Skip to content

Peptide Therapy in Musculoskeletal Medicine

Injectable and regenerative peptide therapies in orthopaedics and sports medicine — what the evidence shows for tendon, cartilage and bone healing, and where the hype outpaces the data.

Overview

Injectable peptide therapy possesses significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, but there is a current lack of evidence to support its clinical use in orthopaedic and sports medicine [1]. While specific applications show promise in preclinical or niche settings, broad clinical adoption remains unsupported by robust human data.

Topical formulations demonstrate rapid symptomatic relief. EGYFIL, a topical lotion containing hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe and reduces pain and stiffness in soft tissues during a 3-day treatment regimen, with effects observed as early as 3 hours after the first application [2]. In cartilage repair, therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor-functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [5]. Treatment of trochlear defects with only self-assembling peptide (KLD) or only microfracture results in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment, likely due to different underlying causes for each treatment [7].

Regenerative mechanisms are well-documented in animal models. BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability [3]. GHRP-2 administration reduces M1 macrophage polarization and enhances histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [6]. Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [8]. Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogels for BDNF delivery preserve axons and cause minimal inflammation in animals, indicating potential for developing therapies for severe spinal cord injury, although locomotor functional recovery was not observed [9].

Despite these mechanistic insights, clinical guidance for performance enhancement is cautious. The use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery is not recommended due to the absence of randomized controlled trials in human subjects and insufficient science to determine its effectiveness, safety profile, or clinical indications for sports enhancement [4].

Background & Causes

Injectable peptide therapy possesses significant therapeutic and regenerative potential [1]. Despite this potential, there is a current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of injectable peptides in orthopaedic and sports medicine [1].

Topical Peptide Formulations: EGYFIL, a topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues [2]. EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients during a 3-day treatment course [2]. EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness already after 3 hours from the first application [2].

Growth Factor and Peptide Augmentation: BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation [3]. BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting functional stability [3]. Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes [5].

BPC-157 in Sports Medicine: The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery [4]. There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the use of BPC-157 in human subjects [4]. The science is lacking to determine the overall effectiveness of BPC-157 for sports enhancement in athletes [4]. The science is lacking to determine the safety profile of BPC-157 for sports enhancement in athletes [4]. The science is lacking to determine the clinical indications of BPC-157 for sports enhancement in athletes [4].

Self-Assembling Peptides in Defect Repair: Treatment of trochlear defects with only KLD self-assembling peptides resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [7]. Treatment of trochlear defects with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment [7]. Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells [8].

Neurotrophic and Anti-Inflammatory Peptides: Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel as an injectable scaffold for BDNF delivery can improve regeneration after spinal cord injury [9]. Axon preservation was observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated hydrogel [9]. Minimal inflammation was observed in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated hydrogel [9].

Peptide Modulation of Inflammation and Healing: GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization in a rat rotator cuff tear model [6]. GHRP-2 enhanced histologic tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [6]. GHRP-2 enhanced biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [6].

Symptoms & Presentation

Injectable Peptide Therapy: Current evidence lacks sufficient support for the clinical use of injectable peptide therapy in orthopaedic and sports medicine settings [1].

Topical Peptide Therapy: The topical lotion EGYFIL demonstrates efficacy in reducing pain and stiffness in soft tissues. Clinical benefits are observed during a 3-day treatment period [2]. Onset of action is rapid, with reductions in pain and stiffness evident as early as 3 hours after the first application [2].

Management

Injectable Peptide Therapy: Current clinical use in orthopaedic and sports medicine lacks sufficient evidence to support its application [1]. Specifically, the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery is not recommended due to the absence of randomized controlled trials in human subjects and a lack of data regarding its effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications [4].

Topical Peptide Therapy: The topical lotion EGYFIL, containing hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues [2]. EGYFIL reduces pain and stiffness in patients within 3 days of treatment, with effects observed as early as 3 hours after the first application [2].

Peptide-Based Scaffolds and Hydrogels: Microfracture augmentation strategies, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective methods to improve cartilage healing outcomes in an equine model [5]. Treatment of trochlear defects with only self-assembling peptide (KLD) or only microfracture improves clinical symptoms compared to no treatment in an equine model [7].

Biological Activity and Differentiation: Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [8]. Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogels for BDNF delivery preserve axons and cause minimal inflammation in animals with spinal cord injury, indicating potential for further evaluation despite a lack of observed locomotor functional recovery [9].

Peptide Application in Tendon Healing: BMP-7 application enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability in a rat rotator cuff tear model [3]. GHRP-2 administration reduces M1 macrophage polarization and enhances histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model [6].

Key Considerations

Clinical Evidence Gap: Injectable peptide therapy possesses significant therapeutic and regenerative potential; however, current evidence does not support its clinical use in orthopaedic and sports medicine [1].

Topical Applications: The topical lotion EGYFIL, containing hyaluronic acid and peptides, is safe and reduces pain and stiffness in soft tissues during a 3-day treatment course, with effects observed as early as 3 hours after the first application [2].

Tendon-to-Bone Healing: In a rat rotator cuff tear model, BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability [3]. GHRP-2 administration reduces M1 macrophage polarization and enhances histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in the same model [6].

Cartilage and Defect Management: Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those using growth factor–functionalized self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffolds, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes in an equine model [5]. Treatment of clinically relevant trochlear defects with only self-assembling peptide (KLD) or only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment, likely due to different causes for each treatment [7].

Stem Cell Differentiation: Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells [8].

Neurological Applications: Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogels for BDNF delivery can improve axon preservation and cause minimal inflammation after spinal cord injury, although locomotor functional recovery was not observed in the animal model [9].

Sports Performance: The use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery is not recommended due to the absence of randomized controlled trials in human subjects and insufficient science to determine its effectiveness, safety profile, or clinical indications for sports enhancement [4].

Key Evidence

  • [L5] While peptide therapy may possess significant therapeutic and regenerative potential, it is critical that orthopaedic and sports medicine providers understand the current lack of evidence to support the clinical use of these peptides. (10.1177/03635465251357593)
  • [L4] EGYFIL is safe and seems to reduce pain and stiffness in patients during the 3 days of treatment, already after 3 h from the first application. (10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y)
  • [L5] BMP-7 application significantly enhances the quality of tendon-to-bone healing by promoting structural maturation and functional stability. (10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003)
  • [L5] The authors do not recommend the use of BPC-157 for sports performance and recovery because there are no randomized controlled trials investigating its use in human subjects, and the science is clearly lacking to determine the overall effectiveness, safety profile, and clinical indications for sports enhancement in athletes. (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005)
  • [L5] Therapeutic strategies for microfracture augmentation, such as those presented in this study, can be cost-effective ways to improve cartilage healing outcomes. (10.1177/03635465211021798)
  • [L5] GHRP-2 administration reduced M1 macrophage polarization and enhanced histologic and biomechanical tendon-bone healing properties in a rat rotator cuff tear model. (10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094)
  • [L5] Treatment of defects with only KLD or with only microfracture resulted in an improvement in clinical symptoms compared with no treatment; the improvement likely resulted from different causes depending on the treatment. (10.2106/jbjs.m.01408)
  • [L5] The functionalized self-assembled peptide promotes the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. (10.1186/s13018-022-03102-8)
  • [L5] Although locomotor functional recovery was not observed, axon preservation and minimal inflammation in animals treated with BDNF-incorporated hydrogel indicate the potentiality of the designed intervention for further evaluations in the path of developing efficient therapies for severe spinal cord injury. (10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.027)

References

[1] Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251357593

[2] A pre-market interventional, single-arm clinical investigation of a new topical lotion based on hyaluronic acid and peptides, EGYFILTM, for the treatment of pain and stiffness in soft tissues. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2023. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06903-y

[3] Effects of BMP-7 and Low Molecular Weight Peptide Solution on Healing in a Rotator Cuff Tear Model: A Histopathological and Biomechanical Study in Rats. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.04.003

[4] Injectable Therapeutic Peptides—An Adjunct to Regenerative Medicine and Sports Performance?. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.09.005

[5] Microfracture Augmentation With Trypsin Pretreatment and Growth Factor–Functionalized Self-assembling Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold in an Equine Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021798

[6] Growth Hormone–Releasing Peptide 2 May Be Associated With Decreased M1 Macrophage Production and Increased Histologic and Biomechanical Tendon‐Bone Healing Properties in a Rat Rotator Cuff Tear Model. Arthroscopy. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.11.094

[7] Effects of the Combination of Microfracture and Self-Assembling Peptide Filling on the Repair of a Clinically Relevant Trochlear Defect in an Equine Model. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01408

[8] Self-assembling peptides with hBMP7 biological activity promote the differentiation of ADSCs into nucleus pulposus-like cells. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03102-8

[9] Biofunctionalized peptide-based hydrogel as an injectable scaffold for BDNF delivery can improve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Injury. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.12.027

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.