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保持活跃以促进关节健康

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Why physical activity protects joints and tendons, how exercise helps osteoarthritis and recovery, and how to stay active safely.

一个人快步走。
规律的活动有助于保持关节、肌腱和肌肉的健康,并促进康复——运动即良药。 Kieran Hirpara 4.0

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

什么是关节健康运动

保持关节健康意味着通过特定的运动来维持关节的良好功能。这种方法不仅适用于患有严重磨损性关节炎的患者,还包括有氧运动、力量训练和柔韧性练习。您的医生可能会推荐这些活动,以帮助管理疼痛并改善您的活动能力。

您可以在关节置换手术后不久开始这些锻炼。如果在全膝关节置换术后12周内开始锻炼,您很可能会看到日常功能的改善。如果持续锻炼超过12周,您将增强肌肉力量和关节灵活性。这种长期努力有助于您的身体愈合并保持强健。

锻炼通过提高心肺功能发挥作用。它还能帮助您的大脑更好地理解疼痛信号。这种疼痛科学教育在与身体运动结合时最为有效,而非单独使用。虽然可穿戴设备不会改变您对关节健康的感受,但运动本身确实如此。对于扳机指或腕关节炎等疾病,锻炼可以减轻症状,并可能帮助您避免长期手术。

它有效吗?

锻炼是康复和长期关节健康的关键部分。如果您接受了全膝关节置换术,在 12 周内开始锻炼有助于改善活动能力。超过 12 周后开始锻炼仍然有帮助,但可能需要更长时间来建立肌肉力量和灵活性。

对于膝骨关节炎(磨损性关节炎),锻炼可以降低疼痛并改善功能。然而,目前的证据不足以确切说明您的感受会有多大程度的改善。有氧运动可以提高心肺功能。身心锻炼(如普拉提和太极)可能为缓解疼痛和改善日常功能提供最佳效果。太极还可能提高您的整体生活质量。

在锻炼计划中加入全身振动训练可以增强严重膝关节炎的治疗效果。对于拇指问题,使用手机游戏进行家庭锻炼可能比标准指导更能帮助您坚持锻炼计划。踝泵练习在下肢手术后至关重要,可预防血栓形成。

结果因病情而异。对于手、腕或肘部问题,肩胛(肩胛骨)锻炼通常不会导致功能上的显著变化。可穿戴活动追踪器似乎并不能改善您的主观感受或关节健康。对于扳机指,支具和锻炼在短期内有帮助,但我们无法证明它们优于其他保守治疗方法。

术前康复(手术前锻炼)很重要。在交叉韧带重建术之前,接受监督的个性化方案比自我指导的计划能带来更好的膝关节功能。腕骨关节炎术后,锻炼有助于在两年内管理症状,只有少数患者需要手术。

某些研究结果存在矛盾或局限性。我们尚不清楚全髋关节置换术是否仅适用于严重病例。需要更多的试验来证实这一点。虽然动物研究表明,短暂休息后进行适度的跑步机运动有助于愈合,但长期制动会损害恢复。

简而言之,锻炼对许多病症都有效,但受益程度取决于具体的关节和运动类型。您的医生将指导您制定合适的锻炼方案。

这是否适合您?

如果您在关节置换术后很快就能开始活动,您很可能会从中受益。在膝关节置换术后 12 周内开始锻炼有助于您恢复功能。如果持续锻炼超过 12 周,您将看到肌肉力量和关节灵活性的更大提升。这同样适用于髋关节和膝关节置换术。

如果您患有膝关节磨损性关节炎,您可能也会从中受益。有氧运动可以改善您的心肺功能。对于终末期膝关节关节炎,在常规锻炼中加入全身振动训练可以进一步促进效果。锻炼也可能有助于管理腕关节关节炎的症状,且在 24 个月内只有少数患者需要手术。

然而,这种方法并不适合所有人。使用可穿戴活动追踪器来监测您的运动并不能改善您的感受或生活质量。即使锻炼能带来轻微缓解,也可能无法为膝关节关节炎提供具有临床意义的疼痛缓解。同样,针对手部、腕部或肘部问题的特定锻炼往往达不到有意义的改善阈值。扳机指治疗显示出短期获益,但缺乏证据表明其优于其他保守治疗方案。

患者的恢复情况差异很大。这就是为什么您的医生应根据您的具体需求量身定制计划。不要假设严重的髋关节关节炎症状自动意味着您需要立即手术。坦诚地讨论您的目标和限制。共同决策确保该计划符合您的生活状况和健康状态。

结论

锻炼是管理关节健康、改善功能的一种实用方法。如果在膝关节置换术后保持活动超过12周,您会预期获得更好的力量和灵活性。有氧运动也有助于心脏和肺部健康。虽然锻炼通常能减轻疼痛,但具体益处因人而异。您的医生可能会推荐特定的锻炼方案,如普拉提或太极,以帮助您达到最佳状态。


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