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Tenodese do Bíceps

Rehabilitation after isolated biceps tenodesis, protecting the tenodesis fixation through staged return of biceps loading.

Updated Jun 2026
Ilustração do tendão do bíceps reanastomosado na cabeça do osso do braço.
Tenodese do bíceps: o tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps é reancorado no osso do braço. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Este protocolo abrange a reabilitação após tenodese do bíceps com o Dr. Kieran Hirpara no Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, seja a operação realizada por via artroscópica (por via artroscópica) ou através de uma pequena incisão aberta perto da frente da axila (técnica aberta subpectoral). Traga esta página ou o seu PDF para a sua primeira consulta de fisioterapia, para que a sua reabilitação seja coordenada. A sua reabilitação é progressiva e individualizada pelo seu fisioterapeuta, através das fases abaixo, dependendo da evolução do seu ombro e braço.

Este protocolo aplica-se a uma tenodese do bíceps isolada. Se a sua operação também incluiu uma reparação do manguito rotador, siga o protocolo de reparação do manguito rotador em vez disso; o tendão reparado estabelece um ritmo mais lento.

Se tiver alguma preocupação sobre a sua ferida cirúrgica após a operação, entre em contacto com a clínica. É frequentemente útil tirar uma fotografia da ferida e enviá-la por e-mail para avaliação.

O que esperar

Na tenodese do bíceps, o tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps é desprendido do seu ponto de ancoragem original dentro do ombro e fixado ao osso do braço superior (úmero), em vez disso, utilizando um âncora ou parafuso. Essa nova fixação precisa de tempo para cicatrizar firmemente ao osso, e as primeiras semanas de reabilitação são organizadas em torno da proteção dessa fixação.

O músculo bíceps desempenha duas funções: flexiona o cotovelo e roda a palma da mão para cima (supinação). É por isso que (ao contrário do habitual em cirurgias de ombro) as restrições iniciais dizem respeito principalmente ao cotovelo: nas primeiras semanas, o cotovelo é movido passivamente (com a outra mão ou com o fisioterapeuta, que realiza a flexão) para que o tendão em cicatrização não seja solicitado a puxar. Levantar e carregar objetos com o braço operado não são permitidos nas fases iniciais pelo mesmo motivo. Algumas posições do ombro que colocam tensão no tendão também são limitadas inicialmente: a rotação externa do braço para além de aproximadamente 40 graus e a colocação do braço atrás da linha do corpo.

Você usará uma tipóia por cerca de três a quatro semanas, inclusive durante o sono, sendo que a retirada gradual da tipóia começará por volta da terceira semana, conforme o conforto permitir. Você não deve dirigir enquanto estiver usando a tipóia.

O resumo do processo:

  • Fase I — Proteção da tenodese (aproximadamente as primeiras quatro semanas)
  • Fase II — Movimento ativo (semanas 4–6)
  • Fase III — Fortalecimento (semanas 6–12, com trabalho de bíceps com resistência a partir da semana 10)
  • Fase IV — Retorno às atividades completas (a partir da semana 12)

As faixas de semanas são típicas, e não fixas, e o seu fisioterapeuta irá avançar conforme a cicatrização e o movimento do seu braço, e não com base no calendário. A fisioterapia geralmente começa dentro da primeira ou segunda semana após a cirurgia, e o seu primeiro agendamento está detalhado no seu pacote de alta hospitalar, a menos que tenha optado por organizar o seu próprio.

Fase I — Proteção da tenodese (Semana 0–4)

As primeiras semanas destinam-se a permitir a cicatrização do tendão ao osso, mantendo a mobilidade das estruturas adjacentes. A mão, o punho e os dedos permanecem ativos desde o início. O cotovelo é mobilizado diariamente de forma passiva: deixe que a outra mão realize a flexão e a rotação (palmada para cima/palmada para baixo), de modo a manter o bíceps relaxado. O ombro é mobilizado suavemente dentro dos limites abaixo indicados, com exercícios pendulares e movimentos assistidos. Utilize gelo para alívio da dor, tome os analgésicos antes dos exercícios e das sessões de fisioterapia, e mantenha a tipóia, inclusive ao deitar. Não levante nem transporte nada com o braço operado, e não conduza enquanto o uso da tipóia for obrigatório. Tarefas leves com o antebraço apoiado, como escrever ou digitar, são geralmente aceitáveis, conforme o conforto permitir.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Proteger a fixação da tenodese enquanto ocorre a cicatrização ao osso
  • Controlar a dor, o edema e a resposta inflamatória
  • Amplitude de movimento passiva completa do cotovelo e do antebraço; amplitude de movimento passiva confortável do ombro dentro dos limites abaixo indicados
  • Manter a função e a postura escapulares

Conduta

  • Tipóia durante aproximadamente 3–4 semanas, incluindo à noite, com desmame a partir da semana 3
  • Amplitude de movimento passiva do cotovelo: flexão/extensão e supinação/pronação do antebraço
  • Amplitude de movimento ativa do punho e da mão; compressão com bola
  • Amplitude de movimento passiva e ativa assistida suave do ombro dentro dos limites: pendulares, flexão e abdução (scaption) até aproximadamente 90 graus inicialmente, progredindo conforme o conforto permitir; rotação externa até 40 graus; rotação interna até aproximadamente 45 graus
  • Ativação e retração escapulares (com apoio do braço), progredindo para isometria escapular; amplitude de movimento cervical e trabalho postural
  • Crioterapia para dor e edema; analgesia antes dos exercícios e das sessões
  • Rolo de toalha ou pequena almofada sob o cotovelo ao deitar de costas, para evitar a extensão do ombro

Precauções

  • Sem flexão ativa do cotovelo e sem supinação ativa do antebraço com resistência; o bíceps permanece sem carga
  • Sem amplitude de movimento ativa do ombro; sem rotação externa além de 40 graus; sem extensão do ombro nem abdução horizontal para além da posição neutra
  • Sem levantamento ou transporte com o braço operado
  • Sem massagem friccional sobre o bíceps proximal / sítio da tenodese
  • Sem condução enquanto o uso da tipóia for obrigatório

Critérios para progressão

  • Ferida cicatrizada e dor bem controlada
  • Amplitude de movimento passiva completa de flexão/extensão do cotovelo e rotação do antebraço
  • Amplitude de movimento passiva confortável do ombro dentro dos limites prescritos

Fase II — Movimento ativo (Semana 4–6)

Com a atadura removida, o braço começa a mover-se por iniciativa própria. O ombro evolui de movimentos assistidos para movimento ativo em todas as direções, e o cotovelo agora flexiona e roda ativamente, mas ainda sem carga. O bíceps está em movimento, mas sem trabalhar: mantenha o levantamento ao mínimo (nada mais pesado do que uma chávena de chá com esse braço) e deixe o empurrar, puxar e transportar para o outro lado. O trabalho leve, baseado em secretária, é tipicamente confortável nesta fase. Assim que sair da atadura, pode voltar a conduzir quando conseguir controlar o carro de forma confortável e segura.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Restauração gradual da amplitude de movimento ativa completa do ombro e do cotovelo
  • Mecânica escapular normal com o movimento
  • Início de isometrias submáximas do ombro
  • Uso funcional leve do braço ao nível da cintura

Gestão

  • Movimento ativo-assistido do ombro a progredir para movimento ativo em todos os planos (por exemplo, progressão tipo cadeirão de relva, deslizes na parede e na barra, flexão supina para abdução em pé)
  • Flexão/extensão ativa do cotovelo e supinação/pronação do antebraço, sem resistência
  • Isometrias submáximas do ombro: rotação interna, rotação externa, abdução, adução
  • Continuar o trabalho de estabilização escapular e postura
  • Massagem da cicatriz à medida que a ferida amadurece; sem fricção transversal sobre o local da tenodese
  • Alongamento da cápsula posterior (cruzado no corpo, alongamento do dorminhoco) conforme indicado
  • Caminhada ou bicicleta estacionária para aptidão física; sem apoio de peso através do braço afetado

Precauções

  • Sem trabalho de bíceps resistido; sem carga nos flexores ou supinadores do cotovelo
  • Sem levantamento com o braço operado; sem corrida ainda
  • Evitar sobrecarregar o tendão em cicatrização com alongamentos agressivos ou terapia manual

Critérios para progressão

  • Amplitude de movimento ativa completa, sem dor, do ombro, cotovelo e antebraço
  • Mecânica escapular adequada com o movimento e função leve
  • Dor bem controlada

Fase III — Fortalecimento (Semanas 6–12)

O fortalecimento inicia-se de forma suave e progride da escápula para a periferia: primeiro os músculos do manguito rotador e escapulares, com elásticos e pesos leves em baixa carga e altas repetições. O trabalho resistido do bíceps (flexões e rotação palmar para cima resistida) aguarda até à semana 10, iniciando-se com carga leve e progredindo lentamente. Os protocolos publicados introduzem este trabalho em qualquer ponto entre a semana 6 e a semana 10; este protocolo segue o extremo mais protetor dessa faixa para proporcionar ao fixador da tenodese o maior período antes de ser submetido a carga. As atividades diárias normais devem estar, em grande medida, de volta ao habitual durante esta fase, e, a partir da semana 8, pode tipicamente retomar a corrida, a ciclismo e o golfe, conforme orientado pelo seu fisioterapeuta.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Normalizar a força, a resistência e o controlo neuromuscular
  • Restaurar a função desde o nível da cintura até ao nível do tórax, em direção à posição acima da cabeça

Gestão

  • Manter a amplitude de movimento completa do ombro e do cotovelo durante toda a fase
  • Fortalecimento isotónico do manguito rotador: rotação interna e externa com resistência leve, a partir da posição neutra, progredindo até 90 graus de abdução
  • Programa escapular: série em pronação que progride ao longo da fase; soco serrátil resistido, remada baixa, progressão do push-up plus (parede, balcão, joelhos, chão)
  • Flexões, supinação e pronação do bíceps resistidas a partir da semana 10; alavanca curta inicialmente, baixa carga, altas repetições, progressão cautelosa
  • Estabilização rítmica e padrões diagonais (D1/D2); trabalho de estabilização em cadeia cinética fechada
  • Retorno à corrida, ciclismo e golfe a partir da semana 8, com mecânica adequada

Precauções

  • Evitar a flexão e supinação do cotovelo resistidas com alavanca longa no início da fase
  • Sem levantamento ou transporte de cargas pesadas até que a força tenha recuperado
  • Sem natação ou lançamento nesta fase
  • O fortalecimento aguarda até que a amplitude de movimento esteja próxima do normal e mantém-se sem dor

Critérios para progressão

  • Amplitude de movimento ativa completa e sem dor, com ritmo escápulo-umeral normal
  • Força 5/5 do manguito rotador a 90 graus de abdução no plano escapular, e força 5/5 escápulo-torácica
  • Tolerância ao fortalecimento sem exacerbação dos sintomas

Fase IV — Retorno à atividade plena (a partir da semana 12)

A fase final consiste no retorno gradual a trabalhos mais pesados, atividades acima da cabeça e esportes. A maioria das pessoas é liberada para a academia, trabalho manual e esportes recreativos entre três e quatro meses, aumentando as cargas progressivamente; atletas que realizam atividades acima da cabeça e de contato (arremesso, natação, esportes de raquete) retornam de forma escalonada ao longo de um período mais longo, geralmente de quatro a cinco meses ou mais. O bíceps continua a ganhar força e confiança por vários meses após esse período, portanto, o progresso nesta fase é avaliado com base no que o braço consegue realizar, e não na data.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Força e potência completas, sem padrões de movimento compensatórios
  • Estabilidade e controle em movimentos de maior velocidade e específicos para o esporte
  • Retorno às atividades normais de esporte e trabalho

Conduta

  • Fortalecimento multiarticular e composto, com progressão constante da carga
  • Treinamento pliométrico iniciado abaixo da altura do ombro, com ambos os braços, progredindo para um braço e acima da cabeça
  • Programas de retorno ao esporte por intervalos para arremesso, natação ou esportes de raquete, conforme aplicável
  • Abordar a força e o controle do core e do quadril para que o ombro não realize compensações

Precauções

  • Progressão lenta dos exercícios que sobrecarregam o ombro anterior (por exemplo, supino, remada alta)
  • O retorno ao esporte segue a liberação médica, com aproximadamente 90% da força em comparação com o outro braço e controle sem dor dos movimentos de alta velocidade e específicos para o esporte

Após o seu protocolo

As fases acima são adaptadas de protocolos de reabilitação publicados para tenodese isolada do bíceps: Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine, o Departamento de Cirurgia Ortopédica da Universidade da Virgínia, o Centro Médico Wexner da Universidade Estadual de Ohio e UW Health (Universidade de Wisconsin). As faixas de semanas são típicas, e não fixas, e a sua reabilitação contínua é orientada individualmente pelo seu fisioterapeuta, em colaboração com a prática clínica, com base na recuperação do seu braço. Esta página complementa as orientações gerais de recuperação da prática clínica; consulte o manejo da dor pós-operatória e o cuidado da ferida. Para o procedimento cirúrgico em si, consulte tenodese do bíceps. As evidências que sustentam este protocolo (fixação e cicatrização, a decisão entre tenodese versus tenotomia, taxas de complicações e falhas, e como o ritmo da reabilitação é escolhido) estão resumidas na seção de evidências, disponível em PDF no topo desta página.


Evidence & references

Biceps Tenodesis — Post-operative Rehabilitation Evidence Summary

Topic scope: the evidence behind post-operative rehabilitation after isolated biceps tenodesis (re-anchoring the long head of biceps to the humerus) — fixation methods and their healing implications, when to protect versus load the construct (active elbow flexion and resisted supination), shoulder ROM restrictions, return-to-activity timing, and the failure/complication profile (Popeye deformity, fixation failure). The combined cuff-repair pathway defers to the rotator-cuff-repair protocol and is out of scope here.

Defining principle of the surgical rehab here: a tenodesis is a healing construct that must be protected — the tendon has been detached from its native anchor and fixed into bone, and that bone–tendon interface needs weeks to heal. Because the biceps bends the elbow and turns the palm up (supination), the early restrictions are unusually centred on the elbow, not the shoulder: active elbow flexion and resisted supination are the loads that pull directly on the fresh tenodesis, so they are deferred while the construct heals. The shoulder itself is generally less restricted — only positions that tension the tendon (external rotation past ~40°, extension/horizontal abduction behind the body) are limited early. This is the inverse of a rotator-cuff or labral repair, where the shoulder is the protected structure.


A. THE PROCEDURE & WHY THE REHAB IS SHAPED THIS WAY

In a biceps tenodesis the long head of biceps is released from its origin on the superior glenoid/labrum and re-fixed into the proximal humerus, most commonly with an interference screw, a suture anchor, or a cortical/unicortical button (or combinations). The location is either suprapectoral (higher, usually all-arthroscopic, in or above the bicipital groove) or subpectoral (lower, usually open, below the pectoralis major tendon). Both achieve the same goal — remove the painful intra-articular biceps as a pain generator while preserving the muscle's length-tension relationship to avoid a Popeye deformity and cramping.

The rehab is built around the time for the tendon to incorporate into the bone tunnel/socket. The biceps' two actions — elbow flexion and forearm supination — are precisely the movements that load the tenodesis, so resisted/active use of these is staged in last. Shoulder motion is restored earlier because most shoulder positions do not pull hard on the construct.


B. EVIDENCE BY THEME

1. Tenodesis vs tenotomy — the decision upstream of rehab

Tenotomy (simply releasing the tendon) and tenodesis give broadly equivalent pain relief and function, but tenodesis trades a slightly more demanding recovery for a lower rate of Popeye deformity and cramping/fatigue, particularly relevant in younger, leaner and more active patients. A prospective double-blinded RCT and multiple reviews support this trade-off [Castricini RCT; Frost/Hackney review; Slenker review]. Moderate–strong (RCT + SR). This is why a tenodesis — and therefore a protected construct needing staged rehab — is chosen in the first place.

2. Fixation strength and what it permits

Interference screws and suture anchors both provide clinically adequate fixation; biomechanical load-to-failure figures vary between studies and clinical outcomes do not differ meaningfully by fixation type [biomechanical cadaver series; clinical comparisons]. The practical point for rehab: the construct is strong at time zero but the biological bond to bone is what is healing over the first 6–12 weeks — which is why loaded elbow flexion is deferred regardless of the hardware used. Moderate (biomechanical + clinical cohorts).

3. Does the rehab pace actually need to be slow? — the key controversy

The traditional protocol protects the elbow for ~6 weeks before active flexion and reserves resisted biceps work for ~10–12 weeks. However, Mazzocca et al. challenged this: in 105 open subpectoral tenodeses (dual-fixation button + interference screw) rehabilitated with immediate, unrestricted motion and no postoperative restrictions, the failure rate was only 2.2% (2 of 98) at minimum 2-year follow-up, with excellent ASES/DASH scores. Both failures occurred early (5 and 9 weeks). The conclusion: with a robust dual-fixation construct, early mobilisation is reasonable and may improve outcomes [Mazzocca, JSES 2018, DOI 10.1016/j.jse.2018.02.061]. A subsequent comparison of early versus delayed active ROM reached similar reassurance [PMID 34458384]. Moderate (single-arm cohort + comparative). This protocol nonetheless follows the more protective published pace — it is the safer default across mixed fixation methods and does not assume a dual-fixation construct.

4. Complications and failure rates — what rehab is protecting against

A review of 1,526 shoulders found a low overall complication rate: persistent anterior shoulder pain ~11–13%, Popeye deformity ~4.6–4.7%, with no meaningful difference by fixation type or location; reported fixation failure/re-rupture is ~0.8% [Nho/Virk review, DOI 10.1016/j.jse.2018.09.005]. The small early-failure window (the Mazzocca failures at 5 and 9 weeks) is exactly the period the protective phases cover. Moderate (large pooled review).

5. Suprapectoral vs subpectoral — does it change rehab?

A systematic review and meta-analysis of arthroscopic suprapectoral versus open subpectoral tenodesis found comparable clinical outcomes and complication profiles [DOI 10.1177/2325967120945322]. The rehabilitation pathway is therefore the same for both techniques — this protocol covers arthroscopic and open subpectoral alike. Moderate (SR-MA).


C. PHASED POST-OP TIMELINE (isolated tenodesis)

Consistent with the synthesis protocol. The hallmark is protect the elbow (no active flexion / no resisted supination) while keeping the hand, wrist, scapula and most of the shoulder moving.

Phase Window Sling ROM Strengthening Notes
I — Protecting the tenodesis Week 0–4 Yes, incl. at night; wean from ~wk 3 Passive elbow flexion/extension + forearm rotation; active hand/wrist; gentle shoulder PROM/AAROM — flexion/scaption to ~90°, ER to 40°, IR to ~45°; pendulums None (biceps stays unloaded) No active elbow flexion, no resisted supination; no shoulder extension / horizontal abduction past neutral; no lifting/carrying. No driving while in the sling.
II — Active movement Week 4–6 Off Progress shoulder AAROM → AROM all planes; active (unloaded) elbow flexion/extension + supination/pronation begins Submaximal shoulder isometrics Biceps moving but not working — keep lifting minimal (≤ a cup of tea). Driving once out of sling and able to control the car safely.
III — Strengthening Week 6–12 Off Maintain full ROM Cuff + scapular strengthening from wk 6; resisted biceps curls / resisted supination from ~week 10 Resisted biceps deliberately last; published protocols introduce it wk 6–10, this protocol uses the protective end. Running/cycling/golf from ~wk 8.
IV — Return to full activity Week 12+ Off Full Progressive load, power, sport-specific Gym/manual work/recreational sport ~3–4 months; overhead/throwing/contact staged over ~4–5 months+.

Branch point — combined cuff repair: if a rotator cuff repair was performed at the same time, the rotator-cuff-repair protocol takes priority (sling ~6 weeks, ROM restrictions, slower strengthening, ~5 months total). The surgeon confirms post-operatively which pathway applies.


D. KEY CONTROVERSIES / EVIDENCE QUALITY

  1. How fast is safe? The strongest single piece of rehab-specific evidence (Mazzocca 2018) suggests immediate unrestricted motion is safe with a robust dual-fixation construct (2.2% failure). But this is a single-arm cohort with one specific construct; it does not license fast rehab across all fixation methods. The protective default remains the prudent generalisation. Moderate.
  2. Tenodesis vs tenotomy is well studied (RCT + SRs) and favours tenodesis for cosmesis/cramping — but this is the indication decision, not a rehab-timing trial. Moderate–strong.
  3. The rehab protocol timings themselves are consensus/expert, drawn from published academic physiotherapy guidelines (MGH Brigham, UVA, Ohio State, UW Health) rather than head-to-head rehab RCTs. Week ranges are typical, not trial-derived. Weak/consensus.
  4. Resisted-biceps start week varies (6–10) across published protocols; the choice of week 10 here is a deliberate protective bias, not a trial-supported threshold. Weak/consensus.

E. EVIDENCE-STRENGTH FLAGS (summary)

  • MODERATE–STRONG (RCT / SR-MA): tenodesis vs tenotomy equivalence with lower Popeye/cramping after tenodesis; suprapectoral vs subpectoral outcome equivalence (SR-MA).
  • MODERATE (cohorts / large pooled review): immediate-unrestricted-motion safety with dual fixation (Mazzocca, 2.2% failure); low overall complication profile (1,526-shoulder review — Popeye ~4.6%, fixation failure ~0.8%); fixation-type clinical equivalence.
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the post-operative rehabilitation protocol itself (academic PT guidelines, no defining rehab RCT); the specific week-10 resisted-biceps threshold.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Mazzocca AD, et al. Immediate physical therapy without postoperative restrictions following open subpectoral biceps tenodesis: low failure rates and improved outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.02.061
  • Complications of biceps tenodesis based on location, fixation, and indication: a review of 1526 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.09.005
  • Biceps tenotomy versus tenodesis: a review of clinical outcomes and biomechanical results. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2010.08.019
  • Biceps Tenodesis Versus Tenotomy in the Treatment of Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/0363546520912212
  • Outcomes and Complications After Primary Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Versus Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis for SLAP Tears or Biceps Abnormalities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1177/2325967120945322
  • Arthroscopic Proximal Biceps Tenodesis at the Articular Margin: Evaluation of Outcomes, Complications, and Revision Rate. Arthroscopy. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.08.024
  • Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluation of an All-Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2014. DOI: 10.1177/2325967114553558
  • All-Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Versus Open Subpectoral Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Without the Use of Interference Screws. Arthroscopy. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.07.007

Literature (URLs)

  • Early Versus Delayed Active Range of Motion After Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34458384/
  • Complications of biceps tenodesis based on location, fixation, and indication: a review of 1526 shoulders. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573431/
  • Mazzocca — immediate PT without restrictions (minimum 2-year follow-up). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29804912/
  • Interference Screw vs. Suture Anchor Fixation for Open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis: Does it Matter? PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553411/

Published rehab protocols (patient-guidance — basis for the phase structure)

  • Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine. Rehabilitation Guidelines for Biceps Tenodesis. https://www.massgeneral.org/assets/MGH/pdf/orthopaedics/sports-medicine/physical-therapy/rehabilitation-protocol-for-biceps-tenodesis.pdf
  • UVA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia. Isolated Biceps Tenodesis Post-operative Rehabilitation Protocol. https://med.virginia.edu/orthopaedic-surgery/wp-content/uploads/sites/242/2021/06/Isolated-Biceps-Tenodesis.pdf
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Biceps Tenodesis Clinical Practice Guideline. https://medicine.osu.edu/-/media/files/medicine/departments/sports-medicine/medical-professionals/shoulder-and-elbow/bicep-tenodesis-2020.pdf
  • UW Health Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin. Rehabilitation Guidelines for Biceps Tenodesis. https://bynder.uwhealth.org/m/8a7c2438102f495f/original/Rehab-Guideline-Biceps-Tenodesis.pdf

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Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.