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腓骨肌腱疾病

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Updated Sep 2026
Illustration: ankle

本页面由机器翻译，尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

您的感受

腓骨肌腱是两条位于踝关节外侧骨（腓骨）后方的肌腱，正好位于您能在踝关节侧面触摸到的那个骨性突起（外踝）的上方和下方。当其中一条肌腱受到刺激或撕裂时，疼痛就集中在该处，即踝关节和后足的外侧边缘。这种情况通常发生在踝关节内翻扭伤之后，但也可能随时间缓慢发展。

该区域可能看起来肿胀，触摸时有压痛。蹬地、用脚的外侧边缘站立，或在抗阻状态下将脚向外旋转，都可能使症状加重。在不平坦的地面上行走、上下楼梯以及需要快速左右移动的运动往往会诱发症状。有些人发现疼痛在活动后或次日早晨醒来时最为明显。休息和减少活动通常能缓解症状，直到下一次发作。

如果肌腱脱位，您可能会感觉到或看到踝骨后方有弹跳或滑脱感，有时伴有突然的锐痛。这可能在您旋转踝关节或将脚从向下向内（跖屈内翻）移动到向上向外（背伸外翻）时发生。有些人发现肌腱反复脱位，这使得在斜坡和楼梯上行走感觉不可靠。

如果肌腱完全撕裂，将脚向外旋转会变得无力且困难。给踝关节外侧施加负荷的日常任务，如蹬地行走、爬楼梯或单腿站立穿衣，可能会变得困难。肿胀和压痛与单纯刺激的情况非常相似，这就是为什么撕裂最初常被误认为是较不严重的问题。

这些问题并不常见，且容易被误认为是无法缓解的普通踝关节扭伤。如果踝关节外侧的疼痛在休息后持续存在，值得进行适当的检查。

实际发生了什么

位于外踝骨后方的两条肌腱沿着该骨上的浅沟走行。一种称为支持带的组织将肌腱固定在沟内，有点像安全带固定绳索一样。当肌腱工作时，它们会绕过骨端发生急剧弯曲，因此每次蹬地或转动脚部时，它们都处于张力之下。

这种结构可能出现多种问题。如果骨沟天生较浅，或者沟内有额外组织挤占空间，肌腱就会松动并可能脱出。当支持带撕裂时（通常发生在踝关节向内翻转的扭伤过程中），肌腱会在骨缘上来回弹跳。患者常描述有“啪”的一声或弹响感，随后出现疼痛和肿胀。每次脱位都可能使肌腱磨损，且这种磨损往往沿肌腱纵向延伸，就像绳索逐股散开一样。

最常受累的肌腱是附着于足外侧缘的那一条，部分原因是它被夹在另一条肌腱和踝骨后方之间。此外，在踝骨后方有一个部位，这些肌腱在此处的血供天生较差，因此该处的小损伤愈合缓慢。有些人天生在沟内多出一条肌腱，或者肌腹位置低于正常，这会挤占空间并增加张力。

这些问题常伴随踝关节不稳出现。如果踝关节外侧的韧带因扭伤而拉伸，肌腱就需要更费力地稳定关节，并且它们处于一个位置，使得突然的扭转可能对其造成损伤。这就是为什么上文提到的疼痛、弹响和无力感都源于同一个故事：肌腱在不再能保护它们的沟内滑动、摩擦或磨损。

我们能做什么

超声等扫描可以显示踝关节活动时肌腱是否脱位，而 MRI 可以显示肌腱本身的纵向撕裂。

对于随时间逐渐累积的肌腱刺激，我们通常先采取非手术方式。这意味着调整诱发疼痛的活动，穿着系带式踝关节护具，并与理疗师合作以稳定肌腱并重建力量。当刺激集中在某一小处炎症部位时，可能会建议改用石膏固定一段时间以让肌腱完全休息，同时口服抗炎药物。请给予这些措施充分的时间，再判断其是否无效。

如果上述措施未能缓解症状，手术可能是下一步。手术方案取决于肌腱的具体状况。磨损或部分撕裂的肌腱可以进行清理和修复，早期处理纵向裂口可降低其发展为完全撕裂的风险。对于完全断裂或磨损至无法修复的肌腱，可以将其切除，并调整剩余肌腱的走行，由其接管原肌腱的功能。如果两条肌腱均严重磨损，一个选择是使用供体肌腱组织进行重建。当肌腱反复从踝骨后方的凹槽中滑出时，手术可以修复或重建固定肌腱的带状结构，并加深凹槽以使肌腱稳固就位。该手术有专门的页面介绍，在做出任何决定之前，我们会与您详细讨论哪种方案适合您的踝关节。

预期情况

这些问题往往持续存在，而非自行消失。休息和减少活动可能缓解每次发作，但当您重返运动或在不平坦的地面上行走时，疼痛通常会再次出现。如果肌腱持续脱位，弹响通常会在接受治疗前持续存在。若任其发展，刺激和磨损可能会逐渐加重，因此早期获得正确诊断至关重要。

经过治疗，大多数人的预后是稳步改善。对于通过支具固定和物理治疗即可缓解的刺激，您可以预期先恢复行走和日常活动，然后随着肌腱力量的增强逐步恢复运动。对于弹响肌腱，修复或重建固定肌腱的“束带”的手术复发率较低，多年前接受过此类手术的人至今仍拥有稳定且无痛的踝关节。使用小型内窥镜进入肌腱鞘内的微创手术创伤较小，可以加快您重返运动的速度，但手术时间较长，且对医生的技术要求更高。

诚实地了解局限性是值得的。大约四分之一的踝关节慢性不稳治疗患者会继续发生扭伤。近半数患者无法恢复到之前的运动水平，这种情况在运动员以及外侧踝关节韧带也受损的人群中最为常见。在治疗前了解这一点有助于您为工作和运动设定现实的目标，一旦阅片完成，您的外科医生可以为您提供更清晰的个人预期时间线。

如果肌腱撕裂未得到治疗，损伤往往会进展，且大多数肌腱撕裂患者踝关节内部也存在需要单独处理的损伤。信息很简单：无法缓解的外侧踝关节疼痛值得仔细检查，因为越早找到病因，您的选择就越多。

何时就医

如果尽管休息，脚踝外侧的疼痛仍反复发作，或者在踝关节扭伤后疼痛持续不愈且未完全恢复，请咨询您的全科医生。如果外侧踝关节疼痛没有改善，请要求专科医生评估，因为此处肌腱撕裂容易被忽视，且常被误诊为普通扭伤。如果您的脚在抵抗下向外翻转时，肌腱出现弹跳或脱位，或者外翻动作变得无力，请尽早寻求评估。这些迹象表明肌腱可能正在滑脱、磨损或完全撕裂，越早查明病因，您拥有的治疗选择就越多。

Reviewed by AI synthesis (v2) — pending human review · 9 September 2026.

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Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

Bony and Soft Tissue Anatomy

  • The peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) tendons are innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve (S1) [4].
  • The peroneus longus and peroneus brevis originate from the fibula and interosseous membrane [4].
  • The peroneal tendons run in a sulcus called the peroneal groove formed posteriorly in the fibula [4].
  • The peroneal groove is further stabilized by a fibrocartilaginous rim and the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) [4].
  • Within the peroneal groove, the PB tendon is anterior and medial to the PL tendon [4].
  • Both peroneal tendons curve anteriorly around the tip of the fibula [4].
  • The peroneal tubercle separates the PL and PB tendons at the level of the calcaneus [4].
  • The PB tendon runs distally to insert onto the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal [4].
  • The PL tendon makes a 90° turn medially at the cuboid groove before inserting into the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform [4].
  • The peroneus brevis originates from the distal half of the lateral fibula [14].
  • The peroneus longus originates more proximally on the lateral fibula [14].
  • The peroneus longus inserts into the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal base [14].
  • The SPR runs from the posterolateral ridge of the fibula to the lateral calcaneus [14].
  • The SPR functions as the primary restraint to peroneal tendon subluxation within the retromalleolar sulcus [14].
  • The retromalleolar sulcus is deepened by a fibrocartilaginous rim which provides moderate inherent stability to the tendons [14].
  • Within the retromalleolar sulcus, the peroneus longus is found posterior to the peroneus brevis [14].
  • The low-lying muscle belly of the peroneus brevis typically terminates approximately 3 cm from the tip of the fibula [14].

Vascular Supply and Watershed Zones

  • A vascular watershed region just posterior to the fibula is the most common area of peroneal tendon injury [4].
  • Compression from the PL on the PB is implicated in the vascular watershed region posterior to the fibula [4].

Anatomic Variations

  • A low-lying PB muscle belly is an anatomic variation implicated in tendon tears and instability [4].
  • The presence of a peroneus quartus muscle is an anatomic variation implicated in tendon tears and instability [4].
  • The peroneus quartus muscle is present in 13% to 22% of individuals [4].
  • The peroneus quartus muscle may be seen in the fibular groove and contributes to crowding of the fibro-osseous tunnel [4].

Pathophysiology of Injury

  • Peroneal tendon injuries occur when there is rapid dorsiflexion of the inverted foot [14].
  • Anatomic studies demonstrate that peroneal tendons are perched along the distal fibula at 15° to 25° of plantar flexion, making them susceptible to inversion injury at this position [14].
  • Rapid dorsiflexion of the inverted foot causes reflexive contraction of the peroneus brevis and longus [14].
  • Reflexive contraction of the peroneal tendons can lead to frank tendon injury or injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum [14].
  • Chronic symptoms develop when peroneal tendons are not anatomically located in their retromalleolar position and subsequently subluxate abnormally with ankle motion [14].
  • Disruption of the SPR leads to repeated subluxation of the peroneal tendons [14].
  • Repeated subluxation often leads to longitudinal tears, most frequently in the peroneus brevis where it runs within the fibular groove [14].
  • Acute tendinitis may result from overuse, predisposition from a varus hindfoot, or stenosis within the peroneal tunnel [4].
  • Stenosis within the peroneal tunnel can be caused by a peroneus quartus muscle or a low-lying PB muscle belly [4].
  • Tendon tears may result from inversion injuries or injury causing tendon subluxation or dislocation [4].
  • Most peroneal tendon tears occur in the PB tendon at the level of the fibular groove [4].
  • Tears of the PL tendon are less common and usually occur at the peroneal tubercle [4].
  • PB and PL tendon tears are often longitudinal and typically seen in chronic situations [4].
  • Compression of the PB between the PL tendon and the posterior fibula is an etiologic factor for tendon tears [4].
  • Subluxation or dislocation of the tendons is an etiologic factor for tendon tears [4].
  • Diminished blood supply in the watershed region is an etiologic factor for tendon tears [4].
  • An acute change in direction around the fibula is an etiologic factor for tendon tears [4].
  • Ankle instability or varus heel is an etiologic factor for tendon tears [4].
  • A shallow peroneal groove and overcrowding of the fibular groove are predisposing factors for dislocation or subluxation [4].
  • Dislocation or subluxation occurs during an inversion injury to a dorsiflexed ankle with rapid reflexive contraction of the PL and PB tendons [4].
  • Dislocation or subluxation results in a disruption of the SPR or fibrocartilage ridge [4].
  • Acute longitudinal tendon tears may occur in the setting of dislocation or subluxation [4].
  • Patients with dislocation or subluxation describe a “pop” or snapping sensation, followed by pain and swelling [4].
  • Peroneal tendon injuries at the level of the ankle should be differentiated from Iselin disease, which is a traction apophysitis seen in the pediatric population [14].
  • Iselin disease results from repetitive traction of the peroneus brevis at its attachment at the base of the fifth metatarsal [14].
  • Symptomatic os vesalianum is a rare accessory bone adjacent to the fifth metatarsal in the substance of the peroneus brevis tendon that is included in the differential diagnosis of lateral fifth metatarsal pain in the pediatric population [14].

SPR Injury Classification

  • Grade I SPR injuries are characterized by partial avulsion of the SPR from the distal fibula, allowing subluxation of the tendons [14].
  • Grade II SPR injuries involve separation of the SPR from the distal fibrocartilaginous rim, causing the tendons to pass between the SPR and the rim [14].
  • Grade III SPR injuries are characterized by a frank cortical avulsion of the SPR from the distal fibula, forming a classic rim fracture [14].
  • Grade IV SPR injuries are characterized by SPR failure at the calcaneus instead of the fibula [14].

Classification

  • Peroneal tendon abnormalities are identified on routine magnetic resonance imaging of the foot and ankle [1].
  • A low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly is a potential source of tendon subluxation in patients with peroneal tendon pathologic features [1].
  • Peroneus longus tears are associated with pathology of the os peroneum [1].
  • Peroneal tendon dislocation can coexist with medial and lateral ligamentous laxity in the ankle joint [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be concomitant, involving both the peroneus longus and brevis tendons [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be classified as mid-substance defects [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be classified as irreparable [1].
  • Peroneal tendon instability can be managed via repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum [1].
  • Recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons is a distinct clinical presentation from primary dislocation [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with debridement and primary repair [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with allograft reconstruction [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with tenodesis [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with flexor tendon transfer [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with sliding fibular graft repair [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with staged reconstruction using a Hunter rod [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with tendoscopic repair [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with peroneal tendoscopy [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with retinaculum repair with or without fibular groove deepening [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with augmentation using an acellular dermal matrix allograft [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with lateral transfer of the flexor hallucis longus or flexor digitorum longus [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with single-stage flexor tendon transfer [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with allograft reconstruction versus tenodesis in a cadaveric model [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with mid-substance defect augmentation [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with sliding fibular graft repair for recurrent subluxation [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with treatment of coexisting medial and lateral ligamentous laxity [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with long-term results of debridement and primary repair [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with outcome after retinaculum repair with and without fibular groove deepening [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with comparison of outcome after retinaculum repair with and without fibular groove deepening [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with long-term results of debridement and primary repair of peroneal tendon tears [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with single-stage flexor tendon transfer for severe concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tendon tears [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with prevalence and role of a low-lying peroneus brevis muscle belly [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with tendoscopic repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum via 2 portals [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with allograft reconstruction of peroneal tendons: operative technique and clinical outcomes [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with peroneal tendon abnormalities on routine magnetic resonance imaging [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with effectiveness of allograft reconstruction vs tenodesis for irreparable peroneus brevis tears [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with use of a Hunter rod for staged reconstruction of peroneal tendons [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with mid-substance peroneal tendon defects augmented with an acellular dermal matrix allograft [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with results of treatment of posterior ankle impingement syndrome and flexor hallucis longus tendinopathy in dancers [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with outcome of lateral transfer of FHL or FDL for concomitant peroneal tendon tears [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with patient-reported outcomes and return to activity after peroneus brevis repair [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with peroneus longus tears associated with pathology of the os peroneum [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with endoscopic repair of posterior ankle impingement syndrome due to os trigonum in soccer players [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with ankle injuries in dancers [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with sliding fibular graft repair for the treatment of recurrent peroneal subluxation [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears can be treated with treatment of peroneal tendon dislocation and coexisting medial and lateral ligamentous laxity in the ankle joint [1].

Clinical Presentation

Acute Tendinitis

  • Patients with acute peroneal tendinitis report swelling and pain in the lateral hindfoot or ankle [4].
  • Physical examination for acute peroneal tendinitis reveals swelling and pain with palpation [4].
  • Physical examination for acute peroneal tendinitis may reveal reduced strength [4].
  • MRI evaluation of acute peroneal tendinitis reveals fluid within the peroneal tendon sheath [4].

Tendon Tears or Ruptures

  • Symptoms of peroneal tendon tears are similar to those of acute tendinitis [4].
  • Physical examination results for peroneal tendon tears are similar to those of acute tendinitis [4].
  • Subluxation or dislocation associated with peroneal tendon tears may be provoked during physical examination with eversion against resistance [4].
  • MRI evaluation of peroneal tendon tears reveals longitudinal tears in the tendon [4].
  • MRI findings of longitudinal peroneal tendon tears can be confused with a peroneus quartus muscle [4].
  • Patients with complete peroneal tendon rupture present with severe limitation of eversion strength [4].

Dislocation or Subluxation

  • Patients with peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation describe a “pop” or snapping sensation [4].
  • Patients with peroneal tendon dislocation or subluxation experience pain and swelling following the initial sensation [4].
  • Physical examination for peroneal tendon dislocation reveals variable pain and swelling depending on the acuteness of the injury [4].
  • Dislocation or subluxation of the peroneal tendons may be elicited during physical examination with ankle rotation [4].
  • Dislocation or subluxation of the peroneal tendons may be elicited during physical examination by forcing the foot from a position of inversion and plantar flexion to a position of eversion and dorsiflexion [4].
  • Radiographs for peroneal tendon dislocation may reveal an avulsion fracture of the distal fibula at the insertion of the superior peroneal retinaculum [4].

Investigations

Imaging

  • Plain radiographs may demonstrate a rim fracture of the lateral aspect of the distal fibula [9].
  • Plain radiographs may demonstrate a retraction or fracture of the os peroneum in cases of acute rupture of the peroneus longus tendon [9].
  • MRI may demonstrate displacement of peroneal tendons anterolateral to the retrofibular region [9].
  • MRI reveals fluid within the peroneal tendon sheath in acute tendinitis [4].
  • MRI reveals longitudinal tears in the tendon, but these can be confused with a peroneus quartus muscle [4].
  • False-positive results showing longitudinal tears are common with MRI [9].
  • Radiographs are usually negative for peroneal tendon subluxation, though a "fleck" of bone may be seen off the posterior distal fibula with a grade 3 injury [11].
  • MRI can be used to identify injury to the superior peroneal retinaculum [11].
  • MRI can be used to identify anomalous structures such as the peroneus quartus or a low-lying peroneal brevis muscle belly [11].
  • Kinematic MRI of the ankle moving from dorsiflexion to plantar flexion has been suggested to be superior to static imaging because the pathologic process is position dependent [11].
  • Ultrasonography has been reported to be effective for dynamically evaluating peroneal tendon subluxation [11].
  • Ultrasound is useful as a dynamic tool to evaluate subluxation/dislocation [9].
  • Dynamic ultrasound imaging has been used for intrasheath instability of peroneal tendons [3].
  • Computed tomography assessment has been used for peroneal tendon displacement and posteromedial structure entrapment in pilon fractures [3].
  • CT analysis has been used for peroneal tendon injuries [2].
  • Ultrasound diagnosis of peroneal tendon tears has been correlated with surgical findings [2].
  • Cadaver correlation of peroneal tendon changes with magnetic resonance imaging has been performed [2].

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination reveals swelling and pain with palpation in acute tendinitis [4].
  • Physical examination may reveal reduced strength in acute tendinitis [4].
  • Subluxation or dislocation may be provoked during examination with eversion against resistance [4].
  • Dislocation or subluxation may be elicited with ankle rotation or with forcing the foot from a position of inversion and plantar flexion to a position of eversion and dorsiflexion [4].
  • Patients may have evidence of apprehension with resistant eversion, which may be relieved with manual stabilization of the peroneal tendons [9].
  • Assessment for intratendinous subluxation is needed during physical examination [9].
  • Tenderness in peroneal tendon subluxation is proximal to the tip of the fibula, whereas in lateral ankle ligament sprain it is distal to the tip of the fibula [11].
  • Swelling in peroneal tendon subluxation is posterolateral, whereas in lateral ankle ligament sprain it is anteroinferior [11].
  • The history for peroneal tendon subluxation includes snapping, whereas for lateral ankle ligament sprain it includes giving way [11].
  • Peroneal tendon subluxation is worse with circumduction, whereas lateral ankle ligament sprain is not [11].
  • Peroneal tendon subluxation is not worse on flexion-inversion, whereas lateral ankle ligament sprain is [11].

Treatment

Non-Operative

  • Chronic peroneal tendinosis or tenosynovitis is initially treated with activity modification, NSAIDs, a lace-up ankle brace, and physical therapy [9].
  • Prolonged immobilization in a cast and oral anti-inflammatory medication are recommended for localized inflammation and tendinitis at the peroneus longus tendon associated with the os peroneum [16].
  • Ultrasound is useful as a dynamic tool to evaluate peroneal tendon subluxation or dislocation [9].

Operative: Tendon Repair and Debridement

  • Tenosynovectomy, débridement, and repair of degenerative tears are indicated for peroneal tendon pathology, usually involving the peroneus brevis [9].
  • Early treatment of longitudinal splits reduces the risk of progression to a full tear [9].
  • Excision and tenodesis are required when there is a complete rupture or a severely degenerative tendon (>50%) that prohibits repair [9].
  • Debridement of the peroneus longus tendon, removal of the os peroneum, and tenodesis of the peroneus longus to the peroneus brevis are indicated for chronic reproducible tenderness in the plantar-lateral aspect of the lateral midfoot despite conservative treatment [16].
  • If the cuboid tunnel is constricted during os peroneum removal, it may be enlarged with a small osteotome and rasp [16].
  • Postoperative care for os peroneum removal involves a non-weight-bearing cast for 4 weeks, followed by protected weight bearing in a walking boot [16].
  • Formal physical therapy is started at 8 weeks after surgery for os peroneum removal [16].

Operative: Subluxation and Dislocation

  • Acute peroneal subluxation or dislocation requires repair or reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) [9].
  • Chronic peroneal subluxation or dislocation requires repair or reconstruction of the SPR and fibular groove deepening [9].
  • Fibular groove deepening is indicated if there is a shallow fibular groove [9].
  • Peroneal retinacular repair is indicated if there is evidence of tendon subluxation [9].
  • Assessment for intratendinous subluxation is needed during evaluation for peroneal tendon disorders [9].
  • Patients may exhibit apprehension with resistant eversion, which may be relieved with manual stabilization of the peroneal tendons [9].

Operative: Reconstruction and Transfer

  • More than 50% degeneration of both the peroneus longus and brevis requires excision of both tendons [9].
  • Good results are reported with lateral transfer of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) or flexor digitorum longus (FDL) for concomitant peroneal tendon tears [9].
  • Allograft reconstruction may be used if peroneal muscles demonstrate adequate excursion at the time of surgery with minimal atrophic change to the muscle [9].
  • In younger, more active patient populations, allograft reconstruction can be considered for peroneal tendon disorders [9].
  • If there is no viability of the proximal musculature, a tendon transfer of the FHL is a salvage operation that can restore some active function without expectation of normal function [9].
  • Tendon transfer is typically directed to the fifth metatarsal [9].

Operative: Adjunctive Procedures

  • A Dwyer osteotomy (lateral closed-wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus) is used for hindfoot varus to limit the risk of recurrent tears and continued pain [9].

Complications

  • Recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons is a recognized complication treated with retinaculum repair, with or without fibular groove deepening [1].
  • Peroneal tendon tears may require debridement and primary repair [1].
  • Severe concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tendon tears may be treated with single-stage flexor tendon transfer [1].
  • Peroneal tendon instability can be treated with tendoscopic repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum via 2 portals [1].
  • Allograft reconstruction is an operative option for peroneal tendons [1].
  • Allograft reconstruction and tenodesis are compared as treatments for irreparable peroneus brevis tears [1].
  • Staged reconstruction of peroneal tendons can utilize a Hunter rod [1].
  • Mid-substance peroneal tendon defects can be augmented with an acellular dermal matrix allograft [1].
  • Lateral transfer of FHL or FDL is an option for concomitant peroneal tendon tears [1].
  • Sliding fibular graft repair is a treatment for recurrent peroneal subluxation [1].

References

[1] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. MULTIPLE Z-PLASTY RELEASE OF A CONGENITAL RING > PERONEAL TENDONS.

[2] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. MULTIPLE Z-PLASTY RELEASE OF A CONGENITAL RING > DISORDERS OF TENDONS > PERONEAL TENDONS.

[3] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. ACHILLES TENDON AUGMENTATION OF SUPERIOR PERONEAL RETINACULUM REPAIR > DISPLACEMENT OF PERONEAL TENDONS.

[4] Aaos Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 3. Tendon Disorders of the Foot and Ankle > III. Disorders of the Peroneal Tendons.

[9] Miller S Review Of Orthopaedics. PERONEAL TENDONS.

[11] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. SUTURE ANCHOR REPAIR OF PATELLAR TENDON RUPTURE > REPAIR OF THE SUPERIOR PERONEAL RETINACULUM > FIBULAR GROOVE DEEPENING WITH TISSUE TRANSFER (PERIOSTEAL FLAP) FOR RECURRENT PERONEAL TENDON DISLOCATION.

[14] Orthopaedic Knowledge Update. Ankle Injuries* > Peroneal Tendon Injuries.

[16] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. MULTIPLE Z-PLASTY RELEASE OF A CONGENITAL RING > DISTAL PERONEAL LONGUS TENDINITIS ASSOCIATED WITH OS PERONEUM: THE PAINFUL OS PERONEUM SYNDROME.

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