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How your wrist works

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Wrist anatomy – understanding the radius, ulna, and carpal bones is key to understanding wrist function.

Updated Apr 2026
一幅手绘插图,展示了一位解剖学讲师指向一个骨骼模型。
腕关节韧带后视图(格雷氏解剖学):致密的短韧带网络将八块腕骨相互连接,并将它们与桡骨、尺骨和手部相连。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

骨骼

您的手腕是前臂与手部之间繁忙的桥梁。它承受着举重、打字和推压等复杂的力量。可以将其视为一个需要旋转的精密铰链。

三块骨骼构成了主要结构。两根长骨沿前臂向下延伸。桡骨位于拇指侧。尺骨位于小指侧。这些骨骼与八块称为腕骨的小腕骨相接。

您可以在手腕的小指侧摸到尺骨的末端。它像一个小骨性突起一样突出。这就是尺骨头。桡骨较宽,位于拇指侧。您无法如此清晰地摸到它的末端。

腕骨分为两排。它们看起来像一簇小卵石。如果您轻轻按压手掌根部,可以感觉到它们。这些骨骼使您的手腕能够弯曲和倾斜。它们还能在您用手着地时吸收冲击力。

关节及其运动方式

您的手腕依赖于多个关节协同工作。每个关节都有特定的形状和功能。

主要的腕关节是桡腕关节。它是一种椭圆关节。这意味着它可以进行屈伸运动。它还可以向拇指或小指方向进行侧向倾斜。但是,它不能像球窝关节那样进行旋转。想象一块鹅卵石放在浅勺中。它可以向多个方向滚动,但位置保持不变。

拇指根部有一个特殊的关节。它是腕掌关节。它是一种鞍状关节。其形状允许您的拇指跨越手掌。这种运动使您能够用指尖相互触碰。这对于抓握和捏取动作至关重要。

前臂的骨骼围绕彼此旋转。这发生在近端和远端桡尺关节。它们是车轴关节。它们允许手掌朝上或朝下。转动门把手就利用了这种旋转运动。这种旋转均匀地发生在前臂全长,而不仅仅局限于肘部。

腕部的小骨头彼此滑过。它们是平面关节。它们允许微小的滑动运动。这增加了手腕运动的灵活性。

肌肉、肌腱和韧带

前臂的肌肉控制手腕和手指。它们并不位于手部,而是位于前臂。它们的长肌腱延伸至手部。

肌腱是连接肌肉与骨骼的坚韧索状结构。你可以在手腕的掌侧和背侧触及这些肌腱。当你握拳时,可以看到它们凸起。它们将手指和手腕拉至特定位置。

韧带是强韧的条索状组织。它们连接骨骼与骨骼。它们维持腕关节的稳定。掌侧桡腕韧带是关键的稳定结构。它防止手腕过度后伸。另一条韧带,即舟月韧带,将两块小型腕骨连接在一起。如果该韧带撕裂,手腕可能会感到不稳定。

可以将肌腱视为绳索。肌肉是拉动这些绳索的动力源。韧带则是将系统固定在一起的锚点。如果没有强韧的韧带,骨骼就会移位。

神经

神经在大脑与手部之间传递信号。它们控制运动和感觉。三条主要神经穿过腕部区域。

正中神经穿过腕管。腕管是位于手腕掌侧的一个狭窄通道。它负责拇指、食指和中指的感觉。它还控制拇指根部的一些小肌肉。此处的压迫会导致腕管综合征。

尺神经走行于手腕的小指侧。它经过尺骨头附近的沟槽。它负责小指和环指一半的感觉。它控制手部许多小肌肉。这些肌肉有助于精细的手指运动。

桡神经走行于手腕的背侧。它负责手背的感觉。它还协助伸展手腕和手指。如果该神经受损,您可能难以抬起手腕。

了解各神经的功能有助于解释您的症状。特定手指的麻木通常指向特定的神经。这有助于您的外科医生快速定位问题。


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