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钩骨及腕掌关节骨折脱位固定术

Updated Sep 2026
Illustration: hand

本页面由机器翻译,尚未经临床医生审核。英文版本为权威版本。

为何建议进行此手术

Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton 的上肢外科医生 Kieran Hirpara 医生会根据您的具体损伤来选择治疗方案。患者通常由全科医生转诊至我们的诊所;如果物理治疗师建议您来就诊,您仍需获得全科医生的转诊才能符合 Medicare 报销资格。在诊所,我们会通过您的病史、体格检查和影像检查来明确诊断。

这项手术是将骨折的钩骨以及您手指根部的关节对齐,并在愈合期间将它们固定在原位。通常在骨头已经移位,或手指关节不稳定时进行。有些损伤如果发现得早,而且关节能够复位并保持在原位,可以不做手术治疗。如果关节无法保持在原位,或者损伤更加严重,则会建议手术。对于这类损伤,手术的目的是防止永久性畸形和手部功能丧失。大多数接受这项手术的人都能恢复良好的手部活动能力和力量。我们会与您讨论各种方案,并共同决定适合您损伤的治疗。

术前

术前您需要做一些影像检查,例如X光、核磁共振(MRI)或超声。这些检查能显示骨头在哪里断裂,以及手指关节是否移位,有助于规划手术。请携带您目前所用药物的清单来就诊。有些药物可能需要在术前暂停,您的外科医生会告诉您是哪些药物以及暂停多长时间。请在手术前七小时停止进食和饮水,这样如果手术排期提前,您的手术时间也可以相应提前;您的外科医生会给您关于禁食和饮水的具体指导。请安排他人在术后开车送您回家,并穿着宽松舒适的衣服。如果您有其他疾病,可能需要进行血液检查或由麻醉医生(负责实施麻醉的医生)进行评估。

手术当天

手术当天,您需要到医院的手术入院单元报到。您将在那里办理入院手续并做好进入手术室的准备。然后您会见到麻醉医生,也就是负责实施麻醉的医生。这项手术在全身麻醉下进行。手术期间您将完全处于睡眠状态。部分患者可能还会接受区域神经阻滞以缓解术后疼痛;麻醉医生会根据您的个人情况在当天决定。

之后,您会被送入手术室进行手术。手术结束后,您会在复苏区醒来。在麻醉消退期间,护士会在那里照看您。待您情况稳定后,您将转入病房或回家。具体是哪一种,取决于手术类型以及您的恢复情况。

手术内容

您的外科医生可以用两种方式进行这项手术,具体选择取决于您的损伤。如果不切开皮肤就能将骨折块对齐,您的外科医生会通过小的穿刺切口进行操作。骨头会被引导回原位,并用细钢针(有时是螺钉)经这些小切口穿入加以固定。如果需要直视骨折块并将其拼合复位,您的外科医生则会在骨折处上方做一个切口。当骨折累及关节、骨头碎成几块,或骨折块无法自行对齐时,就会采用这种切开的方式。

一旦您的外科医生能够到达损伤部位,就会将骨头复位到正确的位置。您的无名指和小指的根部会与钩骨(它们通常所依靠的那块腕骨)对齐。然后,细钢针会穿过关节,在愈合期间保持一切稳定。这些钢针会保留数周,之后再取出。如果钩骨本身断裂成较大的骨块,可能会使用小螺钉将其固定在一起。偶尔还需要一块小钢板。您的外科医生会选择适合您具体骨折的组合方式。

当骨头已经对齐并牢固固定后,您的外科医生会在结束前检查位置。然后用缝线关闭切口。上面覆盖敷料,您需要保留这块敷料约10天。在与您一起规划康复时,您的外科医生会解释钢针如何取出以及何时取出。

术后

您会在复苏病房醒来,在麻醉消退期间,护士会照看您。您的手会用夹板固定,伤口上有敷料,我们会给您止痛药让您感觉舒适。一旦您感觉站稳了,就可以起身走动;需要愈合的是您的手,所以走路没有问题。回家后,最初的24小时内应有人陪伴您。这项手术后,您可能当天回家,也可能在医院住一晚。这两种情况都很常见,您的医疗团队会与您讨论哪一种适合您。我们会保留敷料约10天;除非我们告诉您,否则请不要在此之前将其取下。我们会在复诊时为您更换或拆除敷料。

恢复

最初几天,您的手会疼痛和肿胀。这会逐渐缓解。将手抬高放在枕头上(即使在夜间也是如此)有助于消肿。我们给您的止痛药会让您在这段时间内保持舒适。

您的手将佩戴由您的手部治疗师——Extend Rehabilitation 的 Ruby Doolan——制作的夹板。夹板拆除后,她还会指导您进行锻炼。在佩戴夹板期间您不应驾驶,因为它会妨碍您安全地握住方向盘。一旦拆除夹板并获得外科医生许可,您就可以再次驾驶。我们关于上肢手术后驾驶的页面对此有更详细的说明。

在家中,一旦您感觉站稳了,就可以做大多数轻松的日常事务。从早期开始走路就没有问题。在您的治疗师告诉您安全之前,您需要避免提举重物以及任何会给正在愈合的手带来负担的动作。随着肿胀消退和活动能力恢复,您将开始进行轻柔的锻炼,以放松手指和手腕。随着骨头愈合,握力会逐渐增强。

大多数人会注意到随着时间推移病情稳步改善。一旦您能够抓握而不感到疼痛,就可以进行更多的活动,而较重的工作和体育运动则要在恢复后期才能进行。每个人的恢复情况不同,因此您的时间表可能会有所不同。您的外科医生和手部治疗师会在每个阶段为您提供指导,并告诉您接下来可以安全地做些什么。

可能出现的并发症

大多数患者恢复良好,但偶尔也可能出现问题。您的外科医生和医疗团队会密切监测您的情况,以便尽早发现任何问题。

有时,手指根部的关节在术后可能会再次部分滑脱。您可能会注意到有咔嗒声或摩擦感、手指根部的形状发生变化,或者已经开始缓解的疼痛又复发了。如果您有这种感觉,请致电诊所,而不要等到下一次复诊。

关节也可能一直处于脱位状态,但在常规X光片上显示得并不清楚。如果术后您的手指一直感觉不稳定或疼痛,请告诉您的外科医生。可能需要进一步的影像检查来查找原因。

对于这类损伤,时机很重要。如果治疗被延误,关节就更难固定在原位,效果也可能不那么好。如果您的损伤已经发生了一段时间,而您还没有看过外科医生,请在就诊时提及这一点,以便在规划时加以考虑。

如果您注意到上述任何变化,请联系诊所。如果疼痛剧烈,或者手部变得发热、发红或肿胀越来越严重,请前往急诊科寻求紧急救治。对于不太紧急的情况,请在下一次复诊时提出,以便进行适当的检查。

如果您想了解具体数据,本页面上的并发症表格列出了典型的发生率。

何时联系我们

如果您发烧,或者伤口变红、发热或开始渗液,请致电我们。如果疼痛突然加重,或者您的手的颜色或感觉发生变化,请致电我们。如果您无法活动手指,或者您的手变得麻木、非常肿胀或非常疼痛,请前往急诊科。如果您出现小腿肿胀或呼吸急促,请前往急诊科。这些可能是血栓的迹象。如果您不确定,请致电诊所。我们宁愿您早点联系我们,而不是太晚。


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