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Liberação do cotovelo de tenista

Tennis elbow release surgery — for persistent pain despite physiotherapy and other conservative treatments.

Updated Sep 2026
Uma ilustração desenhada à mão de uma pessoa sem rosto segurando uma raquete de tênis.
Cotovelo de tenista: o tendão extensor degenerou no ponto em que se insere no epicôndilo lateral (a protuberância óssea na parte externa do cotovelo). A cirurgia de liberação remove o tecido tendinoso danificado. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Por que esta cirurgia foi sugerida

O Dr. Kieran Hirpara, cirurgião de membros superiores no Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, começa sempre pelas opções menos invasivas adequadas ao seu caso. A epicondilite lateral é o desgaste do tendão localizado na parte externa do cotovelo. A maioria das pessoas melhora sem necessidade de cirurgia: cerca de 90% dos pacientes com epicondilite não tratada ficam livres dos sintomas após 1 ano, e os sintomas geralmente desaparecem entre 12 e 18 meses. Por isso, geralmente tentamos primeiro tratamentos não cirúrgicos: modificação das atividades, fisioterapia ou terapia ocupacional, uso de talas e injeções. A cirurgia é considerada apenas quando esses tratamentos não produzem melhora suficiente.

Em geral, os pacientes são encaminhados à nossa clínica pelo médico de família; caso um fisioterapeuta tenha sugerido que você nos procure, ainda assim será necessário um encaminhamento do seu médico de família para que você tenha direito ao reembolso do Medicare. Na clínica, colhemos o histórico clínico, examinamos o seu cotovelo e solicitamos exames de imagem, se necessário. A liberação do tendão na epicondilite lateral consiste em soltar o tendão danificado do osso na parte externa do cotovelo. Para a pequena porcentagem de pacientes que não respondem aos tratamentos não cirúrgicos, a cirurgia apresenta taxas de satisfação próximas a 90%. O objetivo é aliviar sua dor e restaurar a função do braço. Discutiremos esse procedimento com você, tomando a decisão em conjunto.

Antes da operação

Antes da cirurgia, você deverá suspender a ingestão de alimentos e líquidos por sete horas. Pedimos sete horas em vez de seis para que a operação possa ser antecipada caso a programação do bloco cirúrgico avance. O cirurgião informará quais medicamentos devem ser interrompidos e quando. Traga uma lista de todos os medicamentos que toma, incluindo comprimidos, gotas e cremes. Providencie alguém para levá-lo para casa após a cirurgia, pois você não poderá dirigir. Use roupas folgadas e confortáveis, fáceis de tirar. Podem ser necessários exames de imagem, como raio-X, ressonância magnética ou ultrassom, para planejar a operação. Caso tenha outras condições médicas, poderão ser solicitados exames de sangue ou uma avaliação com o anestesista.

No dia da cirurgia

Você chegará à unidade de admissão cirúrgica do hospital, onde será registrado e preparado para a sala de operações. Conhecerá o anestesista, que conversará com você sobre sua saúde e os medicamentos que toma. Esta cirurgia é realizada sob anestesia geral; você ficará completamente inconsciente durante o procedimento. Alguns pacientes também recebem um bloqueio nervoso regional para alívio da dor pós-operatória; a decisão é tomada pelo anestesista no próprio dia, conforme suas condições individuais. Em seguida, você será levado à sala de operações, onde a cirurgia será realizada.

Ao término da cirurgia, você acordará na sala de recuperação. As enfermeiras monitorarão seus sinais vitais enquanto a anestesia passa. Quando seu estado estiver estável, você será encaminhado a um quarto ou poderá ir para casa, dependendo do tipo de procedimento e de sua recuperação. Muitas pessoas recebem alta no mesmo dia. Antes de sua saída, explicaremos como cuidar do seu cotovelo e o que esperar nos próximos dias.

Como é realizada a operação

O cirurgião faz a liberação do cotovelo de tenista através de uma única incisão no lado externo do cotovelo, sobre a protuberância óssea que você consegue sentir ali. A parte danificada do tendão é separada desse osso. Isso libera o tendão de sua inserção, que é a origem da dor. O tecido desgastado e desfiado na origem do tendão é removido, e a superfície óssea abaixo dele é alisada.

Em seguida, a incisão é fechada com pontos. Um curativo é colocado sobre a ferida antes de você deixar a sala de cirurgia.

A operação é realizada por meio dessa única incisão, em vez de várias pequenas incisões minimamente invasivas. O cirurgião atua diretamente no tendão e no osso, permitindo que a área danificada seja totalmente visualizada e tratada.

Após a operação

Você acordará na sala de recuperação, com enfermeiros por perto, enquanto o efeito da anestesia passa. O seu cotovelo terá um curativo macio sobre o ferimento, mantido no lugar por uma bandagem. É possível que sinta alguma dor na parte externa do cotovelo; informe os enfermeiros, pois eles podem lhe dar medicamentos para aliviar o desconforto. Logo após acordar, você poderá se movimentar; a maioria das pessoas consegue ir ao banheiro com ajuda ainda no mesmo dia. Alguém deve ficar com você durante as primeiras 24 horas após chegar em casa. Geralmente, este é um procedimento ambulatorial, portanto você deve voltar para casa no mesmo dia; porém, em alguns casos os pacientes permanecem internados durante a noite. Deixamos o curativo por cerca de 10 dias; por favor, não o retire antes disso, a menos que lhe seja indicado. Trocamos ou retiramos o curativo quando o examinamos.

Recuperação

Nos primeiros dias, o cotovelo ficará dolorido e pode parecer inchado no lado externo. Isso melhora gradualmente. Manter a mão elevada durante o repouso ajuda a reduzir o inchaço, e analgésicos simples aliviam o desconforto. O curativo permanece no local até a sua próxima consulta; portanto, você pode tomar banho normalmente sem tocar na ferida.

Quase imediatamente após a cirurgia, você poderá usar o braço para tarefas leves em casa: vestir-se, comer e movimentar-se normalmente. Evite levantar objetos pesados, fazer força para se levantar de cadeiras usando esse braço e qualquer atividade que sobrecarregue o lado externo do cotovelo. A fisioterapia pós-operatória será conduzida por Ruby Doolan, da Extend Rehabilitation. Ela orientará os exercícios e confeccionará uma tala, se necessário. Esses exercícios mantêm o movimento do punho e do cotovelo, além de recuperar a força de preensão aos poucos.

No início, dormir pode ser um pouco desconfortável. Muitas pessoas acham mais confortável descansar com um travesseiro debaixo ou ao lado do braço.

Assim que o inchaço diminuir e os movimentos ficarem mais fáceis, você perceberá que a força de preensão está voltando. Quando conseguir segurar e apertar objetos sem dor, as atividades cotidianas voltarão ao normal. Após retirar a tala e ter boa capacidade de segurar o volante e reagir rapidamente, geralmente já é possível dirigir novamente. Mais detalhes estão disponíveis em Dirigir após cirurgia no membro superior. O retorno ao trabalho depende das atividades exigidas por seu emprego; conversaremos sobre isso com você.

Cada pessoa tem seu próprio ritmo de recuperação. Seu cronograma pode ser diferente, e seu cirurgião e fisioterapeuta o guiarão durante todo o processo.

O que pode dar errado

A maioria dos pacientes se recupera bem, mas, ocasionalmente, podem surgir problemas. O seu cirurgião e a equipe monitoram você de perto para detectar qualquer problema precocemente.

Às vezes, o corpo forma pequenas áreas de osso novo onde não deveria, dentro ou ao redor da articulação do cotovelo. Isso é chamado de ossificação heterotópica. Você pode perceber uma sensação de rigidez ou atrito ao dobrar ou esticar o braço, ou sentir que o cotovelo não se move com a mesma liberdade de antes. Se o movimento parecer restrito ou se a articulação estiver rígida e inchada, mencione isso na próxima consulta.

Algumas pessoas notam que o cotovelo não consegue dobrar ou esticar-se em toda a amplitude esperada após a cirurgia. Isso pode ser percebido ao tentar alcançar uma prateleira alta ou ao girar uma maçaneta. Movimentos suaves e regulares, conforme orientação do fisioterapeuta, são úteis. Caso a rigidez não melhore, informe isso na consulta para que seja avaliado.

Em alguns casos, a cirurgia não alivia a dor tanto quanto esperávamos. A parte externa do cotovelo continua dolorida, ou a dor retorna após um período de alívio. Se isso ocorrer, reavaliaremos o seu cotovelo e discutiremos as opções disponíveis, que podem incluir nova cirurgia. Informe-nos logo se a dor não diminuir conforme esperado.

A aplicação de várias injeções no mesmo cotovelo antes da cirurgia aumenta a probabilidade de ser necessária outra cirurgia posteriormente. Se você já recebeu injeções em outro local para esse problema, avise-nos, pois isso nos ajuda a planejar seu tratamento.

Se notar vermelhidão que se espalha ao redor da incisão, vazamento de líquido, febre ou dor que piora em vez de melhorar, entre em contato com a clínica imediatamente. Esses sinais exigem atenção urgente.

A tabela de complicações nesta página lista as taxas típicas, caso você queira conhecer os detalhes.

Quando nos contactar

Contacte-nos imediatamente se tiver febre, vermelhidão que se espalha à volta da ferida, secreção a sair da mesma ou dor que piora em vez de melhorar. Dirija-se às urgências se sentir dor súbita e intensa, inchaço na panturrilha ou dificuldade em respirar; ou se perder a sensibilidade na mão ou não conseguir mover o braço. Estes são sinais que exigem avaliação urgente. Se algo lhe parecer anormal e não tiver a certeza, ligue para a clínica. Preferimos ser informados o mais cedo possível.

Onde ler mais sobre a condição

Esta página trata da própria cirurgia. A condição que ela trata, incluindo o que as evidências indicam sobre quando a cirurgia é benéfica e quando não é, é abordada com mais detalhes na página Cotovelo de Tenista.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

  • The pathologic tissue in tennis elbow involves the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon [1].
  • The origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is located on the lateral epicondyle [1].
  • The lateral epicondylar ridge is an anatomical structure associated with the lateral epicondyle [1].

Investigations

History and Physical Examination

  • History should include the duration of the elbow contracture, initial injury, previous surgical procedures, trials of splinting/therapy/injections, complications of surgery, and the patient’s work/life demands and goals [3].
  • Physical examination should assess the function of the upper extremity (shoulder, wrist, and hand) [3].
  • The soft tissue surrounding the elbow should be examined for previous skin incisions/grafts, eschar, or infection [3].
  • Active and passive flexion, extension, supination, and pronation should be evaluated using a goniometer for accurate measurement [3].
  • The contralateral elbow should be examined for comparison during range of motion assessment [3].
  • If the elbow has less than 90° to 100° of flexion, the posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is contracted and must be released to restore flexion [3].
  • Pain should be assessed during the mid arc or at the terminal ends of motion [3].
  • Mid arc range of motion pain is more common with intrinsic disease and may not improve with contracture release alone [3].
  • The ulnar nerve is of utmost importance due to its anatomic proximity to the elbow [3].
  • The posterior bundle of the MCL forms the floor of the cubital tunnel along the course of the ulnar nerve [3].
  • Electromyography/nerve conduction velocity studies should be performed if any question about neurologic dysfunction exists [3].
  • An assessment for ulnar nerve subluxation should be performed [3].
  • Subluxation of the ulnar nerve is a relative contraindication for an arthroscopic procedure secondary to possible iatrogenic nerve injury [3].
  • If there is a history of prior surgical procedures, verify if the ulnar nerve has been transposed [3].
  • The physical exam is directed by history and the location of the patient's pain in the anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral aspect of the elbow [5].

Imaging

  • Radiographs should always be obtained for elbow evaluation [3].
  • Standard radiographic views include AP, lateral, and oblique views [3].
  • Serial radiography is used as follow-up when heterotopic ossification is present [3].
  • Primary bony landmarks on radiographs include the ulnohumeral joint, coronoid process, radial head, capitellum, radiocapitellar joint, olecranon tip, coronoid/olecranon fossae, and trochlear ridge [3].
  • CT is helpful when assessing for malunion architecture and the location and pattern of osteophytes and/or loose bodies [3].
  • Three-dimensional CT is used to check for heterotopic ossification [3].
  • CT is not necessary when the stiffness is entirely soft-tissue related [3].
  • CT is beneficial if any joint incongruity or abnormal bony anatomy is present [3].
  • MRI can be used to evaluate ligaments and tendons, but it is rarely indicated for elbow stiffness [3].
  • Plain radiographs remain the hallmark and the best screening test for elbow evaluation [5].
  • CT with two-dimensional reconstruction and three-dimensional surface rendering best visualizes posteromedial olecranon osteophytes and loose bodies in valgus extension overload syndrome [6].
  • MRI may be most helpful in evaluating associated injuries including partial or complete tears of the MCL in valgus extension overload syndrome [6].
  • Radiographic evaluations are essential when diagnosing an osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesion of the elbow [7].
  • Important aspects of OCD lesions may be better seen with MRI [7].
  • Standard AP and lateral radiographs typically show osteophyte formation at the coronoid process, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, radial head, olecranon tip, and olecranon fossa in elbow osteoarthritis [8].
  • In elbow osteoarthritis, joint spaces at the ulnohumeral joint usually are preserved, and those at the radiocapitellar joint are mildly narrowed [8].
  • Radiographs typically underestimate the number of loose bodies present in elbow osteoarthritis [8].
  • CT may be useful for surgical planning in elbow osteoarthritis by allowing a detailed assessment of osteophytes and the presence of loose bodies [8].

Treatment

Operative Technique

  • The patient is placed prone on the operating table with two rolled towels longitudinally under the thorax [1].
  • All bony prominences are padded well [1].
  • The affected extremity is positioned with the ipsilateral shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and supported by a precut foam holder [1].
  • The joint is distended with 20 to 30 mL of saline through an 18-gauge needle introduced through the direct lateral portal [1].
  • The proximal medial or superomedial portal is located approximately 2 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle and 1 cm anterior to the intermuscular septum [1].
  • The trocar and sheath are introduced anterior to the intermuscular septum while maintaining contact with the anterior aspect of the humerus [1].
  • The trocar is directed toward the radial head [1].
  • A 2.7-mm, 30-degree arthroscope is inserted into the joint to perform the diagnostic portion of the procedure [1].
  • The superolateral portal is established with an 18-gauge needle through the lesion after pathologic tissue is identified [1].
  • A full-radius resector is used to excise the capsule to identify the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon [1].
  • The origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis is viewed [1].
  • The capsule and pathologic tendinous attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis are debrided using a curet and motorized shaver [1].
  • The lateral epicondyle is decorticated [1].
  • Decortication of the lateral epicondyle and lateral epicondylar ridge can be performed with an arthroscopic burr, handheld instruments, or electrocautery [1].
  • A 30-degree arthroscope is adequate to view around the corner for most of the procedure [1].
  • A 70-degree arthroscope may be required in rare instances [1].

References

[1] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. ARTHROSCOPIC REPAIR OF POSTERIOR HUMERAL AVULSION OF THE GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT > ARTHROSCOPIC TENNIS ELBOW RELEASE.

[3] Aaos Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 3. Elbow Stiffness* > IV. Evaluation.

[5] Orthopaedic Knowledge Update 13 Ebook Without Multimedia. Anatomy, Biomechanics, Physical Examination, and Imaging of the Elbow > Summary and Conclusions.

[6] Aaos Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 3. Elbow Injuries in the Athlete* > III. Valgus Extension Overload Syndrome and Posterior Impingement.

[7] Orthopaedic Knowledge Update. Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee and Elbow* > Summary.

[8] Aaos Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 3. Arthritis and Arthroplasty of the Elbow > I. Osteoarthritis.

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c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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