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Reparo do Tendão Extensor

Plano de recuperação após reparo de um tendão extensor na parte dorsal do dedo ou da mão (zonas IV a VII), utilizando uma tala de movimento relativo (em yoke) que permite o uso imediato da mão enquanto protege o reparo, seguida da descontinuação gradual da tala e do fortalecimento em etapas cuidadosas.

Ilustração dos tendões extensores se espalhando pela parte dorsal da mão e dos dedos.
Os tendões extensores que estendem os dedos correm pela parte dorsal da mão; após o reparo, eles são protegidos enquanto a junção cicatriza. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Este protocolo orienta a sua recuperação após a reparação cirúrgica de um tendão extensor (um dos tendões na parte posterior do dedo ou da mão que estende o dedo) com o Dr. Kieran Hirpara no Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Abrange reparações na parte posterior do dedo, mão e punho (as zonas que os cirurgiões designam como IV a VII). Não abrange o dedo em martelo (uma reparação na ponta do dedo) nem a reparação do deslizamento central / boutonnière sobre a articulação média; estes casos seguem planos diferentes. Inicia com o seu programa de exercícios em casa, seguido do protocolo clínico estruturado escrito para o seu terapeuta da mão. Traga esta página ou o respetivo PDF para a sua primeira sessão de terapia, de modo a que a reabilitação seja coordenada. O seu terapeuta pode ajustar o plano consoante a evolução da sua recuperação.

Se tiver alguma preocupação sobre a sua ferida após a cirurgia, entre em contacto com a clínica. É frequentemente útil tirar uma fotografia da ferida e enviá-la por e-mail para avaliação.

O que esperar

O reparo do tendão extensor sutura um tendão dividido de volta no dorso do dedo ou da mão. O método antigo de proteger esse reparo era imobilizar a mão com uma tala durante várias semanas, mas isso frequentemente deixava os dedos rígidos e com recuperação lenta. Em vez disso, sua recuperação utiliza uma abordagem moderna e inteligente chamada reabilitação de movimento relativo (método Merritt).

A chave é uma pequena tala chamada yoke (ou tala em Y), usada no dorso da mão. Ela mantém a articulação metacarpofalângica do dedo reparado em uma posição cerca de 15 a 20 graus mais estendida do que as articulações dos dedos adjacentes. Essa pequena diferença alivia silenciosamente a carga sobre o tendão em cicatrização, permitindo que você comece a usar a mão imediatamente, de forma suave e dentro dos limites do conforto, em vez de esperar várias semanas com a mão imobilizada. O movimento precoce dessa maneira protegida mantém o deslizamento do tendão para evitar aderências, enquanto o deslocamento impede que ele seja submetido a sobrecarga excessiva.

Para a maioria dos reparos (nas zonas comuns no dorso do dedo e da mão), o yoke por si só é tudo o que você precisa. Para alguns reparos (aqueles mais próximos do pulso, reparos mais fracos ou onde proteção adicional é sensata), uma tala de pulso é adicionada também nas primeiras semanas. Seu terapeuta da mão informará se você também tem uma tala de pulso.

O plano então se desenvolve em etapas cuidadosas: o yoke é usado em tempo integral por cerca de seis semanas e reduzido gradualmente a partir da semana cinco; o movimento acoplado do pulso e dos dedos é adicionado nas semanas intermediárias; o fortalecimento começa por volta das oito semanas; e a atividade plena retorna por volta de dez a doze semanas, após o reparo estar consolidado.

Precauções e limitações

  • Use a tala em Y o tempo todo durante as primeiras seis semanas, inclusive para exercícios e tarefas diárias, e remova-a ou reduza o uso apenas conforme orientado pelo seu terapeuta da mão. O seu terapeuta da mão informará se você também tem uma tala para o pulso.
  • Faça uso leve da mão com a tala nas atividades diárias desde o início, dentro do conforto. NÃO realize nenhuma atividade de levantamento, preensão forçada ou trabalho com resistência nas primeiras várias semanas.
  • NÃO inicie fortalecimento de preensão ou pinça até receber autorização, geralmente por volta das oito semanas.
  • NÃO feche o punho completamente com força nem force o dedo precocemente; mova-se apenas nas amplitudes suaves e controladas que lhe forem demonstradas.
  • Mantenha as articulações menores dos dedos em movimento para evitar rigidez; o endireitamento passivo suave ajuda nisso.

Para o manejo de feridas, edema e cicatrizes, consulte as orientações de cuidados com a ferida da clínica.

Seus exercícios

Estes são os exercícios do seu material didático. Inicie-os apenas conforme orientado pelo Dr. Hirpara e pelo seu terapeuta da mão, mantendo-se dentro da amplitude e dos limites que lhe foram indicados. Os exercícios iniciais são realizados com a talabarte em Y em uso: flexões suaves das juntas dos dedos e flexões dos dedos que deslizam o tendão reparado por uma distância segura e controlada, sem sobrecarregá-lo. Os movimentos acoplados do punho e dos dedos, bem como o fortalecimento da preensão e da pinça, pertencem a fases posteriores e não devem ser iniciados até que você receba liberação específica para tal. Interrompa qualquer atividade que cause dor aguda na parte dorsal do dedo ou da mão.

Seu protocolo clínico

O restante desta página é o protocolo clínico escalonado para reabilitação após reparo do tendão extensor (zonas IV a VII) utilizando extensão de movimento relativo (RME). Esta seção deve ser fornecida ao seu terapeuta da mão, e cada fase inicia-se com uma explicação em linguagem simples do que está ocorrendo. O reparo é protegido por uma tala de yoke que mantém o MCP do dígito reparado 15 a 20 graus mais estendido do que os dígitos adjacentes, descarregando o excursionamento ativo do extensor por meio do efeito quadriga e das juncturae tendineae, de modo que o movimento ativo imediato é seguro.

Antes do tratamento, verifique o relatório cirúrgico do paciente e o histórico médico, e entre em contato com o cirurgião assistente em relação à(s) zona(s) reparada(s), tendão(ões) envolvido(s), força do reparo e se uma órtese de punho suplementar está indicada. A abordagem padrão do Dr. Hirpara para as zonas V e VI é yoke sozinho (tala de extensão de movimento relativo, MCP reparado mantido 15–20° mais estendido do que os vizinhos). Uma órtese de punho (~20–25° de extensão, nas primeiras ~3 semanas) é adicionada para a zona VII, reparos mais fracos ou pacientes não compliantes. Este protocolo é apenas para reparos extensores dorsais das zonas IV–VII, NÃO para mallet (zonas I–II) ou slip central/boutonnière (zona III).

Fase I — talabarte (± tala de pulso), uso ativo imediato (semanas 0 a 3)

As primeiras três semanas protegem a reparação com o talabarte, enquanto o paciente utiliza a mão ativamente desde o início. O desvio de extensão relativo de 15–20° descarrega a reparação, pelo que o deslizamento ativo controlado é incentivado desde o início. É permitido o uso funcional leve na tala; sem levantamento de peso ou preensão resistida.

Para o seu terapeuta da mão:

Educação e precauções - Aplicar o talabarte / tala de extensão de movimento relativo: a articulação MCP do dito reparado mantida 15–20° mais em extensão do que os ditos adjacentes; usar tempo integral - Adicionar uma órtese de pulso (~20–25° de extensão) apenas nas primeiras ~3 semanas para zonas VII / reparações mais fracas / pacientes não compliantes (o talabarte isolado é o padrão para as zonas V–VI) - Incentiva-se o uso leve da mão na tala; SEM levantamento de peso, preensão forçada ou trabalho resistido - Evitar o punho composto forçado; manter os intervalos de movimento controlados

Gestão - Ferida: curativos cirúrgicos conforme indicado; monitorizar infeção - Edema: elevação, bombeamento digital suave, gelo conforme necessário - Exercícios (na tala, a cada ~2 h): ativo intrínseco-plus (flexão da MCP com IPs em extensão) e intrínseco-minus / gancho (extensão da MCP com flexão dos IPs); extensão passiva dos IPs diariamente para prevenir rigidez dos IPs - Iniciar a gestão da cicatriz assim que a ferida estiver cicatrizada

Critérios para progressão - Ferida a estabilizar; sem desenvolvimento de lag extensor; movimento ativo controlado confortável na tala às ~3 semanas

Fase II — imobilização do punho removida, talas de yoke continua, movimento acoplado (semanas 3 a 6)

A partir de aproximadamente três semanas, qualquer imobilização suplementar do punho é descontinuada (a talas de yoke continua em uso integral). O movimento acoplado do punho e dos dedos (tenodese) e a flexão/extensão ativa composta são adicionados, aumentando o deslizamento dos tendões de forma controlada e segura para o reparo.

Para o seu terapeuta da mão:

Avaliações - ROM ativo e passivo (MCP e IP), lag extensor, dor e inchaço; revisão da ferida/cicatriz

Educação e precauções - Descontinuar a imobilização do punho suplementar (se foi utilizada); continuar a talas de yoke em uso integral - Progressão gradual do movimento; ainda SEM aderência resistida ou fortalecimento

Conduta - Exercícios: adicionar movimento acoplado do punho e dos dedos (tenodese) e flexão/extensão ativa composta; continuar deslizamento intrínseco-plus/intrínseco-minus e extensão passiva dos IP; uso funcional leve dentro da talas de yoke - Continuar a massagem cicatricial após a cicatrização

Critérios para progressão - ROM ativo composto progredindo até ~6 a 8 semanas; sem lag extensor; dor em resolução

Fase III — desmamar o talabarte, fortalecer, retornar (semanas 6 a 12)

A partir da quinta a sexta semana, o talabarte é descontinuado. O fortalecimento progressivo da preensão e da pinça inicia-se por volta das oito semanas, após a consolidação do reparo, evoluindo gradualmente até a retomada plena das atividades entre dez e doze semanas.

Para o seu terapeuta da mão:

Avaliações - Amplitude de movimento (AM) ativa e passiva completa, lag extensor, força de preensão/pinça em comparação com o lado contralateral; testes funcionais e específicos para o trabalho, conforme apropriado

Educação e precauções - Descontinuar o talabarte a partir da ~semana 5, totalmente removido por volta da semana 6, conforme a mobilidade e o controle permitirem - Introduzir fortalecimento progressivo da preensão/pinça a partir da semana 8 (não antes) - Aumentar a resistência gradualmente até a atividade plena entre 10 e 12 semanas

Conduta - Exercícios: fortalecimento gradual da preensão e da pinça (compressão de bola/argila, pinça) a partir da semana 8; resistência progressiva; continuar qualquer trabalho residual de mobilidade e extensão das articulações interfalangianas - Considerar a alta quando a mobilidade e a força estiverem quase simétricas e o retorno funcional for alcançado - Considerar a reencaminhamento ao médico assistente se persistir lag extensor, estagnação da mobilidade ou se houver resultado insatisfatório

Critérios para retorno à atividade plena - AM completa e indolor, sem lag extensor significativo; preensão/pinça quase simétrica; ~10 a 12 semanas

Retornar ao trabalho e às atividades

O uso leve da mão na tala em Y (comer, escrever, vestir-se, cuidados pessoais leves) é incentivado desde o início, dentro do conforto, desde que não envolva levantamento de peso, preensão forçada ou trabalho resistido. O fortalecimento começa por volta das oito semanas, e a atividade plena e sem restrições retorna por volta de dez a doze semanas, após a consolidação da reparação e a restauração da amplitude de movimento e da força, conforme avaliado pelo Dr. Hirpara e pelo seu terapeuta da mão, e não apenas pelo calendário.

Dirigir: o uso leve da mão na tala em Y é permitido, portanto a direção não é proibida, mas você deve ser capaz de segurar o volante e controlar o veículo com segurança, inclusive em situações de emergência. Para a maioria das pessoas, isso significa retomar a direção à medida que a tala em Y é descontinuada (por volta das seis semanas); pode ser antes, se você puder controlar o carro com conforto, e seu cirurgião confirmar quando for seguro para você.

Após o seu protocolo

Este protocolo complementa as orientações gerais de recuperação da clínica: consulte o controlo da dor pós-operatória, os cuidados com a ferida e a gestão da cicatriz. O plano por fases acima descrito reflete as orientações de reabilitação publicadas após a reparação do tendão extensor com extensão de movimento relativo, e a sua recuperação contínua é orientada individualmente pelo Dr. Hirpara e pelo seu terapeuta da mão, de acordo com a evolução da sua mão.


Evidence & references

Extensor Tendon Repair — Procedure Outcomes & Post-operative Rehabilitation (Relative-Motion Extension, Zones IV–VII)

Topic scope: post-operative rehabilitation after primary repair of an extensor tendon on the dorsum of the finger, hand or wrist — zones IV to VII — managed by relative-motion extension (RME / Merritt yoke splint, the ICAM family of regimens). This is a tendon repair (a construct that must heal under controlled load), but the relative-motion approach lets that load be applied immediately and actively rather than after weeks of immobilisation. This page does not cover mallet finger (zones I–II) or central-slip / boutonnière repair (zone III), which follow different regimens.

Defining principle of the rehab here: a yoke (relative-motion) splint holds the repaired digit's MCP joint 15–20° more extended than its neighbours. By the quadriga effect and the juncturae tendineae, this small relative offset offloads the repaired tendon — it reduces the active extensor excursion demanded of the healing repair (from roughly 12 mm of excursion in normal active extension to about 6 mm within the splint). That residual ~6 mm is enough to keep the tendon gliding and prevent adhesions, but too little to rupture the repair — which is why immediate active motion is safe. The single common branch point is whether a supplementary wrist orthosis (~20–25° extension, first ~3 weeks) is added for zone VII, weaker repairs, or non-compliant patients; the yoke alone is the default for zones V–VI.


A. PROCEDURE / REPAIR OUTCOMES (relative-motion vs immobilisation)

Extensor tendon repair on the back of the hand is reliable; the principal modern question is how to rehabilitate it — protected immobilisation versus an early-active programme such as relative-motion extension — not whether repair works.

  • The mechanism that makes immediate active motion safe is well established. The 15–20° relative MCP-extension offset offloads the repair via the quadriga effect and the juncturae tendineae, cutting active extensor excursion from ~12 mm (normal) to ~6 mm within the splint — enough to prevent adhesions, too little to rupture. Cadaveric and mechanistic work underpins this rationale [Merritt, Wong & Lalonde 2020]. Strong (mechanistic + cadaveric).
  • Relative-motion regimens match or improve on traditional early-active and immobilisation pathways. A randomised controlled trial in zones V–VI found relative-motion extension delivered earlier return of hand function and higher patient satisfaction with equivalent total active motion (TAM) versus the comparator early-active programme [Collocott RCT 2020]. A systematic review reported earlier return to work with equivalent range of motion and complication rates [Collocott review 2017]. Moderate–strong (1 RCT + SR; RME studies of generally lower methodological quality).
  • Yoke-alone (no wrist splint) is supported for the common zones. Case series of relative-motion extension without a supplementary wrist orthosis for zones IV–VI report no ruptures, supporting yoke-alone as the default for these zones with the wrist orthosis reserved for zone VII / weaker / non-compliant repairs [Hirth 2021; Howell ICAM]. Moderate.
  • The functional gain over immobilisation is large and practical. Early-active relative-motion programmes report return to work at roughly 17–25 days, versus the 3–4 months typical of immobilisation regimens — the headline advantage that has driven adoption [Collocott review 2017; Howell ICAM]. Moderate.

B. REHABILITATION / THERAPY EVIDENCE

The central rehab questions are (1) immobilise or move early, (2) is a wrist splint needed in addition to the yoke, and (3) how long must the splint stay on. The evidence favours early relative motion, supports yoke-alone for zones V–VI, and suggests splint duration can be shorter than the traditional six weeks without penalty.

  • Early active motion via relative-motion extension is the modern default. The original technique description [Merritt 2014] and the clinical scheduling / yoke construction work [Lutz 2015] established a reproducible programme: immediate active intrinsic-plus and intrinsic-minus motion in the yoke, progressing to coupled (tenodesis) motion, weaning, then strengthening. Moderate (technique + cohort).
  • A supplementary wrist splint is optional, not mandatory. Yoke-alone case series for zones IV–VI report no ruptures; the wrist orthosis (~20–25° extension, first ~3 weeks) is added selectively for zone VII, weaker repairs, or poor compliance [Hirth 2021; Howell ICAM]. Moderate (selective use).
  • Splint duration may be shortened. A comparison of 4-week versus 6-week splinting found no difference in outcome, suggesting the traditional six-week full-time period can be safely abbreviated in selected patients [Svens 2015]. This page keeps full-time wear ~6 weeks (weaned from ~wk 5) as the conservative default while acknowledging the shorter option. Moderate (1 comparative study).
  • The field is moving toward wider use of relative motion. A recent international consensus endorses broader application of relative-motion rehabilitation, including beyond its original zone V–VI indication [Tang consensus 2025]. Consensus.

Recovery trajectory (expected, evidence-anchored)

Phase Window Splint / restraint Hand use / therapy focus Strength / load Notes
I — Yoke (± wrist splint), immediate active use Week 0–3 Yoke full-time (repaired MCP 15–20° more extended); wrist orthosis ~20–25° ext only for zone VII / weak / non-compliant Active intrinsic-plus (MCP flex, IPs straight) and intrinsic-minus / hook every ~2 h; passive IP extension daily; light use in the splint Light functional use only; no lifting / resisted grip Relative offset offloads repair (~12 mm → ~6 mm excursion); active motion is safe from day one
II — Wrist splint off, yoke continues Week 3–6 Discontinue any wrist splint; yoke continues full-time Add coupled wrist-and-finger (tenodesis) motion + composite active flexion/extension; light functional use; scar massage once healed Still no resisted grip Composite active ROM building; watch for extensor lag
III — Wean yoke, strengthen, return Week 6–12 Yoke weaned from ~wk 5, off ~wk 6 Progress full active motion; commence grip/pinch strengthening from week 8 Graded strengthening from wk 8 → full activity ~10–12 wk Return to work as early as ~17–25 days reported; full unrestricted activity ~10–12 wk

(Phase windows mirror the precautions and recovery structure in the patient protocol; they are typical guides, not trial-derived deadlines. Splint duration may be safely shortened toward 4 weeks in selected patients.)


C. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. Relative motion vs traditional immobilisation / other early-active regimens. One RCT (zones V–VI) and a systematic review favour relative-motion extension for earlier hand function, earlier return to work, higher satisfaction, with equivalent TAM and complications — though RME studies are generally of lower methodological quality, so the effect size is moderately rather than strongly certain. Moderate–strong.
  2. Wrist splint: needed or not? Yoke-alone gives good results with no ruptures in zone IV–VI series; the supplementary wrist orthosis is selective (zone VII / weaker / non-compliant). The defensible default is yoke-alone for the common zones — hence the page wording that the hand therapist will advise if a wrist splint also applies. Moderate.
  3. How long to splint. Traditional full-time wear is ~6 weeks; a 4-vs-6-week comparison showed no difference, so duration can be individualised and potentially shortened. Moderate.
  4. The 15–20° offset itself. The specific relative-extension increment is consensus-derived (it must offload enough to protect but leave enough excursion to glide); it rests on sound mechanism rather than a dose-finding trial. Consensus.
  5. Extending relative motion beyond zones V–VI (e.g. to sagittal-band injury and selected boutonnière/central-slip cases). The 2025 consensus endorses wider use, but evidence outside the core zones is weak–moderate, which is why this page deliberately scopes to zones IV–VII and excludes zone III. Weak–moderate.

D. EVIDENCE STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • STRONG: the mechanism — relative 15–20° MCP-extension offset offloads the repair (quadriga + juncturae tendineae; ~12 mm → ~6 mm active excursion) making immediate active motion safe (mechanistic + cadaveric).
  • MODERATE–STRONG: relative-motion extension is at least as good as other early-active-motion regimens (1 RCT zones V–VI: earlier hand function, higher satisfaction, equal TAM; SR: earlier return to work, equal ROM/complications) — tempered by the lower methodological quality of RME studies.
  • MODERATE: wrist-splint-optional (yoke-alone, no ruptures in zone IV–VI series); 4-vs-6-week splint duration (no difference); return to work ~17–25 days vs 3–4 months for immobilisation.
  • CONSENSUS: the specific 15–20° offset increment; broader application of relative motion (Tang 2025).
  • WEAK–MODERATE: extension of the technique to sagittal-band / boutonnière (central-slip) injuries outside the core zones.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Merritt WH. Relative motion splint: active motion after extensor tendon injury and repair. J Hand Surg Am. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.015
  • Merritt WH, Wong AL, Lalonde DH. Recent developments are changing extensor tendon management (relative motion / quadriga mechanism). Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020. DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006556
  • Lutz K, et al. Relative motion extension splinting for extensor tendon repair — clinical schedule and yoke. Hand Clin. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2014.12.006
  • Collocott SJF, et al. Relative motion flexion versus relative motion extension / early active motion after extensor tendon repair (zones V–VI): a randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.10.003
  • Collocott SJF, Kelly E, Ellis RG. A systematic review of relative-motion orthoses for the management of extensor tendon repairs. Hand Ther. 2017. DOI: 10.1177/1758998317729713
  • Svens B, et al. Four-week versus six-week immobilisation comparison after extensor tendon repair. J Hand Ther. 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2014.07.006
  • Hirth MJ, et al. Relative-motion approaches in extensor tendon rehabilitation. J Hand Ther. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.12.016
  • Tang JB, et al. International consensus on relative-motion rehabilitation and extensor tendon management. J Hand Surg (Eur Vol). 2025. DOI: 10.1177/17531934251363138

Extensor tendon rehabilitation literature (URLs)

  • Howell JW, Merritt WH, Robinson SJ. Immediate Controlled Active Motion (ICAM) following zone 4–7 extensor tendon repair. J Hand Ther / PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3574475/

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b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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