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De Quervain 腱鞘切开术

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De Quervain’s release surgery widens the tendon sheath to relieve pain from thumb tendon inflammation.

Updated Aug 2026
一幅手绘插图,描绘了一位无面的家长正抱着婴儿,其拇指侧手腕出现劳损。
芬克尔斯坦试验再现德奎尔万腱鞘炎的疼痛:将拇指握入拳中并向尺侧偏屈腕部,会牵拉发炎的肌腱。箭头标示了腕部桡侧典型的疼痛部位。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

本页面反映了罗克汉普顿 Mater 私人医院上肢外科医生 Kieran Hirpara 博士在门诊中处理此病的方式。您需经全科医生或物理治疗师转诊至我们的门诊。门诊评估可明确诊断。我们通常首先尝试非手术治疗,包括调整活动方式、手部治疗、夹板固定和注射治疗。当非手术治疗未能带来足够改善时,则进行手术。

如果您手腕拇指侧持续疼痛,则可能需要接受此手术。该病症称为 de Quervain 腱鞘炎。当第一背侧间室的肌腱受到刺激时,就会发生此病。该手术通过松解这些肌腱周围的紧张组织,减少摩擦和疼痛。旨在恢复拇指和手腕的平滑运动和功能。

手术前

您的外科医生将安排必要的检查,例如手腕X光片,以排除其他疼痛原因。请在手术前按要求禁食,并遵医嘱停用某些药物。请安排他人接送回家,因为您无法自行驾车。请携带所有当前服用的药物清单,并穿着舒适的衣物。我们通过开放入路进行该手术,在手术部位做一个常规的单一切口。这可以直接进入并松解导致您症状的紧张组织。您的外科医生将在术前评估中提供关于药物调整和禁食时间的具体指示。

手术当天

您将抵达医院或手术中心,并向我们的护理团队报到。他们将帮助您适应环境并为手术做好准备。您将面见麻醉师,讨论您的健康状况和麻醉方案。该手术可在局部麻醉(仅对手术区域进行注射以产生麻木感,您保持清醒)或全身麻醉(完全入睡)下进行。大多数人选择局部麻醉——恢复更快,且术后不久即可回家。如果您更倾向于全身麻醉,这也是一个合理的选择——请与您的外科医生和麻醉师讨论。

一旦准备就绪,您将被送入手术室。我们的外科医生将通过一个常规切口在疼痛部位进行开放手术。在整个过程中,团队将确保您的安全与舒适。手术结束后,您将在复苏区苏醒。护士将监测您的生命体征并处理任何不适。您将在此停留,直至病情稳定,并由一名负责任的成年人陪同回家。

手术过程

您的外科医生会在手腕掌侧做一个切口。这被称为掌侧入路。通过这个开口,您的外科医生可以进入第一背侧间隔。这是位于手腕拇指侧、容纳肌腱的组织隧道。

在手术过程中,您的外科医生会松解压迫这些肌腱的致密组织带。该组织带称为伸肌支持带。在某些情况下,您的外科医生可能会使用Z形成形术来延长该组织带。这涉及切割并重新排列组织,以确保其不会再次收紧。如果您的症状表明狭窄仅影响单独隔室中的某一特定肌腱,您的外科医生将探查两个间隔,以确保彻底缓解症状。

一旦压力解除,您的外科医生会用缝线缝合切口。随后会敷上敷料以保护该区域。这种开放松解术是治疗德奎尔万腱鞘炎的有效治疗方法。它通过将被困在限制性隧道中的肌腱释放出来,从而解决根本原因。

术后

您将在复苏室苏醒,手部已包扎敷料并缠绕软绷带。这通常作为日间手术进行,因此您预计当天即可回家,尽管偶尔患者需留院过夜。我们使用常规药物控制您的疼痛。术后24小时内必须有人陪同。抬高患肢以减轻肿胀。在伤口舒适且您能安全握住方向盘之前,请勿驾驶,这通常需要一到两周。有关详情,请参阅我们的指南 上肢手术后驾驶

恢复

在最初几天,您会注意到手腕和拇指周围出现肿胀和疼痛。这是正常现象。我们会抬高您的手部以帮助减轻肿胀。您可以佩戴夹板或绷带以增加舒适度。我们建议您在佩戴夹板期间避免驾驶。通常,当夹板拆除且您能够无痛地握住方向盘时,即可恢复驾驶。

您的主刀医生将指导您何时开始进行轻柔的活动。早期活动有助于防止关节僵硬。我们与 Extend Rehabilitation 的 Ruby Doolan 合作,以支持您的手部康复治疗。她将指导您进行简单的练习,以恢复手部力量和灵活性。待您的伤口愈合良好后,您将开始这些练习。

起初,扣衬衫纽扣或拿杯子等日常活动可能会感到不习惯。我们建议初期使用另一只手进行重物搬运。随着握力的改善,您可以逐渐恢复正常活动。您的恢复时间可能有所不同;您的主刀医生和物理治疗师将根据您手部的恢复情况为您提供指导。

可能出现的问题

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也会出现一些问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您,以便尽早发现任何异常。

如果您患有糖尿病,您的身体对初始治疗的反应可能有所不同。您可能会发现,单次类固醇注射未能提供预期的缓解效果。这种情况在糖尿病患者中比非糖尿病患者更常见。如果注射一次后您的症状仍未缓解,请告知您的外科医生。他们可能会与您讨论其他治疗方案。反复注射可能会降低长期成功率。不要认为更多的注射会自动解决问题。

由于德奎尔万腱鞘炎(De Quervain's syndrome)有时可能继发于损伤,因此了解您手腕的感觉非常重要。有时,创伤性病例在初期容易被漏诊,因为它们的发病率较低。如果您近期手腕或拇指受过伤,且疼痛持续不缓解,请告知您的外科医生。早期识别有助于制定正确的治疗路径。

如果保守治疗无效,您可能需要进行手术以松解紧张的腱鞘。如果您的拇指肌腱出现卡顿或弹响,通常需要进行此类手术。虽然此类手部手术的并发症罕见,但了解需要警惕的情况是有益的。如果您注意到任何异常变化,请联系诊所。

具体风险可能因所采用的手术技术而异。例如,某些方法可能会导致手背细小神经受到更高的刺激风险。您的外科医生会选择最适合您解剖结构并最小化这些风险的手术入路。由于该手术通过单个小切口进行,您应保持该区域清洁干燥。注意感染的迹象,例如红肿加剧、局部发热或伤口渗液。

如果您出现突然肿胀、休息后无法缓解的剧烈疼痛,或拇指/手部麻木,请立即寻求医疗建议。这些可能是需要紧急处理的迹象。如果症状迅速恶化,不要等待下一次预约。

本页的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率,供您参考具体数据。

何时联系我们

如果您出现发热、伤口红肿加重或分泌物增多,或突发剧烈疼痛,请立即联系我们。如果您发现小腿肿胀、呼吸困难、感觉丧失或无法活动手部,请前往急诊。这些症状需要紧急评估。我们希望确保您的康复进程顺利,并安全地管理您的症状。


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