜向下墙面滑动

注意事项

  • 禁止提举重物(> 5 公斤)
  • 避免对肩关节前囊施加压力的练习(即肩外展超过 80 度时的外旋)

晋级标准

  • 仰卧位主动活动度屈曲 ≥ 140 度
  • 仰卧位主动活动度外展 ≥ 120 度
  • 仰卧位肩胛骨平面主动活动度外旋 ≥ 60 度
  • 仰卧位肩胛骨平面主动活动度内旋 ≥ 70 度
  • 主动活动度肩部上举至 120 度,且代偿模式极少
  • 完成所有练习时表现出对称的肩胛骨力学机制
  • 疼痛 < 2/10

第五阶段 — 高级强化训练(第 12–16 周)

使用弹力带进行外旋,手臂向侧方抬至肩部高度,肘部屈曲。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

站立位外旋90度(弹力带)

站立,将手臂向侧方抬起至肩部高度,肘部屈曲90度。对抗轻度弹力带的阻力,将前臂向上旋转,然后有控制地返回。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

手臂在肩关节高度前方支撑,同时抵抗小幅度的交替推力,以训练控制能力。

Kieran Hirpara 4.0

节律性稳定

将手臂支撑在身体前方,高度约与肩部齐平,请您的物理治疗师(或您的健侧手)从不同方向施加小而轻柔的推力,同时您保持手臂静止且稳定——不要让其移动。这旨在训练肩部稳定肌群的反应能力。所有动作力度均需保持轻柔。

在您的物理治疗师指导下

最终阶段旨在使肩关节适应您希望进行的所有活动:在较高位置建立力量和耐力,包括手臂抬高至90度时的旋转训练,以及逐步推进过头稳定性训练。在满足所有里程碑标准并获得外科医生许可后,方可超越既定方案(包括任何重返运动)。对于运动员而言,该决策是个体化的,而非由日历时间驱动。

致您的物理治疗师:

目标

  • 维持无痛的活动范围
  • 改善肩关节力量和耐力
  • 增强上肢的功能性使用

管理

  • 继续实施第二至第四阶段的干预措施
  • 强化训练:
    • 肩袖:90度外旋,90度内旋,90度站立位弹力带外旋,90度站立位弹力带内旋
    • 肩胛周围肌群:T字和Y字练习,“T”字练习,直膝俯卧撑加力,墙壁俯卧撑
  • 运动控制:
    • 将墙面球稳定训练逐步过渡至过头交替等长收缩 / 节律性稳定训练

晋级标准

  • 获得医生许可,且所有里程碑标准均已满足
  • 维持无痛的被动活动范围(PROM)和主动活动范围(AROM)
  • 完成所有练习,并展示对称的肩胛骨力学机制
  • QuickDASH 和 ASES 结果评分

重返运动

  • 对于休闲或竞技运动员,重返运动的决策应个体化,并基于包括上肢负荷水平、接触性 vs 非接触性运动、参与频率等因素。在推进至重返运动康复计划之前,鼓励与转诊外科医生进行密切讨论。

方案实施后

本方案与诊所的通用康复建议配合使用;请参阅术后疼痛管理和伤口护理。关于手术本身,请参阅全肩关节置换术。本方案背后的证据,以及为何早期阶段能保护肩胛下肌修复,已在证据部分中总结,该部分可从本页顶部以PDF格式获取。


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty — Post-operative Rehabilitation

Topic scope: Post-operative rehabilitation after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) for glenohumeral arthritis. (Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has a different rehab logic — see the reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty protocol; the early in-hospital phase of either is covered by the inpatient-shoulder-replacement protocol.)

Defining principle of this rehab — PROTECT THE SUBSCAPULARIS: to reach the joint in an anatomic TSA the surgeon usually takes down and then repairs the subscapularis (by tenotomy, peel, or a lesser-tuberosity osteotomy). That repair is the structure rehabilitation must protect. So the early plan is the mirror image of a frozen-shoulder release: external rotation is limited, and active/resisted internal rotation is delayed, to avoid pulling the subscapularis repair apart — while early passive forward elevation is encouraged so the shoulder does not stiffen. This subscapularis-protection logic is the key difference from reverse arthroplasty (which usually has no subscapularis repair to guard) and the reason aTSA rehab is more measured.


A. THE PROCEDURE (what is being protected)

Anatomic TSA resurfaces the arthritic joint with a metal humeral head and a plastic glenoid, restoring the normal ball-and-socket mechanics — which depends on an intact, balanced rotator cuff (the indication that distinguishes it from reverse arthroplasty). The subscapularis management is the rehab-defining variable:

  • Subscapularis tenotomy / peel with tendon-to-tendon or transosseous repair, or
  • Lesser-tuberosity osteotomy (LTO) — repaired bone-to-bone.

Either way, the repair governs the early external-rotation limit and the delay before active and resisted internal rotation. The specific ER ceiling and the IR-loading timeline are surgeon-set (they depend on repair quality and tissue) — the patient protocol follows the surgeon's chosen limits, and the phase table below reflects them.


B. POST-OPERATIVE PHASED TIMELINE (subscapularis-protective)

Consistent with the protocol's phases (Protection → Intermediate → Transitional → Advanced). Sling supports the arm; passive elevation early; ER capped and active/resisted IR withheld until the subscapularis has healed.

Phase Window Sling ROM Strengthening Notes
I — Protection Week 0–3 Full-time (off for hygiene + exercises) Passive elevation + gentle ER to the surgeon's limit only; pendulums; hand/elbow free None Protect subscapularis repair; no active shoulder motion; no behind-the-back / forced ER
II — Intermediate Week 4–6 Weaning Progress passive → active-assisted elevation; ER advanced within limit Scapular setting / isometrics as allowed Subscapularis still protected — no resisted internal rotation
III — Intermediate continued Week 7–8 Off Active ROM all planes progressing toward full Begin gentle cuff (incl. graded IR) + scapular work Subscapularis repair healing — IR loading introduced cautiously
IV — Transitional Week 9–11 Off Full active ROM goal Progressive resistance, low load → higher —
V — Advanced strengthening Week 12–16 Off Full, incl. rotation at 90° abduction Advanced strength/endurance; overhead stability Return to sport/heavy use on surgeon clearance, individualised

C. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Subscapularis management — tenotomy vs peel vs lesser-tuberosity osteotomy. Healing and functional-IR recovery drive the ER-restriction and IR-loading timeline; biomechanical and clinical data inform but do not settle the choice. Moderate (biomechanical + cohort).
  2. Early vs delayed / immobilisation — a single-blind RCT comparing early rehabilitation versus immobilisation after shoulder arthroplasty found broadly comparable outcomes, supporting a measured but not ultra-conservative early plan; subscapularis protection remains the governing constraint. Moderate (RCT).
  3. The phase timeline itself is consensus/expert (institutional protocols — MGH, BWH — and surgeon practice), not a defining rehab RCT. Phase weeks are typical, surgeon-adjustable. Weak/consensus.

D. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • MODERATE (RCT / biomechanical / cohort): early-rehab-vs-immobilisation after shoulder arthroplasty (RCT); subscapularis repair-technique biomechanics; durability/outcome of aTSA.
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the specific subscapularis-protective phase structure and ER/IR restriction timings (institutional protocols + surgeon preference; no defining rehab RCT).
  • CONTEXT: the protocol's measured early phase is appropriately keyed to subscapularis healing rather than the calendar.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • A randomized single-blinded trial of early rehabilitation versus immobilization after shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.005
  • A biomechanical evaluation of three surgical techniques for subscapularis repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.04.016
  • Deltoid fatigue part 2: a longitudinal assessment of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.019

Published rehab protocols (basis for the phase structure)

  • Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine. Rehabilitation Protocol for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Hemiarthroplasty (rev. Dec 2018). https://www.massgeneral.org/assets/MGH/pdf/orthopaedics/sports-medicine/physical-therapy/rehabilitation-protocol-for-total-shoulder-arthroplasty-and-hemi.pdf
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital. Total Shoulder Arthroplasty / Hemiarthroplasty Protocol. https://www.brighamandwomens.org/assets/bwh/patients-and-families/pdfs/shoulder---total-shoulder-arthroplasty-protocol.pdf

Note on the rehab evidence: there is no single defining RCT for the anatomic-TSA rehab protocol. The phase structure is the originating-institution / surgeon consensus, and the external-rotation ceiling and internal-rotation loading timeline are deliberately keyed to subscapularis repair healing — a surgeon-set, tissue-dependent decision. Treat phase weeks as typical, surgeon-adjustable defaults.

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