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Liberação do cotovelo de tenista

Tennis elbow release surgery — for persistent pain despite physiotherapy and other conservative treatments.

Updated May 2026
Uma ilustração desenhada à mão de uma pessoa sem rosto segurando uma raquete de tênis.
Cotovelo de tenista: o tendão extensor degenerou onde se insere no epicôndilo lateral (a protuberância óssea na parte externa do cotovelo). A operação de liberação remove o tecido tendinoso danificado. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Por que esta operação foi sugerida

O cotovelo de tenista é uma condição comum na qual os tendões na parte externa do cotovelo se tornam dolorosos e inflamados. A maioria das pessoas se recupera em seis meses a um ano sem cirurgia, e cerca de 90% dos pacientes observam que seus sintomas resolvem espontaneamente dentro de um ano. Como o seu cirurgião não pode prever quem se curará sem ajuda, geralmente recomenda-se tentar tratamentos não cirúrgicos primeiro.

O seu cirurgião sugeriu esta operação porque você tem sintomas persistentes que não melhoraram com o tratamento padrão. Este procedimento envolve fazer um único corte pequeno para liberar o tendão tenso que causa sua dor. Ele é indicado para o pequeno grupo de pacientes que não respondem a outros métodos. O objetivo principal é proporcionar alívio duradouro da dor e ajudá-lo a retornar às suas atividades normais.

Antes da cirurgia

A maioria das pessoas com cotovelo de tenista melhora sem cirurgia, por isso, o seu cirurgião pode sugerir tentar tratamentos não cirúrgicos primeiro. Pode ser necessário realizar uma radiografia ou ressonância magnética para avaliar o seu cotovelo, ou exames de sangue para garantir que está apto para o procedimento. Por favor, jejue antes da sua cirurgia e interrompa o uso de certos medicamentos conforme as instruções do seu cirurgião. Organize-se para que alguém o leve para casa e traga uma lista de todos os seus medicamentos atuais. Vista roupas confortáveis para a sua consulta. O seu cirurgião realizará uma operação aberta utilizando uma única incisão sobre a área dolorida.

No dia da cirurgia

Você chegará ao hospital e conhecerá seu cirurgião e o anestesiologista. Eles revisarão seu estado de saúde e responderão a quaisquer perguntas que você tenha antes de ser levado para o centro cirúrgico. Esta cirurgia é realizada sob anestesia geral. Você estará completamente adormecido durante o procedimento. Alguns pacientes também podem receber um bloqueio nervoso regional para alívio da dor pós-operatória; o anestesiologista decidirá no dia da cirurgia com base nas suas circunstâncias individuais.

Seu cirurgião fará uma única incisão convencional sobre o local da cirurgia para realizar a liberação. O procedimento em si é breve, e você acordará na sala de recuperação à medida que os efeitos da anestesia passarem. Você descansará por um curto período enquanto a equipe de enfermagem verificar se você está confortável e estável antes de ser liberado para ir para casa.

O que a cirurgia envolve

O seu cirurgião fará um único corte sobre a parte externa do seu cotovelo. Esta é uma abordagem aberta, o que significa que eles trabalham diretamente através desta única incisão, em vez de usar pequenas câmeras de laparoscopia. Eles separarão cuidadosamente os tecidos para alcançar o tendão que está causando sua dor.

No interior, o seu cirurgião removerá a parte danificada do tendão onde ele se conecta ao osso. Eles também podem raspar suavemente a superfície do osso para estimular a cicatrização. Este processo é chamado de liberação. Ele remove o tecido desgastado que já não funciona adequadamente. Uma vez que a área danificada seja limpa, o seu cirurgião fechará o corte com pontos ou cola.

O procedimento concentra-se apenas no local específico onde o tendão está desgastado. O seu cirurgião não precisará usar âncoras ou parafusos especiais para esta liberação. Eles simplesmente removerão o tecido danificado e permitirão que o seu corpo cuide do restante. Esta abordagem direta permite que eles vejam exatamente o que precisa ser corrigido.

Após a cirurgia

Você acordará na sala de recuperação. Seu cirurgião utiliza uma única incisão convencional sobre o cotovelo. Você terá um curativo e uma muleta ou órtese no braço. A dor é controlada com medicação padrão. Este é geralmente um procedimento ambulatorial, portanto, você pode esperar ir para casa no mesmo dia, embora ocasionalmente os pacientes fiquem internados durante a noite. Você deve ter alguém para ficar com você nas primeiras 24 horas para ajudá-lo. A maioria dos pacientes melhora rapidamente, embora a recuperação completa possa levar de 12 a 18 meses.

Recuperação

A maioria das pessoas com cotovelo de tenista observa que os seus sintomas desaparecem espontaneamente no prazo de um ano. O seu corpo segue um ritmo de cicatrização constante, resolvendo frequentemente a dor entre três a quatro meses. Como a recuperação ocorre naturalmente na maioria dos casos, a cirurgia é geralmente reservada para aqueles que não melhoram com repouso e terapia. Se proceder à cirurgia, pode esperar uma satisfação próxima de 90% com os resultados.

Após a sua cirurgia aberta, terá uma única incisão pequena sobre a zona dolorosa do cotovelo. Nos primeiros dias, pode sentir algum inchaço e desconforto nesta área. O seu cirurgião irá orientá-lo sobre a utilização de uma muleta ou órtese para proteger o braço enquanto descansa. Provavelmente terá de dormir com o braço ligeiramente elevado para ajudar a reduzir o inchaço.

À medida que o inchaço diminui, iniciará exercícios de movimento suave com o seu fisioterapeuta. O foco será recuperar a força e a amplitude de movimento sem sobrecarregar o tendão em cicatrização. O seu cirurgião indicará quando for seguro retomar as tarefas diárias, como conduzir ou levantar pesos. O seu cronograma específico pode diferir do de outras pessoas, por isso siga atentamente as orientações da sua equipa de cirurgião e fisioterapia.

O que pode dar errado

A maioria dos pacientes tem uma boa evolução, mas problemas podem ocorrer ocasionalmente. O seu cirurgião e a equipa monitorizam-no de perto para detetar qualquer problema precocemente.

Por vezes, a dor no cotovelo lateral não desaparece após a cirurgia. Isto é mais provável se tiver recebido várias injecções antes da operação. Se os seus sintomas não melhorarem, informe o seu cirurgião na sua próxima consulta de acompanhamento.

A infeção é um risco possível com a cirurgia aberta. Pode notar vermelhidão a espalhar-se a partir da incisão, calor ou inchaço que piora. Se vir estes sinais, ligue para a clínica imediatamente para que possam tratar a infeção.

Raramente, a cirurgia pode não funcionar suficientemente bem, e pode precisar de outra operação mais tarde. Isto é incomum, mas se a sua dor voltar ou piorar ao longo do tempo, informe o seu cirurgião.

O seu cirurgião utiliza uma abordagem aberta com uma única incisão sobre o cotovelo. Embora existam outros métodos, esta técnica específica apresenta um risco semelhante de complicações em comparação com outras formas de realizar a cirurgia.

A tabela de complicações nesta página lista as taxas típicas, caso queira os detalhes específicos.

Quando ligar para nós

Ligue para nós se você tiver febre, vermelhidão crescente ou secreção na ferida. Vá para a emergência se sentir dor intensa súbita, inchaço na panturrilha ou falta de ar. Entre em contato conosco imediatamente se perder a sensibilidade ou não conseguir mover o braço. A maioria dos casos de cotovelo de tenista resolve-se em até 6 meses sem cirurgia. No entanto, precisamos vê-lo se os sintomas não melhorarem ou piorarem.


Evidence & references

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

  • The pathologic tissue in tennis elbow involves the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon [1].
  • The origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is visualized during arthroscopic tennis elbow release [1].
  • Decortication of the lateral epicondyle and lateral epicondylar ridge is performed to address pathologic tendinous attachment [1].
  • Undersurface tears of the extensor carpi radialis brevis are a finding in tennis elbow release procedures [1].
  • Medial capsular injury may occur and allow excessive fluid extravasation during arthroscopic elbow procedures [1].
  • A 30-degree arthroscope is adequate to view around the corner for most of the arthroscopic tennis elbow release procedure [1].
  • A 70-degree arthroscope may be required in rare instances during arthroscopic tennis elbow release [1].
  • The proximal medial or superomedial portal is located approximately 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and 1 cm anterior to the intermuscular septum [1].
  • The trocar and sheath for the proximal medial or superomedial portal are introduced anterior to the intermuscular septum [1].
  • The trocar is directed toward the radial head while maintaining contact with the anterior aspect of the humerus [1].
  • The superolateral portal is established with an 18-gauge needle through the lesion [1].
  • Debridement of the capsule and pathologic tendinous attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is performed using a curet and motorized shaver [1].
  • Decortication of the lateral epicondyle can be done with an arthroscopic burr, handheld instruments, or electrocautery [1].

Treatment

  • Arthroscopic tennis elbow release is described as technique 52.39 [1].
  • The patient is placed prone on the operating table after intubation [1].
  • Two rolled towels are placed longitudinally under the patient's thorax [1].
  • All bony prominences are padded well [1].
  • The affected extremity is positioned with the ipsilateral shoulder abducted to 90 degrees [1].
  • The arm is supported with a precut foam holder [1].
  • Anatomic landmarks and portal sites are marked prior to the procedure [1].
  • The joint is distended with 20 to 30 mL of saline through an 18-gauge needle introduced through the direct lateral portal [1].
  • The proximal medial or superomedial portal is established approximately 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and 1 cm anterior to the intermuscular septum [1].
  • The trocar and sheath are introduced anterior to the intermuscular septum [1].
  • Contact with the anterior aspect of the humerus is maintained at all times as the trocar is directed toward the radial head [1].
  • A 2.7-mm, 30-degree arthroscope is inserted into the joint to perform the diagnostic portion of the procedure [1].
  • The superolateral portal is established with an 18-gauge needle through the lesion after pathologic tissue is identified [1].
  • A full-radius resector is used to excise the capsule to identify the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon [1].
  • The origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is viewed [1].
  • A curet and motorized shaver are used to debride the capsule and the pathologic tendinous attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis [1].
  • The lateral epicondyle is decorticated [1].
  • Decortication of the lateral epicondyle and lateral epicondylar ridge can be performed with an arthroscopic burr, handheld instruments, or electrocautery [1].
  • A 30-degree arthroscope is adequate to view around the corner for most of the procedure [1].
  • A 70-degree arthroscope may be required in rare instances [1].
  • Limited internal fixation can be accomplished with cannulated screws when medial capsular injury has not occurred [1].
  • The benefit of arthroscopy is outweighed by associated risks in more extensive fractures involving significant soft-tissue injuries [1].
  • One should be fully prepared to abort the procedure when visualization is poor or fluid extravasation is significant [1].

References

[1] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR OF POSTERIOR HUMERAL AVULSION OF THE GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT > ARTHROSCOPIC TENNIS ELBOW RELEASE.

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