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Neuroma de Morton

Updated Sep 2026
Illustration: foot

Esta página foi traduzida automaticamente e ainda não foi verificada por um médico. A versão em inglês é a versão oficial.

O que você está sentindo

A dor localiza-se na parte anterior do pé, geralmente no espaço entre o terceiro e o quarto dedos. Ela surge quando um nervo nessa região se torna espesso e irritado. Esse nervo possui uma estrutura diferente dos nervos entre os demais dedos: é mais grosso e fixado com mais firmeza, o que o torna suscetível a compressão e estiramento durante a caminhada.

A dor é sentida na parte inferior do pé, na base dos dedos. Você pode descrevê-la como uma dor ardente ou como uma sensação de algo pontiagudo na região anterior do pé. Ficar em pé e caminhar exercem pressão sobre essa área sensível, fazendo com que os sintomas se intensifiquem ao longo do dia. Empurrar o corpo para frente ao dar um passo pode piorar a dor; tirar o peso do pé, por outro lado, geralmente a alivia.

Algumas pessoas percebem a dor principalmente ao se movimentarem, e não à noite ou ao acordar. Os episódios de dor tendem a ocorrer após atividades físicas, quando o nervo é repetidamente comprimido.

No dia a dia, essa área sensível manifesta-se de diversas formas: caminhar pelo supermercado, ficar em pé na cozinha ou subir escadas podem pressionar o nervo. Os sapatos também influenciam: calçados estreitos ou apertados comprimem os ossos da parte anterior do pé e pressionam o nervo; por isso, muitas pessoas acabam afrouxando os cadarços ou tirando os sapatos debaixo da mesa. Algumas sentem necessidade de parar no meio do caminho, sentar-se e tirar o sapato para massagear a área dolorida.

Se isso descreve o que você sente no pé, existem maneiras de aliviar o desconforto. Primeiro, são tentados tratamentos simples e não cirúrgicos; a cirurgia é considerada apenas quando esses métodos não surtem efeito.

O que realmente está acontecendo

Entre os ossos dos dedos dos pés, bem no antepé, existe um pequeno nervo. O nervo localizado entre o terceiro e o quarto dedos difere dos demais: é mais grosso e fica mais firmemente preso no lugar. Dois ramos nervosos se unem exatamente ali antes de seguir em direção aos dedos. Esse ponto de união fica logo abaixo de uma forte faixa de tecido que mantém os ossos do pé unidos.

Ao caminhar, o peso do corpo comprime os ossos do antepé uns contra os outros. O nervo acaba sendo comprimido entre eles, repetidamente. Como está bem preso e não consegue se deslocar, ele absorve toda essa pressão em vez de se mover livremente. Imagine uma mangueira de jardim presa sob um capacho pesado: a cada passo, ela é comprimida, e com o tempo acaba se alterando. O nervo reage da mesma forma: torna-se mais grosso e irritado, e esse nervo espessado é o ponto doloroso que você sente.

Os sintomas descritos acima são consequência direta disso. A pressão sobre o nervo provoca aquela dor ardente no antepé. O aperto causado por sapatos justos comprime ainda mais os ossos, motivo pelo qual calçados estreitos pioram os sintomas. Quando você retira o peso do pé, a compressão cessa, e a dor diminui ao sentar ou ao tirar o sapato.

Não existe um sistema de classificação para essa condição, nem exames que a dividam em formas leves ou graves. O que importa é o grau de interferência na sua vida diária. Primeiro, são indicados tratamentos simples e não cirúrgicos, que funcionam para muitas pessoas. A cirurgia é considerada apenas quando esses tratamentos não surtem efeito. A operação habitual consiste na remoção do próprio nervo espessado. A maioria das pessoas que precisam de uma segunda cirurgia, pois a dor retornou, obtém alívio real; 67% delas alcançam alívio completo ou melhora significativa.

O que podemos fazer a respeito

As radiografias com carga podem descartar outras causas de dor na região anterior do pé, como fraturas por estresse. A ultrassonografia também é uma opção, e a ressonância magnética ajuda a distinguir um neuroma de outras causas de dor nessa região, como cistos ou inflamação da membrana articular.

As primeiras medidas que testamos são aquelas que você mesmo pode fazer. Um acolchoamento macio colocado sob a região anterior do pé alivia a pressão sobre o local dolorido e diminui os sintomas. Optar por calçados mais largos e reduzir o tempo em pé durante o dia também ajuda, pelo mesmo motivo. A fisioterapia visa diminuir a irritação e promover uma distribuição mais uniforme da carga no pé. Normalmente, pedimos que você experimente essas medidas simples antes de avançarmos para outras opções.

Caso o autocuidado não tenha resolvido o problema, podemos oferecer uma injeção. O uso da ultrassonografia para guiar a agulha garante que a cortisona seja aplicada exatamente onde se encontra o nervo. A cortisona é um potente anti-inflamatório que reduz a irritação ao redor do nervo. Injeções de cortisona realizadas dessa forma apresentam melhores resultados quanto à dor e à função do que injeções de ácido hialurônico, substância lubrificante às vezes utilizada em problemas do pé. Algumas pessoas sentem alívio duradouro; outras, porém, percebem que a dor retorna com o tempo.

A cirurgia é considerada quando esses tratamentos não proporcionam melhoria suficiente. A operação habitual consiste na remoção do nervo engrossado por meio de uma pequena incisão na parte superior do pé. Outra opção é remodelar os ossos da região anterior do pé para que a pressão seja distribuída de forma mais uniforme ao caminhar; esse procedimento também pode ser feito por pequenas incisões, com baixo índice de complicações. Conversaremos sobre qual alternativa se adequa ao seu pé e aos seus objetivos, e decidiremos juntos o próximo passo.

O que esperar

O neuroma de Morton raramente desaparece por conta própria, mas não precisa dominar a sua vida. Na maioria das pessoas, o padrão é de piora e melhora: a dor aumenta ao longo de um dia em pé e diminui ao sentar ou ao tirar os sapatos. Se não for tratado, tende a reaparecer, sobretudo se o calçado e as atividades que pressionam o nervo permanecerem os mesmos.

Primeiro são testados tratamentos simples e não cirúrgicos, que funcionam para muitas pessoas. Trocar de sapatos, usar uma almofada sob a parte anterior do pé, reduzir o tempo em pé durante o dia e fazer fisioterapia visam aliviar a pressão sobre o nervo. Caso essas medidas não surtam efeito, uma injeção de cortisona pode diminuir a irritação. Algumas pessoas sentem alívio duradouro; outras percebem que a dor volta com o tempo. Não existe um prazo definido para a duração dos sintomas; o importante é avaliar até que ponto a área dolorida interfere na sua rotina.

A cirurgia é considerada somente quando esses tratamentos não trouxerem melhoria suficiente. A operação habitual consiste na remoção do próprio nervo engrossado; a maioria das pessoas que precisam de uma segunda cirurgia por causa do retorno da dor obtém alívio real com esse procedimento. Os resultados relatados pelos pacientes após a remoção de um neuroma sintomático são aceitáveis, embora nem sempre tão bons quanto indicavam relatos anteriores; portanto, é razoável ter expectativas moderadas, em vez de esperar uma solução perfeita.

Há alguns pontos importantes a considerar. A remoção do nervo pode deixar uma área dormente entre os dedos afetados; em algumas pessoas, pode surgir um ponto sensível no local onde o nervo foi cortado. Operações que remodelam os ossos da parte anterior do pé podem transferir carga extra para os dedos vizinhos, provocando dor neles. Por esses motivos, o cirurgião avaliará cuidadosamente qual procedimento se adapta melhor ao seu pé, e só optará pela cirurgia após testar devidamente os tratamentos menos invasivos.

Quando procurar ajuda médica

Consulte o seu médico de família se sentir uma dor ardente na parte anterior do pé que reaparece com frequência, especialmente se piorar após caminhar ou ficar em pé e melhorar ao sentar-se ou ao tirar os sapatos. Solicite uma avaliação por um especialista caso medidas simples, como usar calçados mais largos, colocar uma almofada sob a parte anterior do pé ou fazer fisioterapia, não tenham surtido efeito após um período razoável; ou se a dor estiver impedindo-o de realizar seu trabalho ou atividades diárias normalmente. Esta condição não é perigosa, nem constitui uma emergência. Contudo, quanto mais cedo a pressão sobre o nervo for aliviada, maiores serão as chances de evitar uma cirurgia no futuro.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

Plantar Nerve Anatomy

  • The tibial nerve divides into three terminal branches before reaching the foot: the medial calcaneal nerve, lateral plantar nerve, and medial plantar nerve [3].
  • The medial plantar nerve innervates the abductor hallucis and continues under the abductor and plantar fascia to form common digital nerves terminating in the first, second, and third web spaces [3].
  • The medial plantar nerve provides motor branches to the interossei and lumbricals [3].
  • The lateral plantar nerve passes deep to the abductor fascia and plantar fascia, over the quadratus plantae, and continues distally under the flexor digitorum brevis [3].
  • The lateral plantar nerve terminates in the fourth web space and supplies a branch to the third web space [3].
  • The lateral plantar nerve supplies motor branches to the intrinsic muscles of the foot [3].
  • The medial calcaneal nerve branches first from the tibial nerve and travels posteriorly to the subcutaneous tissue [3].
  • The plantar surface of the foot is innervated by the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve [4].

Forefoot Neurovascular Anatomy

  • The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery that passes deep under the inferior extensor retinaculum [4].
  • The dorsalis pedis artery lies between the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus medially and the extensor digitorum longus laterally as it passes anterior to the ankle joint [4].
  • The deep peroneal nerve lies immediately lateral to the dorsalis pedis artery [4].
  • The arcuate artery arises in the region of the bases of the metatarsals and passes laterally [4].
  • The second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries arise from the arcuate artery and descend to the dorsal surfaces of the respective dorsal interosseous muscles [4].
  • The first dorsal metatarsal artery is the continuation of the dorsalis pedis artery and runs distally on the dorsal surface of the first dorsal interosseous muscle [4].
  • The first dorsal metatarsal artery supplies branches to the dorsal skin, the first and second metatarsals, and the interosseous muscles [4].
  • The deep plantar artery leaves the dorsalis pedis at the base of the first metatarsal and passes toward the plantar surface of the foot between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle [4].
  • The deep plantar artery communicates with the lateral plantar artery to complete the plantar arterial arch [4].
  • The first plantar metatarsal artery is the continuation of the deep plantar artery and passes distally in the first interosseous space [4].
  • The first dorsal metatarsal artery may lie superficial to or within the substance of the first dorsal interosseous muscle in 78% to 88% of feet [4].
  • The first dorsal metatarsal artery may lie plantar to the first metatarsal in 12% to 22% of feet [4].
  • The dorsal surfaces of the toes and foot receive sensory innervation through the superficial peroneal nerve branches [4].
  • The first web space is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve [4].

Foot Compartments

  • The interosseous compartment of the foot lies dorsal to the medial, lateral, and central compartments between the metatarsals [9].
  • The interosseous compartment contains digital nerves [9].
  • Manoli and Weber demonstrated that each of the four interosseous muscles and the adductor hallucis lies in separate compartments [9].
  • The barrier between the superficial and calcaneal compartments of the foot becomes incompetent at a pressure of 10 mm Hg [9].

Tarsal Tunnel Anatomy

  • The tarsal tunnel is a fibroosseous tunnel within the posteromedial ankle and hindfoot [3].
  • The tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, accompanying veins, posterior tibial tendon, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus tendons pass through the tarsal tunnel into the foot [3].
  • The flexor retinaculum acts as the roof of the tarsal tunnel and extends from the medial malleolus to the medial side of the calcaneal tuberosity [3].
  • The medial distal tibia, talus, and calcaneus make up the floor of the tarsal tunnel [3].
  • Septa projecting from the fibrous roof to the calcaneus separate the posterior tibial, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus tendons [3].
  • The tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, and accompanying veins pass between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus tendons to enter the foot [3].
  • The tibial nerve typically branches within the tarsal tunnel just proximal and deep to the upper edge of the abductor hallucis muscle [3].

Investigations

Clinical Examination

  • The diagnosis of interdigital neuroma is usually made by conducting a careful history and physical examination [14].
  • Plantar foot pain just distal to and between the metatarsal heads, often described as “burning,” is characteristic of interdigital neuroma [14].
  • Patients with interdigital neuroma often feel as if they are walking on a marble [14].
  • Symptoms of interdigital neuroma are typically aggravated by activity or by wearing shoes with high heels or a narrow toe box [14].
  • Patients with interdigital neuroma often note that they feel better in their bare feet and get quick relief by removing their shoes [14].
  • The Mulder sign is elicited by squeezing the foot while palpating the web space [14].
  • A painful click during the Mulder sign is diagnostic of an interdigital neuroma [14].
  • Neuromas rarely occur in the first and fourth web spaces, so for pain that occurs in these areas, other causes of forefoot pain should be considered [14].
  • The involved ray should be evaluated for metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint instability, especially if the second web space is symptomatic [14].

Imaging

  • Weight-bearing radiographs are useful for excluding a stress fracture of the metatarsal neck in the evaluation of interdigital neuroma [14].
  • Ultrasonography has been reported to be 85% accurate in diagnosing interdigital neuroma [14].
  • MRI may be useful in the diagnosis of interdigital neuroma, and the administration of contrast medium may increase its accuracy [14].
  • Interdigital or Morton neuroma is most frequently found in the distal third metatarsal interspace [20].
  • Unlike most other tumors, interdigital or Morton neuroma lacks increased signal on T2-weighted MRI sequences [20].
  • MRI can be useful in the diagnosis of metatarsalgia, such as distinguishing among a neuroma, cyst, bursa, or synovitis [18].

Diagnostic Injection

  • Injection of the involved web space with local anesthetic that results in relief of the neuritic symptoms is diagnostic of interdigital neuroma [14].
  • Injections performed under ultrasound guidance had higher short-term relief compared with blind injections for interdigital neuroma [14].

References

[3] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. COMBINED HAMMER TOE AND MALLET TOE DEFORMITY WITH ASSOCIATED DOUBLE CORNS > TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.

[4] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. RESULTS OF SUTURE OF THE SCIATIC NERVE > NEUROVASCULAR ANATOMY.

[9] Rockwood And Green S Fractures In Adults. Effect of Blast on the Musculoskeletal System > Foot.

[14] Aaos Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review 3. Neurologic Disorders of the Foot and Ankle > II. Interdigital Neuroma.

[18] A Lange Medical Book Current Diagnosis Treatment In Orthopedics Fifth Edition. 8Foot and Ankle Surgery > METATARSALGIA.

[20] Campbell S Operative Orthopaedics 4 Volume Set. OTHER DISORDERS OF FOOT AND ANKLE.

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