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Gravidez e Condições da Mão

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Carpal tunnel in pregnancy and de Quervains "mummy thumb" — why they happen, what is safe, and when they settle.

Uma mulher grávida segurando o pulso.
A síndrome do túnel carpal e a doença de De Quervain são comuns durante a gravidez e no pós-parto, e geralmente resolvem-se com medidas simples. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Dores, formigamento e dor no polegar são problemas notavelmente comuns durante a gravidez e nos primeiros meses de cuidados com um recém-nascido. Podem ser muito incômodos em um momento em que suas mãos estão mais ocupadas do que nunca, mas a notícia tranquilizadora é que quase todos esses problemas são temporários, provocados pelas mudanças da gravidez e da maternidade inicial, e a grande maioria resolve-se espontaneamente com medidas simples e o passar do tempo. A cirurgia raramente é necessária.

Esta página explica as duas condições que vemos com mais frequência e as medidas simples que ajudam. É um complemento às nossas páginas sobre síndrome do túnel do carpo e compressão nervosa e tenossinovite de De Quervain, e sobre formigamento e dormência na mão e no braço; aqui, focamos no que é diferente quando esses problemas ocorrem em associação com a gravidez e um recém-nascido.

Por que as mãos doem durante a gravidez

A gravidez altera o corpo de maneiras que exercem forte pressão sobre as pequenas estruturas do pulso. Você retém mais fluido nos tecidos, e as mudanças hormonais amolecem e inchem as membranas ao redor dos tendões e nervos. O pulso é um local apertado (nervos e tendões passam por túneis estreitos ali), portanto, até um pouco de inchaço a mais pode comprimir algo que estava perfeitamente confortável anteriormente. Some a isso a nova e repetitiva tarefa de levantar e alimentar o bebê, e é fácil entender por que as mãos e os pulsos apresentam queixas.

O ponto fundamental a reter é que a causa geralmente é passageira: à medida que as alterações de fluido e hormônios da gravidez se resolvem após o parto, e à medida que seu corpo se recupera, a pressão diminui e os sintomas tendem a desaparecer.

Síndrome do túnel carpal na gravidez

O túnel carpal é um canal estreito na parte anterior do pulso que conduz o nervo mediano para a mão. Durante a gravidez, a retenção de líquidos provoca inchaço dos tecidos nesse túnel, comprimindo o nervo. O resultado é formigamento e dormência no polegar, indicador e dedo médio (e metade do dedo anelar), frequentemente descrito como sensação de "alfinetadas e agulhadas", e classicamente mais intenso à noite, por vezes acordando a pessoa para abanar a mão. Algumas mulheres notam que os sintomas são mais pronunciados nos últimos meses da gravidez.

A parte encorajadora é o comportamento dos sintomas após o parto: na maioria das mulheres, os sintomas melhoram nas semanas seguintes ao parto, após a eliminação do excesso de líquidos. Devido a isso, o tratamento durante a gravidez é quase sempre simples e visa proporcionar conforto enquanto o processo natural ocorre:

  • Talas noturnas para o pulso são o tratamento principal. Uma talha que mantém o pulso em posição neutra mantém o túnel o mais aberto possível durante o sono e é frequentemente a medida mais útil.
  • Ajustes na atividade: evitar posições e tarefas que mantenham o pulso fletido por longos períodos, e fazer pausas.
  • Terapia da mão para aconselhamento sobre o uso de talas, postura e técnicas suaves.
  • Uma injeção de esteroides no túnel carpal é ocasionalmente utilizada se os sintomas forem graves e não melhorarem, para proporcionar conforto até após o parto.

A cirurgia é raramente necessária durante a gravidez, precisamente porque o problema frequentemente se resolve após o nascimento do bebé.

Tenossinovite de De Quervain ("polegar de mamãe")

A tenossinovite de De Quervain é um inchaço doloroso dos tendões no lado do polegar do pulso, onde eles passam por um túnel estreito próximo ao osso do pulso. A dor localiza-se no lado do polegar do pulso e é desencadeada pela preensão, levantamento e rotação do pulso, irradiando-se frequentemente um pouco para o polegar e o antebraço.

Ela ganha o apelido de "polegar de mamãe" porque está fortemente associada ao levantamento e ao movimento de colher repetitivos de um bebê, sobrecarregando os pulsos dezenas de vezes ao dia, frequentemente em posições inadequadas, ao pegar, carregar e alimentar um lactente. As alterações hormonais durante a gravidez e a amamentação também desempenham um papel. Diferentemente da síndrome do túnel do carpo, que frequentemente atinge o pico antes do parto, a de De Quervain comumente aparece ou piora após o parto, durante os meses de cuidados com o recém-nascido.

Geralmente resolve, e o tratamento é novamente em grande parte simples:

  • Uma tala (spica) para o polegar que suporta o polegar e o pulso, mantendo a ponta do polegar livre: isso repousa os tendões irritados e é a base do tratamento.
  • Alterar a forma de levantar o bebê: colher por baixo com o pulso mantido reto e os antebraços fazendo o trabalho, em vez de preender com o polegar e o pulso estendidos. Um terapeuta da mão pode mostrar mudanças simples de técnica que fazem uma diferença real.
  • Onde a dor é teimosa, uma injeção de corticosteroides no túnel do tendão afetado funciona bem e é frequentemente curativa.

Muitos casos melhoram à medida que as demandas dos primeiros meses passam, e nas mães que amamentam, a condição frequentemente resolve após o término da amamentação.

Outras dores que podem surgir e desaparecer

Algumas outras dores pontuais na mão e no punho podem aparecer neste período, sendo todas comuns e geralmente temporárias:

  • Dor e inchaço gerais no punho e na mão, devido à mesma retenção de líquidos, que tende a ser mais intensa no final do dia e melhora após o parto.
  • Dedo em gatilho: um dedo ou polegar que engatilha, estala ou trava ao dobrar, devido ao inchaço ao redor de um tendão. Pode surgir durante a gravidez ou nos meses pós-parto e, frequentemente, resolve-se com talas, terapia manual ou, se necessário, injeção de corticosteroides.

O que é seguro durante a gravidez e a amamentação

Uma preocupação comum é saber se algo pode ser feito com segurança durante a gravidez ou a amamentação. A boa notícia é que os tratamentos de primeira linha são também os mais seguros:

  • Talas, fisioterapia da mão e alterações nas atividades não acarretam risco para si nem para o seu bebé e constituem quase sempre o ponto de partida. Frequentemente, são tudo o que é necessário.
  • Injeções de esteroides e cirurgia estão reservadas para a minoria dos casos que não melhoram, sendo discutidas com cada doente individualmente, ponderando o momento em relação à sua gravidez ou amamentação, de modo que qualquer decisão seja tomada com informação completa e adequada à sua situação.

Como muitas destas condições resolvem-se espontaneamente após o parto, o plano habitual é mantê-la confortável com medidas suaves e deixar que o tempo faça o resto.

Quando procurar ajuda

Entre em contacto connosco, ou consulte o seu médico de família, parteira ou a nossa equipa, se:

  • A dormência ou formigueiro se tornar grave ou constante, em vez de aparecer e desaparecer durante a noite.
  • Note fraqueza na mão, uma pegada fraca ou atrofia (afinamento) do músculo na base do polegar: estes podem ser sinais de que um nervo necessita de mais atenção.
  • Os sintomas não melhorarem nos meses após o nascimento do bebé, altura em que se esperaria que estivessem a melhorar.
  • A dor ou fraqueza estiver a afetar a sua capacidade para cuidar do bebé (alimentação, levantar ou transportar) e as medidas simples não estiverem a ser suficientes.

Procurar ajuda precocemente permite-nos ajustar uma tala adequada, organizar terapia da mão e, se alguma vez for necessário, discutir o pequeno número de outras opções, para que um problema comum e geralmente de curta duração não interfira com o prazer de desfrutar do seu novo bebé.


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