Skip to content

Patients › Rehabilitation

Artroplastia Reversa do Ombro

Phase-by-phase rehabilitation protocol after reverse shoulder replacement, including dislocation precautions and the early exercise program.

Updated Jun 2026
Ilustração de um implante de artroplastia reversa do ombro: uma esfera metálica sobre uma placa de base parafusada, acima de um componente côncavo com haste.
A artroplastia reversa do ombro, onde a esfera fica na escápula e a cavidade no braço. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

Este protocolo orienta a sua recuperação após artroplastia do ombro reversa (substituição do ombro reversa) com o Dr. Kieran Hirpara no Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Cada fase abaixo inicia com uma explicação em linguagem simples sobre o que está ocorrendo e o que é mais importante, seguida pelo protocolo estruturado para o seu fisioterapeuta: leve esta página ou seu PDF à sua primeira consulta de fisioterapia para que a sua reabilitação permaneça coordenada. O seu fisioterapeuta pode ajustar o plano dependendo de como a sua recuperação progride.

Se tiver alguma preocupação sobre a sua ferida após a cirurgia, entre em contato com a clínica. Muitas vezes, é útil tirar uma foto da ferida e enviá-la por e-mail para avaliação.

O que esperar

Você terá o braço adormecido ao despertar, e a sensibilidade deve começar a retornar após cerca de 24 horas. Pode haver algum formigamento ou fraqueza por até uma semana.

Ao despertar da sua cirurgia, você estará em uma atadura, com uma grande almofada sobre o ombro. Esta almofada será removida antes da alta. Por baixo, haverá um curativo impermeável cobrindo uma fita de cola cirúrgica, que pode permanecer intacta por 2 semanas. Seus pontos são absorvíveis e não precisam ser removidos, mas pode haver pontas de pontos em cada extremidade da ferida que podem ser cortadas rente à pele após 2 semanas. Você terá uma consulta agendada com nossa enfermeira para verificação da ferida entre 1 e 2 semanas após a sua cirurgia. Se você não puder comparecer à verificação do curativo, poderá removê-lo você mesmo após 2 semanas.

Prazos aproximados para retorno às atividades:

  • Dirigir: 6 semanas
  • Natação: peito: 8 semanas; crawl: 12 semanas
  • Golfe: 3 meses
  • Levantar peso: levantamentos leves podem começar em 6 semanas; evite levantar objetos pesados por 6 meses
  • Trabalho: trabalho sedentário: 6 semanas; trabalho manual: orientado pelo seu cirurgião

Usar a sua manta

A sua manta apoia o ombro para maior conforto enquanto a dor inicial diminui. A sua função é suportar o peso do braço. Não mantém a reparação no lugar. As regras são simples:

  • Use-a durante cerca de 2 semanas para conforto e suporte, e depois comece a reduzi-la gradualmente durante o dia. Um breve período de uso à noite é aceitável se ajudar a relaxar, mas é opcional.
  • Retire-a para tomar duche e para os seus exercícios, após ter sido instruído sobre como o fazer.
  • Em repouso em casa, pode retirá-la sempre que se sentir confortável: com o braço apoiado numa almofada enquanto está sentado.
  • Use gelo se o ombro estiver inchado ou dolorido, especialmente após os exercícios.

O seu fisioterapeuta irá ajudá-lo a colocar a manta no início e irá ensiná-lo a geri-la de forma independente antes de ir para casa. O ajuste correto é importante, pois uma manta frouxa não o apoia adequadamente:

  1. Certifique-se sempre de que, ao colocar a manta, o seu cotovelo está posicionado no canto da manta e bem suportado.
  2. A extremidade de uma manta bem ajustada deve repousar confortavelmente na articulação do dedo mínimo. Se a sua mão ficar demasiado exposta para fora da manta, não lhe proporcionará o suporte adequado.
  3. A sua manta tem duas tiras de velcro: uma que se ajusta ao redor do pescoço e outra ao redor da cintura.
  4. Depois de posicionar corretamente o cotovelo e o antebraço, use o braço não operado para passar a tira superior ao redor do pescoço até à frente e prendê-la através da alça superior da manta.
  5. Utilize o mesmo método para prender a tira inferior ao redor da cintura, fixando-a através da alça inferior da manta.

Durante o período em que usar a manta, esteja atento à sua postura em todos os momentos e evite permitir que os ombros adotem uma posição curvada. Para alcançar uma boa posição postural, tente manter as orelhas, os ombros e os quadris alinhados; isto é importante para as costas e ajudará a prevenir a rigidez na articulação do ombro. Uma toalha enrolada colocada na parte inferior das costas enquanto está sentado pode servir como um lembrete útil.

Os seus primeiros dias no hospital

Antes de ser dado alta, os fisioterapeutas do hospital iniciarão um conjunto simples de exercícios, apresentados abaixo. É útil compreender três termos que eles utilizarão. Amplitude de movimento ativa significa o movimento que você realiza por si mesmo, sem ajuda ou assistência. Amplitude de movimento ativa-assistida significa utilizar o outro braço (ou um objeto, como uma bengala) para ajudar a mover o braço. Amplitude de movimento passiva significa que o braço permanece completamente relaxado enquanto o outro braço (ou outra pessoa) realiza o trabalho. Desde o início, pode começar a mover o ombro com assistência do outro braço e, dentro dos limites do conforto, suavemente por força própria, sendo geralmente mais fácil deitar de costas para que a gravidade ajude. Deixe o conforto ser o seu guia e avance conforme ele permitir.

Alguns pontos práticos para estes primeiros dias:

  • Utilize a atadura para conforto. Um breve período de uso à noite é aceitável se ajudar a acalmar, mas é opcional.
  • Utilize gelo para alívio da dor, se necessário.
  • Ao usar a atadura, relaxe o ombro e deixe que a atadura suporte o peso do braço.
  • Tome os analgésicos antes de realizar os seus exercícios e antes das suas consultas de fisioterapia.
  • Pode tirar o braço da atadura para realizar os exercícios e para tomar banho.
  • Use a atadura para conforto e suporte durante cerca de 2 semanas, depois reduza gradualmente o seu uso durante o dia.
  • A menos que tenha optado por organizar a sua própria fisioterapia, uma consulta foi agendada para si e os detalhes encontram-se no seu pacote de alta hospitalar.
  • Se tiver quaisquer problemas, contacte o consultório ou informe o seu fisioterapeuta.

Estes são os exercícios que os fisioterapeutas do hospital iniciarão, a serem continuados em casa conforme orientado pelo seu fisioterapeuta.

Seus exercícios hospitalares

Fase I — Proteção (Semanas 0–3)

As primeiras três semanas consistem em estabilizar a nova articulação do ombro e facilitar o seu retorno ao movimento. Utilize a atadura para conforto, controle o inchaço com gelo e compressão e mantenha o cotovelo, o pulso e a mão em movimento. Desde o início, também começa a realizar movimentos suaves do ombro, assistidos pelo outro braço e, dentro do conforto, suavemente por força própria, sendo frequentemente mais fácil deitar de costas para que a gravidade ajude. Deixe o conforto ser o seu guia e não force nada. As regras mais importantes dizem respeito à proteção da articulação contra a saída do lugar: não alcance atrás das costas nem rode o braço para dentro, não levante nada e não se empurre para cima através das mãos. Ao deitar de costas, mantenha uma pequena almofada ou toalha enrolada sob o cotovelo para que o ombro não se estique para trás.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Proteger a estabilidade dos componentes (evitar a posição de luxação)
  • Reduzir o inchaço, minimizar a dor
  • Manter a amplitude de movimento (ROM) do membro superior (UE) no cotovelo, mão e pulso
  • Estabelecer movimento ativo-assistido e ativo precoce do ombro dentro do conforto
  • Minimizar a inibição muscular
  • Educação do paciente

Atadura

  • Rotação neutra
  • Para conforto e suporte; uso noturno opcional e breve; desmame durante o dia a partir de ~2 semanas

Gestão

  • Gestão do inchaço: gelo, compressão
  • Amplitude de movimento / mobilidade:
    • AMO passiva (PROM): rotação externa (ER) no plano escapular até à tolerância; flexão/scaptação ≤ 120 graus; abdução (ABD) ≤ 90 graus; flexão glenoumeral (GH) sentada com deslizamento na mesa; pêndulos; deslizamentos horizontais na mesa sentada
    • Amplitude de movimento ativo-assistida (AAROM): desde o início: flexão do ombro ativo-assistida (começar deitado de costas/assistida pela gravidade), dentro dos limites da PROM acima indicados
    • Amplitude de movimento ativa (AROM): desde o início: movimento suave do ombro ativo conforme tolerado dentro do conforto; mais cotovelo, mão, pulso

Precauções

  • Sem AMO passiva/ativa do ombro em rotação interna (RI)
  • Sem alcançar atrás das costas, especialmente em rotação interna
  • Evitar a posição combinada de extensão + adução + rotação interna (posição de luxação)
  • Sem levantamento de objetos
  • Sem apoio do peso corporal nas mãos
  • Colocar pequena almofada/enrolado de toalha sob o cotovelo ao deitar de costas para evitar hiperextensão do ombro

Critérios para progressão

  • Aumento gradual da AMO passiva (PROM), ativo-assistida (AAROM) e ativa (AROM) do ombro dentro do conforto
  • 0 graus de AMO passiva (PROM) do ombro em rotação interna
  • Dor < 4/10
  • Sem complicações na Fase I

Fase II — Intermediária (Semanas 4–6)

O ombro agora desenvolve-se com base no movimento iniciado logo após a cirurgia. A amplitude de movimento continua a aumentar, e o primeiro trabalho de ativação e fortalecimento dos músculos periescapulares (periscapulares) e do deltóide começa por volta da semana 4. Nesta fase, deve estar sem a muleta durante o dia; pode ainda utilizá-la brevemente à noite apenas se isso proporcionar conforto. As regras de proteção continuam a aplicar-se: não levantar nada mais pesado do que uma chávena de café, não alcançar atrás das costas, não empurrar através das mãos e manter a almofada sob o cotovelo ao deitar de costas.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Continuar a proteger a estabilidade dos componentes (evitar a posição de luxação)
  • Reduzir o inchaço, minimizar a dor
  • Aumentar gradualmente a amplitude de movimento passiva (PROM) do ombro
  • Progressão da amplitude de movimento ativa assistida (AAROM)/ativa (AROM) do ombro
  • Iniciar a ativação e o fortalecimento dos músculos periescapulares (~semana 4)
  • Iniciar a ativação e o fortalecimento do deltóide (~semana 4; evitar a extensão do ombro ao ativar o deltóide posterior)
  • Educação do paciente

Muleta

  • Descontinuar o uso diurno (desmame a partir de ~2 semanas)
  • Uso noturno breve opcional apenas se proporcionar conforto

Gestão

  • Continuar com as intervenções da Fase I
  • Amplitude de movimento / mobilidade:
    • AAROM: flexão do ombro ativa-assistida, flexão do ombro com bengala, alongamento de rotação externa com bengala, pressão com pano de lavar, elevação do ombro sentado com bengala
    • AROM: flexão deitado de costas, saudações, soco deitado de costas
  • Fortalecimento:
    • Periescapulares: retração escapular, posicionamento escapular em pé, posicionamento escapular suportado, remada baixa, deslize inferior
    • Deltóide: isometria no plano escapular

Precauções

  • Não alcançar atrás das costas, especialmente em rotação interna
  • Evitar a posição combinada de extensão + adução + rotação interna (luxação) até ~semana 6
  • Não levantar objetos mais pesados do que uma chávena de café
  • Não apoiar o peso do corpo nas mãos
  • Colocar uma pequena almofada/rolo de toalha sob o cotovelo ao deitar de costas para evitar a hiperextensão do ombro

Critérios para progressão

  • Aumento gradual da amplitude de movimento passiva (PROM), ativa assistida (AAROM) e ativa (AROM) do ombro
  • 0 graus de amplitude de movimento passiva (PROM) do ombro em rotação interna (IR)
  • Contração muscular palpável sentida na musculatura escapular
  • Dor < 4/10
  • Sem complicações com a Fase II

Fase III — Intermediária, continuação (Semanas 7–8)

A tipia já está bem para trás. O movimento progride em todas as direções, incluindo a primeira rotação interna passiva suave (girar o braço para dentro), e o trabalho de fortalecimento dos músculos deltoide e escapular intensifica-se, juntamente com os primeiros exercícios de controle motor (coordenação). Os limites que permanecem: nada mais pesado do que uma xícara de café, não alcançar atrás das costas para além do bolso da calça, não apoiar o peso do corpo nas mãos e evitar estender o braço para trás do corpo.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Minimizar a dor
  • Progressão gradual da ROM passiva do ombro; iniciar ROM passiva interna do ombro no plano escapular
  • Progressão gradual da ROM assistida ativa do ombro
  • Progressão gradual da ROM ativa do ombro
  • Progressão do fortalecimento do deltoide
  • Progressão do fortalecimento periescapular
  • Iniciar exercícios de controle motor
  • Educação do paciente

Tipia

  • Descontinuar

Conduta

  • Continuar com as intervenções das Fases I e II
  • Amplitude de movimento / mobilidade:
    • ROM passiva: completa em todos os planos; progressão gradual da ROM passiva interna no plano escapular ≤ 50 graus
    • ROM assistida ativa: deslizes em mesa inclinada, escalada na parede, polias, elevação do ombro sentado com bengala com abaixamento ativo
    • ROM ativa: elevação lateral sentada, flexão sentada, elevação frontal deitado com resistência elástica até 90 graus
  • Fortalecimento:
    • Periescapular: remada em bola suíça, socos do serrátil
    • Deltoide: elevação do ombro sentado com bengala, elevação do ombro sentado com bengala com abaixamento ativo, rolar bola na parede
  • Controle motor:
    • Rotação interna/externa no plano de elevação lateral e flexão 90–125 graus (estabilização rítmica) deitado
  • Alongamento:
    • Adução horizontal deitado de lado, tríceps e latíssimo do dorso

Precauções

  • Não alcançar atrás das costas para além do bolso da calça
  • Não levantar objetos mais pesados do que uma xícara de café
  • Não apoiar o peso do corpo com as mãos
  • Evitar hiperextensão do ombro

Critérios para progressão

  • Metas de ROM (as expectativas de ROM passiva e ativa são individualizadas e dependem das medidas de ROM obtidas na sala de cirurgia pós-operatóriamente):
    • Elevação ≤ 140 graus
    • Rotação externa ≤ 30 graus em neutro
    • Rotação interna ≤ 50 graus no plano escapular, ou bolso traseiro
  • Padrões mínimos ou nulos de substituição com a ROM ativa do ombro
  • Dor < 4/10

Fase IV — Transitória (Semanas 9–11)

Esta fase é a ponte para o retorno ao uso normal do braço. A amplitude de movimento passiva deve estar agora completa em todos os planos, e o foco desloca-se para o fortalecimento do deltóide e dos músculos da escápula, o desenvolvimento da estabilidade dinâmica e da coordenação, e a restauração gradual da força e da resistência, com o retorno às atividades funcionais completas. A única limitação firme: não levantar objetos pesados (mais de 5 kg).

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Manter a ADM sem dor
  • Progressão do fortalecimento periescapular
  • Progressão do fortalecimento do deltóide
  • Progressão dos exercícios de controlo motor
  • Melhorar a estabilidade dinâmica do ombro
  • Restaurar gradualmente a força e a resistência do ombro
  • Retorno às atividades funcionais completas

Gestão

  • Continuar com as intervenções das Fases II–III
  • Amplitude de movimento / mobilidade:
    • ADM passiva: ADM completa em todos os planos
  • Fortalecimento:
    • Periescapular: extensão do ombro com banda elástica, remadas sentadas com banda elástica, remar, remada, cortadores de relva, tripé, ponteiro
    • Deltóide: adicionar gradualmente resistência com exercício do deltóide
  • Controlo motor:
    • RO/RE e flexão a 90–125 graus (estabilização rítmica)
    • Isométricos alternados em quadrupedia e estabilização com bola na parede
    • Golos de campo
    • Facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP): levantamentos diagonais D1, levantamentos diagonais D2

Precauções

  • Não levantar objetos pesados (> 5 kg)

Critérios para progressão

  • Executa todos os exercícios demonstrando mecânica escapular simétrica
  • Dor < 2/10

Fase V — Fortalecimento avançado (Semanas 12–16)

A fase final condiciona o ombro para a vida cotidiana: manter o movimento sem dor, ao mesmo tempo em que se constrói a força e a resistência para usar o braço com confiança. Se foi realizada uma reparação do manguito rotador ao mesmo tempo que a sua substituição articular, o fortalecimento do manguito rotador (MR) começa agora. O limite de levantamento aumenta, mas objetos pesados (acima de 7 kg) continuam a ser proibidos. Esta fase e o protocolo terminam com a autorização do seu cirurgião, após o cumprimento de todos os marcos de progresso.

Para o seu fisioterapeuta:

Objetivos

  • Manter a amplitude de movimento (AM) sem dor
  • Iniciar o fortalecimento do manguito rotador (MR) com reparação concomitante
  • Melhorar a força e a resistência do ombro
  • Aprimorar o uso funcional do membro superior

Conduta

  • Continuar com as intervenções das Fases II–IV
  • Fortalecimento:
    • Periescapular: push-up plus de joelhos, exercício em "W", "W" com banda elástica, extensão isométrica de ombro em decúbito ventral, abraço dinâmico, abraço dinâmico com banda elástica, soco frontal com banda elástica, soco frontal, T e Y, exercício em "T"
    • Deltóide: continuar aumentando gradualmente a flexão e a abdução (scaption) resistidas em posições funcionais
    • Cotovelo: rosca bíceps, rosca bíceps com banda elástica e tríceps
    • Manguito rotador: isometria de rotação interna/externa, rotação externa em decúbito lateral, rotação externa em pé com banda elástica, rotação interna em pé com banda elástica, rotação interna, rotação externa, abdução (ABD) em decúbito lateral progredindo para abdução em pé
  • Controle motor:
    • Padrão PNF com banda elástica, levantamentos diagonais PNF D1 com resistência, diagonal para cima, diagonal para baixo, deslizes na parede com banda elástica

Precauções

  • Não levantar objetos pesados (> 7 kg)

Critérios para progressão

  • Autorização do cirurgião e cumprimento de TODOS os critérios dos marcos de progresso
  • Manter a AM passiva (AMP) e AM ativa (AMA) sem dor
  • Executar todos os exercícios demonstrando mecânica escapular simétrica
  • Medidas de desfecho relatadas pelo paciente QuickDASH e ASES

Após o seu protocolo

Este protocolo complementa as orientações gerais de recuperação da clínica: consulte o manejo da dor pós-operatória e o cuidado com a ferida. Para o procedimento cirúrgico em si, consulte a artroplastia reversa do ombro.

As evidências clínicas que sustentam este protocolo (os ensaios de reabilitação publicados, o raciocínio para as regras de uso da tipóia e de movimento, e as referências de pesquisa) estão detalhadas no resumo de evidências complementar (disponível para download em PDF).


Evidence & references

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (Cuff-Tear Arthropathy / Arthritis) — Post-operative Rehabilitation Evidence

Topic scope: Post-operative rehabilitation after elective reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA / rTSA) for rotator-cuff-tear arthropathy, glenohumeral arthritis with an irreparable cuff, or a massive irreparable cuff tear — not the acute proximal-humerus-fracture indication, where tuberosity healing imposes its own restrictions. The evidence base for the operation (when RSA is indicated, implant survivorship, complication profile) is extensive; the evidence base for the rehabilitation protocol is smaller but, unusually for shoulder surgery, now includes several randomised trials directly comparing immobilisation strategies.

Defining principle of this rehab: RSA rehabilitation is comparatively permissive and is increasingly run on an accelerated footing. Two features of the reconstructed joint explain why. First, the deltoid — not the rotator cuff — drives elevation after RSA; the design medialises and lowers the centre of rotation so the deltoid can elevate an arm that has no functioning cuff. Second, there is usually no subscapularis repair to protect (and many surgeons deliberately leave it unrepaired with a lateralised implant), so the external-rotation restriction that dominates anatomic-TSA rehab is far less central here. The principal early caution is therefore not tissue healing but component stability: a reverse prosthesis can dislocate, and the at-risk position is the combination of extension + adduction + internal rotation (the hand-behind-the-back / tucking-in-a-shirt movement). Early rehab accordingly protects against that position while otherwise encouraging motion. The sling is largely for comfort, support and dislocation-avoidance, and the published trial evidence shows that shortening or even omitting it does not increase the dislocation or complication rate.

Surgeon's protocol note: Dr Hirpara's protocol on this page is run on an accelerated footing, directly aligned with the randomised and cohort evidence below: a short ~2-week comfort sling (weaned off during the day; optional brief night use), active-assisted and active shoulder motion from the start (within defined limits, beginning supine/gravity-assisted), and deltoid + periscapular strengthening from ~week 4. The main early constraint is component stability, so the extension + adduction + internal-rotation (hand-behind-back) dislocation position is avoided for the first ~6 weeks while motion is otherwise encouraged. Elevation after RSA is deltoid-driven, which is why strengthening is deltoid- and periscapular-focused. Follow the protocol your surgeon has set.


The operation, in brief

In a reverse replacement the normal anatomy is inverted: a ball (glenosphere) is fixed to the shoulder blade and a cup is fixed to the top of the arm bone. This moves the joint's pivot point down and in, which lengthens and tensions the deltoid and lets that muscle lift the arm even when the rotator cuff is gone — the situation in cuff-tear arthropathy. Because the implant, not the patient's own cuff, provides stability and power, the rehabilitation logic differs fundamentally from a cuff repair (where a healing tendon must be protected) and from an anatomic replacement (where a repaired subscapularis must be protected).


Evidence by theme

1. Early / accelerated motion is safe — multiple randomised trials

This is the best-supported part of RSA rehabilitation, and it is unusually strong for a shoulder rehab question because it rests on randomised controlled trials, not just consensus:

  • Hagen et al. (2020), single-blind RCT, 107 shoulders — randomised to immediate physical therapy (passive + active ROM from the start) versus 6-week delayed therapy. No difference in final ROM, patient-reported outcomes, or dislocation/complication rate (early 7.1% vs delayed 9.1%). [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.017]
  • Edwards / "two rehabilitation approaches" RCT, 61 patients (63 shoulders)early active (submaximal isometric deltoid work from week 2) versus delayed active rehab, both with a 6-week sling. Pain and overall function were equivalent at 3, 6 and 12 months, but the early-active group had significantly better active forward flexion at 3 months (p = 0.019) — i.e. earlier functional gain without added risk. [Literature — PMC8512973]
  • Lee et al. (2021), 357 shoulders — randomised to no immobilisation / early motion, 3-week sling, or 6-week sling. No difference in patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction, pain or ROM; the immediate-motion group had the lowest overall complication rate (reported as ~4% vs ~24.6% in the 6-week cohort in the pooled systematic-review re-analysis). [via Sachinis 2024 SR]

A systematic review (Sachinis et al., 2024; 3 controlled trials, ~527 shoulders) concluded that accelerated rehabilitation is safe and yields equivalent 12-month outcomes, while cautioning that protocols should still be individualised by bone quality, age, diagnosis and surgical complexity rather than applied uniformly. [Literature — PMC11034463]

Evidence: MODERATE–STRONG (several RCTs + SR), though individual trials are modest in size.

2. Sling duration can be shortened without added risk

  • A large retrospective cohort (960 patients) compared 2-week vs 6-week sling immobilisation after RSA and found no difference in complication rate (12.0% vs 15.0%, p = 0.21), dislocation rate (p = 0.79), acromial stress fracture, loosening or infection; final flexion and ER were equivalent. The authors concluded shorter immobilisation does not incur additional risk. [Literature — PMC10638591]
  • Published institutional protocols (e.g. Massachusetts General Brigham) have themselves moved from a 6-week to a 4-week sling standard, attributing the change to improved implant design. [Published protocol — MGH Sports Medicine]

Evidence: MODERATE (one large cohort + protocol trend; the question is now whether 6 weeks is necessary, not whether it is safe).

3. The deltoid drives recovery — and formal active PT may add little

Because elevation depends on deltoid recruitment (with documented compensatory recruitment of upper trapezius, latissimus and posterior deltoid), strengthening is deltoid- and periscapular-focused rather than cuff-focused. Notably, a multicentre RCT found that a formal active physical-therapy programme did not improve outcomes over a home/self-directed programme after RSA — many patients recover well with a structured home programme and physiotherapist supervision rather than intensive hands-on active therapy. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.011] This supports a pragmatic, education-and-home-exercise model.

Evidence: MODERATE (RCT).

4. Dislocation: low but real, and the early protective position is specific

Dislocation is the relevant early stability complication (as opposed to the tissue-healing concern of a cuff repair). Corpus series on dislocation following RSA identify the at-risk position as adduction + internal rotation + extension, and identify subscapularis insufficiency and implant/soft-tissue tensioning as contributors to instability. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2016.12.073; 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.013] This is precisely why early protocols — accelerated or conservative — restrict reaching behind the back and forced internal rotation while otherwise allowing supported elevation. The role of routine subscapularis repair in preventing dislocation is debated and interacts with glenosphere lateralisation (a lateralised design appears less reliant on subscapularis repair for stability). [RAG corpus — 10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00781]

Evidence: MODERATE (cohort/registry); the precaution itself is universal consensus.

5. Contrast with anatomic TSA rehabilitation

The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists (ASSET) consensus on anatomic TSA rehab centres on protecting the subscapularis repair — limiting passive external rotation and active internal rotation for ~6 weeks. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.019] After RSA that specific constraint is usually absent or much reduced (no cuff repair to protect; subscapularis often not repaired), which is the structural reason RSA rehab is more permissive in external rotation while being more attentive to the dislocation-position combination.


Phased post-operative timeline

This table reflects Dr Hirpara's protocol on this page (the accelerated, ~2-week-sling approach). The right-hand column notes the published evidence that the protocol is grounded in.

Phase Window Sling Shoulder motion Strengthening Accelerated-evidence basis
I — Protection Week 0–3 Comfort/support; wean off during the day from ~2 weeks; optional brief night use Active-assisted and active as tolerated from the start (begin supine/gravity-assisted; ER in scapular plane to tolerance; flexion/scaption ≤120°; abduction ≤90°); no IR, no reaching behind back, avoid the dislocation position; elbow/wrist/hand active RCTs show early active/AAROM from the start carries no added dislocation/complication risk (Hagen 2020; Edwards)
II — Intermediate Week 4–6 Off during the day; optional brief night use Progress AAROM and AROM Periscapular + deltoid activation and strengthening initiated (~week 4) Early active deltoid work gives earlier functional gain without added risk (Edwards)
III — Intermediate cont. Week 7–8 Discontinued Progress AROM all planes; first gentle passive IR in scapular plane (≤50°) Deltoid + periscapular progressed; motor control Cohort data: 2-week sling non-inferior to 6 weeks (no extra dislocations)
IV — Transitional Week 9–11 Full passive ROM all planes Resisted deltoid/periscapular; dynamic stability; PNF; no lifting >5 kg
V — Advanced strengthening Week 12–16 Maintain pain-free full ROM Add rotator-cuff strengthening if a cuff repair was done; functional loading; no lifting >7 kg Resisted IR / eccentric / closed-chain typically from ~12 weeks

Return-to-activity anchors (from this protocol): driving ~6 weeks; light lifting from 6 weeks but no heavy lifting for ~6 months; swimming (breaststroke) 8 weeks / freestyle 12 weeks; golf ~3 months; sedentary work 6 weeks, manual work surgeon-guided. Published sport-return data after RSA are encouraging for low-impact activity (≈60–86% return; swimming ~84%, golf/fitness ~77%) but caution against high-impact and contact sport given prosthesis-loading and revision concerns. [Literature — PMC10043097]


Key controversies / evidence quality

  1. Accelerated vs conservative rehab — and where this protocol sits. The randomised evidence shows early motion and shorter (or no) immobilisation are safe and may give earlier functional gain, with equivalent 12-month outcomes. Dr Hirpara's ~2-week comfort sling, active-assisted/active motion from the start, strengthening from ~week 4 protocol aligns with this accelerated evidence. The systematic review still endorses individualisation (bone quality, fixation, intra-operative stability, soft-tissue tensioning, any concomitant cuff repair), so the surgeon may dial the plan back for a borderline-stable construct, softer bone, or a concomitant repair. The prescribed plan is the one to follow.

  2. Immobilisation duration. Trial and large-cohort data show 2–4 weeks is non-inferior to 6 weeks for dislocation and complications, which is why this protocol uses a short ~2-week comfort sling. Longer 6-week protocols persist elsewhere out of surgeon preference and construct-specific factors, with the low absolute dislocation rate making the question hard to power definitively.

  3. Precautions. The extension + adduction + internal rotation (hand-behind-back) restriction is near-universal consensus early on; the disagreement is about how long, and how much external-rotation freedom to allow (more than anatomic TSA, but bounded by soft-tissue tension).

  4. Subscapularis repair. Whether to repair it — and whether repair reduces dislocation — interacts with glenosphere lateralisation and remains debated; this in turn influences how restrictive early rehab needs to be.

  5. Active physiotherapy intensity. At least one RCT found formal active PT did not beat a structured home programme, supporting an education-led, home-exercise model with physiotherapist oversight rather than intensive hands-on therapy.


Evidence-strength flags (summary)

  • MODERATE–STRONG (RCT / SR): accelerated/early-motion rehab is safe with equivalent 12-month outcomes (Hagen 2020 RCT; Edwards RCT; Lee 2021; Sachinis 2024 SR); formal active PT not superior to home programme (multicentre RCT).
  • MODERATE (large cohort): 2-week sling non-inferior to 6-week sling for dislocation/complications (960-patient cohort); deltoid-driven recovery biomechanics.
  • CONSENSUS / WEAK: the dislocation-position precaution (universal but not trial-quantified for duration); the specific phase timings of this protocol (drawn from published institutional protocols + surgeon preference, not a head-to-head rehab RCT); subscapularis-repair effect on instability (conflicting cohort data).

Citations

  • Hagen MS, et al. Accelerated rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg / Semin Arthroplasty. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.017
  • Active physical therapy does not improve outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-center, randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.011
  • Kennedy J, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists' consensus statement on rehabilitation for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.019
  • Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.12.073
  • Edwards TB, et al. Subscapularis insufficiency and the risk of shoulder dislocation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.013
  • Clinical Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty With and Without Subscapularis Repair: The Importance of Considering Glenosphere Lateralization. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00781

Literature (URLs)

  • Sachinis NP, et al. Can we accelerate rehabilitation following reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A systematic review. Shoulder Elbow. 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11034463/
  • A randomised trial comparing two rehabilitation approaches following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (early active vs delayed active). 2021. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8512973/
  • No difference in complications between two-week vs. six-week duration of sling immobilization after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (960-patient cohort). 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638591/
  • Optimizing Outcomes After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Rehabilitation, Expected Outcomes, and Maximizing Return to Activities. 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10043097/
  • Kim Y-T, et al. Four weeks of immobilisation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty yields outcomes comparable to six weeks. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546419/

Published rehabilitation protocols (basis for the phase structure)

  • Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine. Rehabilitation Protocol for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. Revised December 2018. https://www.massgeneral.org/assets/mgh/pdf/orthopaedics/sports-medicine/physical-therapy/rehabilitation-protocol-for-reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty.pdf
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital. Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Protocol. https://www.brighamandwomens.org/assets/BWH/patients-and-families/pdfs/shoulder--reverse-total-shoulder-arthroplasty-protocol.pdf

Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.