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Estabilização Anterior do Ombro

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Arthroscopic Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability — distinct from open Latarjet.

Updated May 2026
Uma ilustração desenhada à mão de um jogador de rugby sendo derrubado, com o ombro recebendo o impacto enquanto é empurrado em direção ao chão.
Imagem artroscópica de uma lesão de Bankart — uma ruptura do lábio anterior após luxação do ombro. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Por que esta operação foi sugerida

Esta operação, chamada estabilização anterior do ombro, é uma cirurgia minimamente invasiva que repara a parte frontal da articulação do ombro para evitar que ela saia do lugar. Seu cirurgião provavelmente sugeriu isso porque os tratamentos não cirúrgicos, como terapia e uso de órtese, não proporcionaram melhora suficiente. Você pode ser uma pessoa jovem e ativa ou um atleta que teve luxações repetidas. Embora os resultados sejam menos previsíveis em esportes de contato, a cirurgia visa restaurar a estabilidade para que você possa se mover livremente, sem medo de que o ombro volte a ceder.

Antes da cirurgia

Jejeie por seis horas antes da sua cirurgia e interrompa qualquer medicamento anticoagulante conforme orientado pelo seu cirurgião. Organize para que um amigo ou familiar o conduza em casa, pois você não poderá dirigir. Vista roupas largas e confortáveis e traga uma lista completa de todos os medicamentos atuais. Provavelmente, será necessário realizar uma radiografia, ressonância magnética, exames de sangue e uma avaliação anestésica antes do dia da cirurgia. Essas avaliações ajudam o seu cirurgião a ter uma visão completa do seu ombro e garantem que você esteja apto para o procedimento. O seu cirurgião realizará esta operação por meio de uma abordagem artroscópica, que utiliza duas ou três pequenas incisões e uma pequena câmera dentro da articulação.

No dia da cirurgia

Você chegará ao hospital e conhecerá seu cirurgião e o anestesiologista. Esta operação é realizada sob anestesia geral combinada com um bloqueio nervoso regional. Você estará completamente adormecido durante a cirurgia, e o bloqueio (uma injeção que adormece os nervos que fornecem a braço antes de você acordar) proporciona alívio da dor nas primeiras 12 a 24 horas após a cirurgia. O anestesiologista irá encontrá-lo antes da operação e explicar ambas as partes.

Depois disso, você será levado para o centro cirúrgico. Seu cirurgião realiza este procedimento por meio de uma abordagem artroscópica (por chaveiro) com duas ou três pequenas incisões e uma pequena câmera dentro da articulação. Você acordará na sala de recuperação sentindo-se tonto, com a injeção anestésica ainda em ação para mantê-lo confortável.

O que a cirurgia envolve

O seu cirurgião realizará esta cirurgia através de uma abordagem artroscópica. Ele fará dois ou três pequenos cortes, cada um com cerca de 1 cm de comprimento, ao redor do seu ombro. Através dessas pequenas aberturas, ele insere uma pequena câmera e instrumentos especiais para visualizar o interior da sua articulação.

O seu cirurgião reatará o tecido e os ligamentos rasgados ao osso. Para manter esses reparos no lugar, ele utilizará pequenos âncoras. As evidências sugerem o uso de pelo menos quatro pontos de âncora para garantir que o ombro permaneça estável. Essas âncoras são posicionadas a cerca de 5 a 8 mm de distância uma da outra. Se necessário, ele também pode deslocar um fragmento ósseo para criar uma barreira que impeça que o ombro volte a sair do lugar.

Uma vez concluído o reparo, o seu cirurgião fechará os pequenos cortes com pontos ou cola. Em seguida, ele cobrirá a área com uma curativo. Todo este processo foi projetado para restaurar a estabilidade da sua articulação do ombro por meio destas etapas precisas e minimamente invasivas.

Após a cirurgia

Você acordará em uma enfermaria de recuperação. Seu cirurgião realizará pequenas incisões de acesso mínimo com uma câmera diminuta dentro do seu ombro. Você usará uma tipóia e terá curativos no ombro. A dor será controlada com medicamentos gerais. A maioria dos pacientes permanece uma noite no hospital após esta cirurgia, embora alguns possam ir para casa no mesmo dia. Você deve ter alguém para ficar com você nas primeiras 24 horas. Você pode mover os dedos e o cotovelo suavemente imediatamente. Seu cirurgião informará exatamente quando começar a mover o ombro. A maioria das pessoas melhora dentro de alguns dias.

Recuperação

Você terá dois ou três pequenos cortes para esta cirurgia minimamente invasiva. Seu ombro ficará rígido e dolorido nos primeiros dias. O inchaço é normal e diminuirá lentamente. Você usará uma tipóia para proteger seu ombro enquanto ele cicatriza. Isso ajuda você a dormir mais confortavelmente à noite.

Seu fisioterapeuta irá guiá-lo por meio de exercícios suaves para mover seu braço. Você começará com movimentos pequenos para prevenir a rigidez. À medida que sua dor diminuir, você fará mais alongamentos e fortalecimento. Você pode retornar a tarefas domésticas leves assim que seu cirurgião considerar seguro. Você deve evitar levantar pesos ou movimentos bruscos até receber autorização.

Sua trajetória de recuperação é única para você. Algumas pessoas se sentem melhor rapidamente, enquanto outras levam mais tempo. Seu cirurgião e fisioterapeuta acompanharão seu progresso e ajustarão seu plano. Confie em seus conselhos enquanto trabalha para recuperar sua força.

O que pode correr mal

A maioria dos pacientes tem uma boa evolução, mas ocasionalmente podem ocorrer problemas. O seu cirurgião e a equipa monitorizam-no de perto para detetar qualquer problema precocemente.

Por vezes, o ombro volta a sentir-se instável. Pode notar que a articulação sai do lugar ou uma sensação de que não está segura. Isto pode acontecer mesmo após a cirurgia, especialmente se praticar desportos de contacto. Se isto ocorrer, contacte o seu cirurgião imediatamente para discutir as suas opções.

Em alguns casos, o ombro pode não ficar tão forte como antes. Pode verificar maior dificuldade em utilizar o seu braço dominante para tarefas diárias ou desporto. Se notar fraqueza persistente ou dificuldade em mover o braço, mencione isto na sua próxima consulta de acompanhamento.

Pode experimentar dor que não melhora com analgésicos simples. Isto pode indicar que a reparação não está a cicatrizar conforme o esperado. Se a dor for profunda, pulsátil ou piorar, ligue para a clínica imediatamente.

Se teve uma primeira luxação, a cirurgia ajuda a reduzir o risco de esta voltar a acontecer. No entanto, se teve múltiplas luxações antes da operação, o risco de recidiva é maior. O seu cirurgião seleciona a melhor técnica para si, a fim de minimizar este risco.

A tabela de complicações nesta página lista as taxas típicas, caso queira os detalhes específicos.

Quando ligar para nós

Ligue para nós se tiver febre, vermelhidão crescente ou secreção das feridas. Vá à emergência se sentir dor intensa súbita, inchaço na panturrilha ou falta de ar. Entre em contato imediatamente se perder sensibilidade ou não conseguir mover o braço. Esses sinais exigem avaliação urgente para proteger sua recuperação.


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