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Pag-iwas sa Pagkahulog at mga Fragility Fracture

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A wrist or shoulder broken in a simple fall is often the first sign of thinning bone — treating the bone and preventing the next fall.

Isang nakatatanda na nagbabalanse gamit ang kamay sa isang grab rail.
Pananatiling matatag — ang mga handrail, maayos na pag-iilaw, at mga ehersisyo sa balanse ay nakatutulong upang maiwasan ang mga pagkahulog na nagiging sanhi ng mga fragility fracture. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Kung ikaw ay isang nakatatanda at nabalian ka ng buto sa isang simpleng pagkahulog (pagkatisod sa alpombra, pagkatisod sa hardin, pagkadulas habang bumabangon mula sa upuan), ang pinsalang iyon ay may mahalagang mensaheng ipinapaabot sa iyo. Ang butong nababali mula sa isang maliit na pagkahulog ay madalas na unang palatandaan na ang buto ay tahimik na naging mas mahina kaysa sa dapat nito. Ang mabuting balita ay isa ito sa mga babalang may pinakamalinaw na solusyon sa medisina: mayroong malinaw na plano upang palakasin ang buto at pigilan ang susunod na pagkahulog bago pa ito mangyari. Ipinapaliwanag ng pahinang ito kung ano ang fragility fracture, kung bakit ito mahalaga, at ang mga praktikal na bagay na tunay na epektibo.

Ano ang isang "fragility fracture"?

Ang fragility fracture ay isang buto na nababali mula sa isang low-energy fall, isang pagkahulog mula sa taas ng pagkakatayo o mas mababa pa, ang uri ng impact na karaniwang hindi nakakapinsala sa isang malusog at mas batang skeleton. Kapag ang isang buto ay nababali mula sa napakaliit na puwersa, ito ay karaniwang dahil ang buto mismo ay numipis at humina, isang kondisyon na tinatawag na osteoporosis. Ang pagkahulog ang trigger; ang mahinang buto ang dahilan.

Sa upper limb, ang dalawang pinakakaraniwang fragility fracture ay ang bali sa pulso (isang fracture ng distal radius, ang buto sa forearm sa itaas lang ng pulso) at ang bali sa balikat (isang fracture ng proximal humerus, ang itaas na bahagi ng buto sa braso). Pareho itong nangyayari sa parehong paraan (itinatukod ang kamay upang mapigilan ang pagkahulog, o lumapag sa dulo ng balikat), at pareho itong madalas na unang babala na numipis na ang mga buto. Maraming tao ang walang anumang sintomas ng osteoporosis hanggang sa ang isang maliit na pagkahulog ay magdulot ng fracture na, sa X-ray, ay mukhang mas malala kaysa sa dapat na idinulot ng pagkahulog.

Bakit mahalagang aksyunan ang isang solong bali ng buto

Ito ang bahaging nakakagulat sa karamihan ng mga tao: kapag nagkaroon ka na ng isang fragility fracture, ang panganib na magkaroon muli ng isa pa (kabilang ang mas seryosong bali sa balakang o spine) ay humigit-kumulang nadodoble. Ang bali sa pulso sa iyong edad na animnapu o pitumpu ay hindi lamang isang pulso na lalagyan ng plaster at kakalimutan; ito ay isang maaga at nakikitang babala para sa isang problema na, kung hindi aaksyunan, ay maaaring magdulot kalaunan ng hip fracture, isang pinsalang mas mahirap pagalingin.

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit itinuturing namin ang fragility fracture bilang hudyat upang kumilos sa dalawang aspeto nang sabay. Ang paggamot lamang sa bali ng buto ay inaayos ang problema ngayon ngunit hinahayaang hindi nababago ang panganib para sa kinabukasan. Ang dalawang tungkulin ay: patatagin ang buto, at iwasan ang susunod na pagkadapa.

Unang bahagi: patatagin ang buto

Ang unang hakbang ay alamin kung gaano talaga katatag (o kahina) ang iyong mga buto, at pagkatapos ay gumawa ng kaukulang aksyon.

  • Ipa-assess ang mga buto. Ang standard na pagsusuri ay ang DEXA scan, isang walang sakit at low-dose na X-ray (karaniwan sa balakang at spine) na sumusukat sa iyong bone density. Sinasabi nito sa amin kung ikaw ay may osteoporosis at kung gaano ito kalala.
  • Itama ang vitamin D at calcium. Ang buto ay nabubuo mula sa calcium, at hindi maayos na naa-absorb ng iyong katawan ang calcium kung walang sapat na vitamin D. Maraming nakatatanda ang mababa ang vitamin D nang hindi nila nalalaman. Ang isang simpleng blood test at, kung kinakailangan, isang supplement ay maaaring magtama nito, isa sa mga pinakamadaling pundasyon na dapat ihanda.
  • Isaalang-alang ang mga gamot na nagpoprotekta sa buto. Kung mababa ang bone density, may mga napatunayang gamot na nagpapabagal sa pagkawala ng buto o aktibong muling bumubuo ng buto, na makabuluhang nagbabawas sa pagkakataon ng susunod na fracture. Kung may angkop na gamot para sa iyo ay isang bagay na dapat pag-usapan kasama ang iyong GP o espesyalista.

Maraming ospital ngayon ang nagpapatakbo ng fracture liaison service, isang team na ang buong tungkulin ay bantayan ang mga tao pagkatapos ng isang fragility fracture at tiyaking aktwal na nangyayari ang bone-health assessment na ito, sa halip na makaligtaan habang ang lahat ay nakatuon sa cast. Kung mayroon nito sa iyong lugar, napakahalagang ma-refer ka rito. (Para sa karagdagang detalye tungkol sa bone density, osteoporosis at ang mga gamot na kasangkot, tingnan ang kasamang pahina ng bone health and osteoporosis.)

Front two: iwasan ang susunod na pagkahulog

Ang pagpapalakas ng buto ay nagpapababa sa pinsalang dulot ng pagkahulog. Ang pag-iwas sa pagkahulog ay ganap na nag-aalis sa trigger nito. Karamihan sa mga pagkahulog ay talaga namang maiiwasan. Ang mga pinakamabisang paraan ay nakakagulat na simple lamang.

  • Tugunan ang mga panganib sa bahay. Dito madalas nangyayari ang maraming pagkahulog. Alisin o i-secure ang mga maluwag na rug at nakalaylay na mga kable, linisin ang mga kalat sa mga daanan at hagdan, pagbutihin ang pag-iilaw (lalo na sa mga hagdan at sa ruta patungo sa banyo sa gabi), at magkabit ng mga handrail sa hagdan at grab rail sa banyo. Ang isang night light sa pagitan ng kama at ng toilet ay nakakaiwas sa napakaraming pagkahulog.
  • Magsuot ng maayos na sapatos. Ang mga sapatos na tama ang sukat, hindi madulas, patag, at may secure na panara ay mas mabuti kaysa sa mga tsinelas, maluwag na scuffs, o paglalakad nang naka-medyas lamang. Ang sakit sa paa at maling pagpili ng sapatos ay tahimik na nagpapahina sa iyong balanse.
  • Ipa-check ang iyong mga mata. Ipa-test ang iyong paningin at i-update ang iyong mga salamin. Kung gumagamit ka ng bifocals o varifocals, tandaan na maaari nilang palabuin ang mga gilid ng mga baitang; ang isang hiwalay na pares para sa hagdan at paglalakad sa labas ay nakatutulong kung minsan.
  • Ipa-review ang iyong mga gamot. Ang ilang mga gamot ay nagdudulot ng pagkaantok, pagkahilo, o pagbaba ng blood pressure kapag ikaw ay tumatayo, at tumataas ang panganib ng pagkahulog kapag umiinom ka ng marami sa mga ito. Ang isang pharmacist o GP ay maaaring mag-review ng listahan at pasimplehin o i-adjust ang mga nakakaambag dito.
  • Pamahalaan ang pagkahilo at blood pressure kapag tumatayo. Kung nakakaramdam ka ng pagkahilo kapag bumabangon mula sa pag-upo o paghiga, banggitin ito; madalas itong nagagamot. Ang dahan-dahang pagtayo at paghinto sandali bago maglakad ay isang simpleng gawi na nakatutulong.
  • Magsagawa ng strength at balance exercise: ang pinakamabisang hakbang sa lahat. Sa lahat ng nasa listahang ito, ang mga programa na nagpapalakas ng binti at balanse ang may pinakamahusay na ebidensya sa aktwal na pagbabawas ng mga pagkahulog. Ang mga approach tulad ng tai chi at structured strength-and-balance classes (maaari kang ituro ng iyong physiotherapist o GP sa isang lokal na klase) ay nagpapanatili sa iyong katatagan sa pagtayo at, bilang bonus, pinapanatiling may load at malusog ang mga buto. Ang pananatiling aktibo ay protektibo, hindi mapanganib.

Ang mga pagkahulog ay hindi lamang "bahagi ng pagtanda"

Madaling isipin na ang pagkahulog ay simpleng nangyayari habang tumatanda ka, at simulan ang paglimita sa iyong buhay upang maiwasan ito: mas madalang lumabas, mas kaunti ang ginagawa, mas kaunti ang paggalaw. Ang instinkt na iyon ay tahimik na nagpapalala sa mga bagay-bagay, dahil habang mas kaunti ang iyong paggalaw, mas humihina at mas nawawalan ka ng balanse. Ang mga pagkahulog ay hindi isang hindi maiiwasang bahagi ng pagtanda, at ang malaking karamihan ay maiiwasan sa pamamagitan ng mga praktikal na hakbang sa itaas. Ang layunin ay hindi ang protektahan ang iyong sarili nang labis; ito ay upang manatiling malakas, matatag at may sapat na kumpyansa upang patuloy na gawin ang mga bagay na iyong kinagigiliwan.

Kailan dapat magpasuri o humingi ng tulong

  • Pagkatapos ng anumang fragility fracture, itanong sa iyong GP o surgical team ang tungkol sa isang bone-health assessment (isang DEXA scan at pagsusuri ng vitamin D, calcium at kung ang gamot na pang-protekta sa buto ay tama para sa iyo). Huwag hayaang matapos ang usapan sa cast lamang.
  • Kumonsulta sa iyong GP kung ikaw ay paulit-ulit na natutumba, nakararamdam ng kawalan ng balanse sa iyong mga paa, o nahihilo o nagdidilim ang paningin: lalo na kapag tumatayo. Ito mismo ang mga bagay na maaaring masuri at mapabuti.
  • Kung ikaw ay natumba at nag-aalala na may nabali ka (biglaang sakit, pamamaga, isang halatang deformity, o hindi mo magamit ang limb): ipasuri ito agad.

Ang pagkilos sa dalawang aspetong ito nang magkasabay (mas matibay na buto at mas kaunting pagtumba) ang pinaka-epektibong bagay na maaari mong gawin upang matiyak na ang unang fragility fracture ay siya na ring huli.


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