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Baliktad na Arthroplasty ng Balikat

Phase-by-phase rehabilitation protocol after reverse shoulder replacement, including dislocation precautions and the early exercise program.

Updated Jun 2026
Illustrasyon ng implanto para sa reverse shoulder replacement: isang metal na bola sa itaas ng baseplate na may turnilyo, at isang cupped stem sa ilalim.
Ang reverse shoulder replacement, kung saan ang bola ay nasa shoulder blade at ang cup ay nasa braso. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang protocol na ito ay gabay sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng reverse shoulder arthroplasty (reverse shoulder replacement) kay Dr. Kieran Hirpara sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Ang bawat yugto sa ibaba ay nagsisimula sa isang paliwanag sa simpleng wikang Ingles tungkol sa nangyayari at sa pinakamahalaga, sinundan ng istrukturadong protocol na nakasulat para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta: dalhin ang pahinang ito o ang PDF nito sa iyong unang bisita sa pisyoterapiya upang manatiling koordinado ang iyong rehabilitasyon. Maaaring baguhin ng iyong pisyoterapeuta ang plano depende sa pag-unlad ng iyong paggaling.

Kung mayroon kang anumang alalahanin tungkol sa iyong sugat pagkatapos ng operasyon, makipag-ugnayan sa mga kwarto. Karaniwang makakatulong na kumuha ng litrato ng sugat at ipadala ito sa pamamagitan ng email para sa pagsusuri.

Ano ang inaasahan

Magkakaroon ka ng pamamanhid sa iyong braso kapag gumising ka, at ang pakiramdam ay dapat simulan nang bumalik pagkatapos ng humigit-kumulang 24 na oras. Maaaring magkaroon ka ng ilang pamamanhid o kahinaan hanggang sa isang linggo.

Kapag gumising ka mula sa iyong operasyon, ikaw ay nasa sling, na may malaking pad sa iyong balikat. Ang pad na ito ay tatanggalin bago ka i-discharge. Sa ilalim nito ay may waterproof dressing na sumasaklaw sa isang surgical glue strip, na maaaring iwan nang hindi ginagamit sa loob ng 2 linggo. Ang iyong mga tahi ay dissolvable at hindi na kailangang tanggalin, ngunit maaaring may mga dulo ng tahi sa bawat dulo ng sugat na maaaring putulin nang magkasama sa balikat pagkatapos ng 2 linggo. I-book ka para makita ang aming nurse para sa wound check 1–2 linggo pagkatapos ng iyong operasyon. Kung hindi ka makapag-attend sa dressing check, maaari mong tanggalin ang iyong dressing mismo pagkatapos ng 2 linggo.

Tinatayang mga timeframe para sa pagbabalik sa mga aktibidad:

  • Pagmamaneho: 6 linggo
  • Paglangoy: breaststroke: 8 linggo; freestyle: 12 linggo
  • Golf: 3 buwan
  • Pagbuhat: mababang pagbuhat ay maaaring simulan sa 6 linggo; iwasan ang pagbuhat ng mabibigat na bagay sa loob ng 6 buwan
  • Trabaho: sedentaryong trabaho: 6 linggo; manual na trabaho: gabay ng iyong surgeon

Pagsuot ng iyong sling

Ang iyong sling ay sumusuporta sa iyong balikat para sa kaginhawaan habang humihina ang maagang pananakit. Layunin nitong suportahan ang bigat ng iyong braso. Hindi ito nagpapanatili ng pagkakaayos ng repair. Ang mga alituntunin ay simple:

  • Suotin ito ng humigit-kumulang 2 linggo para sa kaginhawaan at suporta, pagkatapos ay unti-unting bawasan ang paggamit nito sa loob ng araw. Ang maikling paggamit nito sa gabi ay okay kung nakakatulong ito para makapahinga, ngunit hindi ito required.
  • Itatanggal ito para sa pag-shower at para sa iyong mga ehersisyo, pagkatapos na ituro sa iyo kung paano ito gagawin.
  • Kapag naka-rest sa bahay, maaari itong tanggalin anumang oras na komportable ka: ang braso ay nakasuporta sa isang unan habang nakaupo.
  • Gumamit ng yelo kung ang balikat ay namamaga o namamaga, lalo na pagkatapos ng ehersisyo.

Tutulungan ka ng iyong physiotherapist na isuot ang sling sa simula, at ituturo sa iyo kung paano itong pamahalaan nang mag-isa bago ka lumabas ng ospital. Mahalaga ang tamang pagkakasuot nito, dahil ang maluwag na sling ay hindi wastong sumusuporta sa iyo:

  1. Siguraduhing laging nasa sulok ng sling at mabuting sinusuportahan ang iyong siko kapag sinusuot ang sling.
  2. Ang dulo ng maayos na sinusukat na sling ay dapat kumportableng humiga sa knuckle ng iyong maliit na daliri. Kung lumalabas nang sobra ang iyong kamay mula sa sling, hindi ito magbibigay ng sapat na suporta sa iyo.
  3. May dalawang Velcro strap ang iyong sling: isa ay nakakabit sa paligid ng iyong leeg at isa sa paligid ng iyong baywang.
  4. Kapag naayos mo na ang iyong siko at forearms, gamitin ang iyong hindi na-opera na braso para ilipat ang itaas na strap sa paligid ng iyong leeg papunta sa harap at ikabit ito sa itaas na loop sa sling.
  5. Gamitin ang parehong paraan para ikabit ang ibabang strap sa paligid ng iyong bayawang, siguraduhing nakakabit sa ibabang loop sa sling.

Sa loob ng panahon na nagsusuot ka ng sling, maging mapagbantay sa iyong postura sa lahat ng oras at iwasan ang pagpapahintulot sa iyong mga balikat na maging lumukso o bumaba. Upang makamit ang mabuting postura, subukang panatilihin ang iyong mga tainga, balikat, at balakang sa tuwid na linya; mahalaga ito para sa iyong likod at makakatulong ito upang maiwasan ang pagkatigas sa iyong joint ng balikat. Ang isang ginulugod na tuwalyang inilagay sa bahagi ng likod kapag nakaupo ay maaaring magsilbing paalala.

Ang iyong unang mga araw sa ospital

Bago ka umuwi, sisimulan ka ng mga hospital physiotherapist sa isang simpleng set ng ehersisyo, na ipinapakita sa ibaba. Nakakatulong na maunawaan ang tatlong termino na kanilang gagamitin. Ang active na range of motion ay ang galaw na ginagawa mo mismo, nang walang tulong o suporta. Ang active-assisted na range of motion ay ang paggamit ng iyong ibang braso (o ng isang bagay, tulad ng baston) upang tulungan ang paggalaw ng braso. Ang passive na range of motion ay nangangahulugang ang braso ay nananatiling ganap na relaxed habang ang iyong ibang braso (o ng ibang tao) ang gumagawa ng trabaho. Mula sa simula, maaari ka nang simulang gumalaw ng balikat na may tulong ng iyong ibang braso at, sa loob ng hangganan ng kaginhawaan, dahan-dahan sa sarili mong lakas, madalas na pinakamadali kapag nakahiga sa iyong likod upang tumulong ang gravity. Hayaan ang kaginhawaan na maging gabay mo at umunlad ayon sa pinapayagan nito.

Ilang praktikal na punto para sa mga unang araw na ito:

  • Gamitin ang sling para sa kaginhawaan. Ang maikling paggamit nito sa gabi ay okay kung nakakatulong ito upang makapagpahinga ka, ngunit ito ay optional.
  • Gamitin ang yelo para sa pagpapagaan ng sakit kung kinakailangan.
  • Kapag nakasuot ng iyong sling, i-relax ang iyong balikat at hayaan ang sling na kunin ang bigat ng iyong braso.
  • Inumin ang iyong painkillers bago ka mag-ehersisyo, at bago ang iyong mga appointment sa physiotherapy.
  • Pinapayagan kang alisin ang iyong braso mula sa sling para sa iyong mga ehersisyo at pag-shower.
  • Suotin ang sling para sa kaginhawaan at suporta sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 2 linggo, pagkatapos ay unti-unting bawasan ang paggamit nito sa loob ng araw.
  • Maliban na lamang kung ikaw ay pumili na ayusin ang sarili mong physiotherapy, may appointment na inayos para sa iyo at detalyado ito sa iyong discharge pack.
  • Kung mayroon kang anumang problema, kontakin ang opisina o ipaalam sa iyong physiotherapist.

Ito ang mga ehersisyo na sisimulan ka ng mga hospital physiotherapist, na ipagpapatuloy sa bahay ayon sa gabay ng iyong physiotherapist.

Mga ehersisyo sa iyong ospital

Yugto I — Proteksyon (Linggo 0–3)

Ang unang tatlong linggo ay tungkol sa pagpapahinga ng iyong bagong balikat at pagpapasauli nito sa galaw. Ginagamit mo ang sling para sa kaginhawaan, pamamahalaan ang pamamaga gamit ang yelo at compression, at panatilihin ang paggalaw ng iyong siko, pulso, at kamay. Mula sa simula, magsisimula ka rin ng banayad na paggalaw ng balikat, na tinutulungan ng iyong ibang braso at, hangga't komportable, sa sarili mong lakas, madalas na pinakamadali kapag nakahiga sa iyong likod upang tumulong ang gravity. Hayaan ang kaginhawaan na maging gabay mo at huwag pilitin ang anumang bagay. Ang mga alituntunin na pinakamahalaga ay tungkol sa proteksyon ng kasukasuan laban sa pagligtas: huwag umabot sa likod ng iyong likod o i-rotate ang braso papasok, huwag magbitbit ng anumang bagay, at huwag itulak pataas gamit ang iyong mga kamay. Kapag nakahiga sa iyong likod, panatilihin ang maliit na unan o natutukod na tuwalya sa ilalim ng iyong siko upang hindi umabot sa likod ang balikat.

Para sa iyong pisioterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • Protektahan ang katatagan ng komponent (iwasan ang posisyon ng dislokasyon)
  • Bawasan ang pamamaga, minimisaan ang sakit
  • Panatilihin ang saklaw ng galaw (ROM) ng itaas na ekstremitas (UE) sa siko, kamay, at pulso
  • Itatag ang maagang aktibo-at-tulungan at aktibong galaw ng balikat sa loob ng kaginhawaan
  • Minimisaan ang pagpigil ng kalamnan
  • Edukasyon ng pasyente

Sling

  • Neutral na rotasyon
  • Para sa kaginhawaan at suporta; opsyonal na maikling paggamit sa gabi; bawasan ang paggamit sa araw mula sa ~2 linggo

Pamamahala

  • Pamamahala ng pamamaga: yelo, compression
  • Saklaw ng galaw / mobilidad:
    • PROM: external rotation (ER) sa scapular plane hanggang sa toleransiya; flexion/scaption ≤ 120 degrees; abduction (ABD) ≤ 90 degrees; seated glenohumeral (GH) flexion table slide; pendulums; seated horizontal table slides
    • Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM): mula sa simula: active-assisted shoulder flexion (simulan habang nakahiga/gravity-assisted), sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng PROM sa itaas
    • Active range of motion (AROM): mula sa simula: banayad na aktibong galaw ng balikat ayon sa toleransiya sa loob ng kaginhawaan; plus siko, kamay, pulso

Mga Precaution

  • Walang shoulder PROM/AROM papasok sa internal rotation (IR)
  • Walang pag-abot sa likod, lalo na papasok sa internal rotation
  • Iwasan ang pinagsamang extension + adduction + internal-rotation (dislokasyon) na posisyon
  • Walang pagbitbit ng mga bagay
  • Walang suporta ng bigat ng katawan gamit ang mga kamay
  • Ilagay ang maliit na unan/natutukod na tuwalya sa ilalim ng siko habang nakahiga sa likod upang maiwasan ang hyperextension ng balikat

Mga Kriteryo para mag-progres

  • Unti-unting pagtaas ng shoulder PROM, AAROM, at AROM sa loob ng kaginhawaan
  • 0 degrees shoulder PROM papasok sa IR
  • Sakit < 4/10
  • Walang komplikasyon sa Phase I

Yugong II — Katamtaman (Linggo 4–6)

Ang balikat ay ngayon ay nagbuo mula sa galaw na nagsimula mo kaagad pagkatapos ng operasyon. Patuloy na pagdaragdag ang saklaw ng galaw, at ang unang pag-activate at pagsasanay sa pagpapalakas para sa mga kalamnan ng balikat-blade (periscapular) at deltoid ay nagsisimula sa paligid ng linggo 4. Sa yugong ito, dapat ka nang walang sling sa araw; maaari mo pa ring gamitin ito nang maikli sa gabi lamang kung nagbibigay ito ng komportableng pakiramdam. Ang mga patakaran sa proteksyon ay nananatiling apply: huwag magbitbit ng anumang bagay na mas mabigat kaysa sa tasa ng kape, huwag umabot sa likod ng iyong likod, huwag itulak gamit ang iyong mga kamay, at panatilihin ang unan sa ilalim ng iyong siko kapag nakahiga sa iyong likod.

Para sa iyong pisioterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • Patuloy na protektahan ang katatagan ng komponent (iwasan ang posisyon ng dislokasyon)
  • Bawasan ang pamamaga, i-minimize ang sakit
  • Unahan-unahang dagdagan ang PROM ng balikat
  • I-progreso ang AAROM/AROM ng balikat
  • Simulan ang pag-activate at pagpapalakas ng mga kalamnan ng periscapular (~linggo 4)
  • Simulan ang pag-activate at pagpapalakas ng deltoid (~linggo 4; iwasan ang extension ng balikat kapag nag-a-activate ng posterior deltoid)
  • Edukasyon ng pasyente

Sling

  • Itigil ang paggamit sa araw (inaalis mula sa ~2 linggo)
  • Opsyonal na maikling paggamit sa gabi lamang kung nagbibigay ito ng komportableng pakiramdam

Pamamahala

  • Patuloy na gamitin ang mga interbensyon ng Yugong I
  • Saklaw ng galaw / mobilidad:
    • AAROM: aktibo-assistive na shoulder flexion, shoulder flexion na may baston, external rotation stretch na may baston, pagpindot ng tuwalya, nakaupo na shoulder elevation na may baston
    • AROM: supine flexion, salutes, supine punch
  • Pagpapalakas:
    • Periscapular: scapular retraction, standing scapular setting, supported scapular setting, low row, inferior glide
    • Deltoid: isometrics sa scapular plane

Mga Precaution

  • Walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod, lalo na sa internal rotation
  • Iwasan ang pinagsamang extension + adduction + internal-rotation (dislokasyon) na posisyon hanggang ~linggo 6
  • Walang pagbitbit ng mga bagay na mas mabigat kaysa sa tasa ng kape
  • Walang suporta ng bigat ng katawan gamit ang mga kamay
  • Maglagay ng maliit na unan/towel roll sa ilalim ng siko habang nakahiga sa likod upang maiwasan ang hyperextension ng balikat

Mga Kriterya para mag-progreso

  • Unahan-unahang pagdaragdag sa shoulder PROM, AAROM, AROM
  • 0 degrees na shoulder PROM papasok sa IR
  • Maramdaman na palpable na kontraksyon ng kalamnan sa scapular musculature
  • Sakit < 4/10
  • Walang komplikasyon sa Yugong II

Yugto III — Katamtaman, patuloy (Linggo 7–8)

Ang sling ay nasa likod na ninyo ngayon. Ang paggalaw ay unti-unting lumalawak sa lahat ng direksyon, kasama na ang unang banayad na passive na internal rotation (pag-ikot ng braso papaloob), at ang pagsasanay sa pagpapalakas ng mga kalamnan ng deltoid at scapula ay nagpapalakas, kasama na ang unang mga ehersisyo sa motor control (koordinasyon). Ang mga limitasyong nananatili: walang mas mabigat kaysa sa tasa ng kape, walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod na lumalampas sa bulsa ng pantalon, walang bigat ng katawan na ipinapasa sa mga kamay, at iwasan ang pag-stretch ng braso papalayo sa likod ng katawan.

Para sa inyong physiotherapist:

Mga Layunin

  • Bawasan ang sakit
  • Unti-unting pag-usbon ang shoulder PROM; simulan ang shoulder PROM IR sa scapular plane
  • Unti-unting pag-usbon ang shoulder AAROM
  • Unti-unting pag-usbon ang shoulder AROM
  • Pag-usbon ang pagpapalakas ng deltoid
  • Pag-usbon ang pagpapalakas ng periscapular
  • Simulan ang ehersisyo sa motor control
  • Edukasyon sa pasyente

Sling

  • Itigil

Pamamahala

  • Magpatuloy sa mga interbensyon ng Yugto I at II
  • Range of motion / mobility:
    • PROM: buo sa lahat ng planes; unti-unting PROM IR sa scapular plane ≤ 50 degrees
    • AAROM: incline table slides, wall climbs, pulleys, seated shoulder elevation with cane with active lowering
    • AROM: seated scaption, seated flexion, supine forward elevation with elastic resistance to 90 degrees
  • Pagpapalakas:
    • Periscapular: row on a physioball, serratus punches
    • Deltoid: seated shoulder elevation with cane, seated shoulder elevation with cane with active lowering, ball roll on wall
  • Motor control:
    • IR/ER sa scaption plane at flexion 90–125 degrees (rhythmic stabilisation) sa supine
  • Stretching:
    • Sidelying horizontal adduction (ADD), triceps at lats

Mga Precaution

  • Walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod na lumalampas sa bulsa ng pantalon
  • Walang pag-angat ng mga bagay na mas mabigat kaysa sa tasa ng kape
  • Walang suporta ng bigat ng katawan gamit ang mga kamay
  • Iwasan ang shoulder hyperextension

Mga Kriteryo para sa pag-usad

  • Mga layunin sa ROM (ang mga inaasahan sa PROM at AROM ay indibidwal at nakadepende sa mga sukat ng ROM na nakamit sa operating room pagkatapos ng operasyon):
    • Elevation ≤ 140 degrees
    • ER ≤ 30 degrees sa neutral
    • IR ≤ 50 degrees sa scapular plane, o bulsa sa likod
  • Minimal hanggang walang substitution patterns sa shoulder AROM
  • Sakit < 4/10

Yugong IV — Transisyonal (Linggo 9–11)

Ang yugong na ito ay ang tulay pabalik sa normal na paggamit ng braso. Ang passive movement ay dapat na kumpleto na sa lahat ng planes, at ang pokus ay lumilipat sa pagpapalakas ng deltoid at mga kalamnan ng balikat (shoulder-blade), pagbuo ng dynamic stability at koordinasyon, at unang-unang pagbawi ng lakas at endurance, kasama ang pagbabalik sa kumpletong mga aktibidad sa pang-araw-araw na buhay. Ang iisang mahigpit na limitasyon: walang pag-angat ng mabibigat na bagay (higit sa 5 kg).

Para sa iyong physiotherapist:

Mga Layunin

  • Panatilihin ang ROM na walang sakit
  • Pag-unlad ng pagpapalakas ng periscapular
  • Pag-unlad ng pagpapalakas ng deltoid
  • Pag-unlad ng motor control exercise
  • Pagpapabuti ng dynamic shoulder stability
  • Unang-unang pagbawi ng lakas at endurance ng balikat
  • Pagbabalik sa kumpletong mga aktibidad sa pang-araw-araw na buhay

Pamamahala

  • Magpatuloy sa mga interbensyon ng Yugong II–III
  • Range of motion / mobility:
    • PROM: kumpletong ROM sa lahat ng planes
  • Pagpapalakas:
    • Periscapular: resistance band shoulder extension, resistance band seated rows, rowing, robbery, lawnmowers, tripod, pointer
    • Deltoid: unang-unang magdagdag ng resistance sa deltoid exercise
  • Motor control:
    • IR/ER at flexion 90–125 degrees (rhythmic stabilisation)
    • Quadruped alternating isometrics at ball stabilisation sa pader
    • Field goals
    • Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): D1 diagonal lifts, D2 diagonal lifts

Mga Paalala

  • Walang pag-angat ng mabibigat na bagay (> 5 kg)

Mga Kriterya para mag-progress

  • Nagpapatupad ng lahat ng exercises na nagpapakita ng symmetric scapular mechanics
  • Sakit < 2/10

Yugong V — Mas advanced na pagpapalakas (Linggo 12–16)

Ang huling yugong ay naghahanda sa balikat para sa pang-araw-araw na pamumuhay: pagpapanatili ng galaw na walang sakit habang binubuo ang lakas at katatagan upang gamitin ang braso nang may kumpiyansa. Kung isinagawa ang pag-aayos ng rotator cuff kasabay ng iyong palitan, nagsisimula na ngayon ang pagpapalakas ng rotator cuff (RTC). Tumaas ang limitasyon sa pag-angat, ngunit ang mabibigat na bagay (higit sa 7 kg) ay nananatiling bawal. Natatapos ang yugong ito at ang protocol kapag nakakuha ng clearance mula sa iyong doktor matapos matupad ang lahat ng mga milestone.

Para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • Panatilihin ang ROM na walang sakit
  • Simulan ang pagpapalakas ng rotator cuff (RTC) kung may kasamang pag-aayos
  • Pagbutihin ang lakas at katatagan ng balikat
  • Palakasin ang functional na paggamit ng upper extremity

Pamamahala

  • Magpatuloy sa mga interbensyon ng Yugong II–IV
  • Pagpapalakas:
    • Periscapular: push-up plus sa tuhod, ehersisyo ng "W", resistance band Ws, prone shoulder extension Is, dynamic hug, resistance band dynamic hug, resistance band forward punch, forward punch, T at Y, ehersisyo ng "T"
    • Deltoid: magpatuloy sa unti-unting pagtaas ng resisted flexion at scaption sa mga functional na posisyon
    • Siko: bicep curl, resistance band bicep curls, at triceps
    • Rotator cuff: internal/external rotation isometrics, side-lying external rotation, standing external rotation na may resistance band, standing internal rotation na may resistance band, internal rotation, external rotation, sidelying ABD na nag-uusad patungo sa standing ABD
  • Motor control:
    • Resistance band PNF pattern, PNF D1 diagonal lifts na may resistance, diagonal-up, diagonal-down, wall slides na may resistance band

Mga Paalala

  • Huwag mag-angat ng mabibigat na bagay (> 7 kg)

Mga Kriterya para umusad

  • Clearance mula sa doktor, at LAHAT ng mga kriterya sa milestone ay natupad na
  • Nananatiling may pain-free PROM at AROM
  • Nagpapatupad ng lahat ng mga ehersisyo na nagpapakita ng symmetric scapular mechanics
  • QuickDASH at ASES patient-reported outcome measures

Pagkatapos ng iyong protocol

Gumagana ang protocol na ito kasama ng pangkalahatang payo sa paggaling ng klinika: tingnan ang pamamahala ng sakit pagkatapos ng operasyon at pag-aalaga sa sugat. Para sa operasyon mismo, tingnan ang reverse shoulder replacement.

Ang ebidensya pangklinika sa likod ng protocol na ito (mga publikadong trial sa rehabilitasyon, dahilan para sa mga patakaran tungkol sa sling at galaw, at mga sanggunian sa pananaliksik) ay nakalista sa kasamang buod ng ebidensya (available bilang isang downloadable PDF).


Evidence & references

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (Cuff-Tear Arthropathy / Arthritis) — Post-operative Rehabilitation Evidence

Topic scope: Post-operative rehabilitation after elective reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA / rTSA) for rotator-cuff-tear arthropathy, glenohumeral arthritis with an irreparable cuff, or a massive irreparable cuff tear — not the acute proximal-humerus-fracture indication, where tuberosity healing imposes its own restrictions. The evidence base for the operation (when RSA is indicated, implant survivorship, complication profile) is extensive; the evidence base for the rehabilitation protocol is smaller but, unusually for shoulder surgery, now includes several randomised trials directly comparing immobilisation strategies.

Defining principle of this rehab: RSA rehabilitation is comparatively permissive and is increasingly run on an accelerated footing. Two features of the reconstructed joint explain why. First, the deltoid — not the rotator cuff — drives elevation after RSA; the design medialises and lowers the centre of rotation so the deltoid can elevate an arm that has no functioning cuff. Second, there is usually no subscapularis repair to protect (and many surgeons deliberately leave it unrepaired with a lateralised implant), so the external-rotation restriction that dominates anatomic-TSA rehab is far less central here. The principal early caution is therefore not tissue healing but component stability: a reverse prosthesis can dislocate, and the at-risk position is the combination of extension + adduction + internal rotation (the hand-behind-the-back / tucking-in-a-shirt movement). Early rehab accordingly protects against that position while otherwise encouraging motion. The sling is largely for comfort, support and dislocation-avoidance, and the published trial evidence shows that shortening or even omitting it does not increase the dislocation or complication rate.

Surgeon's protocol note: Dr Hirpara's protocol on this page is run on an accelerated footing, directly aligned with the randomised and cohort evidence below: a short ~2-week comfort sling (weaned off during the day; optional brief night use), active-assisted and active shoulder motion from the start (within defined limits, beginning supine/gravity-assisted), and deltoid + periscapular strengthening from ~week 4. The main early constraint is component stability, so the extension + adduction + internal-rotation (hand-behind-back) dislocation position is avoided for the first ~6 weeks while motion is otherwise encouraged. Elevation after RSA is deltoid-driven, which is why strengthening is deltoid- and periscapular-focused. Follow the protocol your surgeon has set.


The operation, in brief

In a reverse replacement the normal anatomy is inverted: a ball (glenosphere) is fixed to the shoulder blade and a cup is fixed to the top of the arm bone. This moves the joint's pivot point down and in, which lengthens and tensions the deltoid and lets that muscle lift the arm even when the rotator cuff is gone — the situation in cuff-tear arthropathy. Because the implant, not the patient's own cuff, provides stability and power, the rehabilitation logic differs fundamentally from a cuff repair (where a healing tendon must be protected) and from an anatomic replacement (where a repaired subscapularis must be protected).


Evidence by theme

1. Early / accelerated motion is safe — multiple randomised trials

This is the best-supported part of RSA rehabilitation, and it is unusually strong for a shoulder rehab question because it rests on randomised controlled trials, not just consensus:

  • Hagen et al. (2020), single-blind RCT, 107 shoulders — randomised to immediate physical therapy (passive + active ROM from the start) versus 6-week delayed therapy. No difference in final ROM, patient-reported outcomes, or dislocation/complication rate (early 7.1% vs delayed 9.1%). [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.017]
  • Edwards / "two rehabilitation approaches" RCT, 61 patients (63 shoulders)early active (submaximal isometric deltoid work from week 2) versus delayed active rehab, both with a 6-week sling. Pain and overall function were equivalent at 3, 6 and 12 months, but the early-active group had significantly better active forward flexion at 3 months (p = 0.019) — i.e. earlier functional gain without added risk. [Literature — PMC8512973]
  • Lee et al. (2021), 357 shoulders — randomised to no immobilisation / early motion, 3-week sling, or 6-week sling. No difference in patient-reported outcomes, satisfaction, pain or ROM; the immediate-motion group had the lowest overall complication rate (reported as ~4% vs ~24.6% in the 6-week cohort in the pooled systematic-review re-analysis). [via Sachinis 2024 SR]

A systematic review (Sachinis et al., 2024; 3 controlled trials, ~527 shoulders) concluded that accelerated rehabilitation is safe and yields equivalent 12-month outcomes, while cautioning that protocols should still be individualised by bone quality, age, diagnosis and surgical complexity rather than applied uniformly. [Literature — PMC11034463]

Evidence: MODERATE–STRONG (several RCTs + SR), though individual trials are modest in size.

2. Sling duration can be shortened without added risk

  • A large retrospective cohort (960 patients) compared 2-week vs 6-week sling immobilisation after RSA and found no difference in complication rate (12.0% vs 15.0%, p = 0.21), dislocation rate (p = 0.79), acromial stress fracture, loosening or infection; final flexion and ER were equivalent. The authors concluded shorter immobilisation does not incur additional risk. [Literature — PMC10638591]
  • Published institutional protocols (e.g. Massachusetts General Brigham) have themselves moved from a 6-week to a 4-week sling standard, attributing the change to improved implant design. [Published protocol — MGH Sports Medicine]

Evidence: MODERATE (one large cohort + protocol trend; the question is now whether 6 weeks is necessary, not whether it is safe).

3. The deltoid drives recovery — and formal active PT may add little

Because elevation depends on deltoid recruitment (with documented compensatory recruitment of upper trapezius, latissimus and posterior deltoid), strengthening is deltoid- and periscapular-focused rather than cuff-focused. Notably, a multicentre RCT found that a formal active physical-therapy programme did not improve outcomes over a home/self-directed programme after RSA — many patients recover well with a structured home programme and physiotherapist supervision rather than intensive hands-on active therapy. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.011] This supports a pragmatic, education-and-home-exercise model.

Evidence: MODERATE (RCT).

4. Dislocation: low but real, and the early protective position is specific

Dislocation is the relevant early stability complication (as opposed to the tissue-healing concern of a cuff repair). Corpus series on dislocation following RSA identify the at-risk position as adduction + internal rotation + extension, and identify subscapularis insufficiency and implant/soft-tissue tensioning as contributors to instability. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2016.12.073; 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.013] This is precisely why early protocols — accelerated or conservative — restrict reaching behind the back and forced internal rotation while otherwise allowing supported elevation. The role of routine subscapularis repair in preventing dislocation is debated and interacts with glenosphere lateralisation (a lateralised design appears less reliant on subscapularis repair for stability). [RAG corpus — 10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00781]

Evidence: MODERATE (cohort/registry); the precaution itself is universal consensus.

5. Contrast with anatomic TSA rehabilitation

The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists (ASSET) consensus on anatomic TSA rehab centres on protecting the subscapularis repair — limiting passive external rotation and active internal rotation for ~6 weeks. [RAG corpus — 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.019] After RSA that specific constraint is usually absent or much reduced (no cuff repair to protect; subscapularis often not repaired), which is the structural reason RSA rehab is more permissive in external rotation while being more attentive to the dislocation-position combination.


Phased post-operative timeline

This table reflects Dr Hirpara's protocol on this page (the accelerated, ~2-week-sling approach). The right-hand column notes the published evidence that the protocol is grounded in.

Phase Window Sling Shoulder motion Strengthening Accelerated-evidence basis
I — Protection Week 0–3 Comfort/support; wean off during the day from ~2 weeks; optional brief night use Active-assisted and active as tolerated from the start (begin supine/gravity-assisted; ER in scapular plane to tolerance; flexion/scaption ≤120°; abduction ≤90°); no IR, no reaching behind back, avoid the dislocation position; elbow/wrist/hand active RCTs show early active/AAROM from the start carries no added dislocation/complication risk (Hagen 2020; Edwards)
II — Intermediate Week 4–6 Off during the day; optional brief night use Progress AAROM and AROM Periscapular + deltoid activation and strengthening initiated (~week 4) Early active deltoid work gives earlier functional gain without added risk (Edwards)
III — Intermediate cont. Week 7–8 Discontinued Progress AROM all planes; first gentle passive IR in scapular plane (≤50°) Deltoid + periscapular progressed; motor control Cohort data: 2-week sling non-inferior to 6 weeks (no extra dislocations)
IV — Transitional Week 9–11 Full passive ROM all planes Resisted deltoid/periscapular; dynamic stability; PNF; no lifting >5 kg
V — Advanced strengthening Week 12–16 Maintain pain-free full ROM Add rotator-cuff strengthening if a cuff repair was done; functional loading; no lifting >7 kg Resisted IR / eccentric / closed-chain typically from ~12 weeks

Return-to-activity anchors (from this protocol): driving ~6 weeks; light lifting from 6 weeks but no heavy lifting for ~6 months; swimming (breaststroke) 8 weeks / freestyle 12 weeks; golf ~3 months; sedentary work 6 weeks, manual work surgeon-guided. Published sport-return data after RSA are encouraging for low-impact activity (≈60–86% return; swimming ~84%, golf/fitness ~77%) but caution against high-impact and contact sport given prosthesis-loading and revision concerns. [Literature — PMC10043097]


Key controversies / evidence quality

  1. Accelerated vs conservative rehab — and where this protocol sits. The randomised evidence shows early motion and shorter (or no) immobilisation are safe and may give earlier functional gain, with equivalent 12-month outcomes. Dr Hirpara's ~2-week comfort sling, active-assisted/active motion from the start, strengthening from ~week 4 protocol aligns with this accelerated evidence. The systematic review still endorses individualisation (bone quality, fixation, intra-operative stability, soft-tissue tensioning, any concomitant cuff repair), so the surgeon may dial the plan back for a borderline-stable construct, softer bone, or a concomitant repair. The prescribed plan is the one to follow.

  2. Immobilisation duration. Trial and large-cohort data show 2–4 weeks is non-inferior to 6 weeks for dislocation and complications, which is why this protocol uses a short ~2-week comfort sling. Longer 6-week protocols persist elsewhere out of surgeon preference and construct-specific factors, with the low absolute dislocation rate making the question hard to power definitively.

  3. Precautions. The extension + adduction + internal rotation (hand-behind-back) restriction is near-universal consensus early on; the disagreement is about how long, and how much external-rotation freedom to allow (more than anatomic TSA, but bounded by soft-tissue tension).

  4. Subscapularis repair. Whether to repair it — and whether repair reduces dislocation — interacts with glenosphere lateralisation and remains debated; this in turn influences how restrictive early rehab needs to be.

  5. Active physiotherapy intensity. At least one RCT found formal active PT did not beat a structured home programme, supporting an education-led, home-exercise model with physiotherapist oversight rather than intensive hands-on therapy.


Evidence-strength flags (summary)

  • MODERATE–STRONG (RCT / SR): accelerated/early-motion rehab is safe with equivalent 12-month outcomes (Hagen 2020 RCT; Edwards RCT; Lee 2021; Sachinis 2024 SR); formal active PT not superior to home programme (multicentre RCT).
  • MODERATE (large cohort): 2-week sling non-inferior to 6-week sling for dislocation/complications (960-patient cohort); deltoid-driven recovery biomechanics.
  • CONSENSUS / WEAK: the dislocation-position precaution (universal but not trial-quantified for duration); the specific phase timings of this protocol (drawn from published institutional protocols + surgeon preference, not a head-to-head rehab RCT); subscapularis-repair effect on instability (conflicting cohort data).

Citations

  • Hagen MS, et al. Accelerated rehabilitation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg / Semin Arthroplasty. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.11.017
  • Active physical therapy does not improve outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-center, randomized clinical trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.011
  • Kennedy J, et al. The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists' consensus statement on rehabilitation for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.05.019
  • Dislocation following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.12.073
  • Edwards TB, et al. Subscapularis insufficiency and the risk of shoulder dislocation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2008.12.013
  • Clinical Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty With and Without Subscapularis Repair: The Importance of Considering Glenosphere Lateralization. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00781

Literature (URLs)

  • Sachinis NP, et al. Can we accelerate rehabilitation following reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A systematic review. Shoulder Elbow. 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11034463/
  • A randomised trial comparing two rehabilitation approaches following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (early active vs delayed active). 2021. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8512973/
  • No difference in complications between two-week vs. six-week duration of sling immobilization after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (960-patient cohort). 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10638591/
  • Optimizing Outcomes After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Rehabilitation, Expected Outcomes, and Maximizing Return to Activities. 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10043097/
  • Kim Y-T, et al. Four weeks of immobilisation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty yields outcomes comparable to six weeks. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546419/

Published rehabilitation protocols (basis for the phase structure)

  • Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine. Rehabilitation Protocol for Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. Revised December 2018. https://www.massgeneral.org/assets/mgh/pdf/orthopaedics/sports-medicine/physical-therapy/rehabilitation-protocol-for-reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty.pdf
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital. Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Protocol. https://www.brighamandwomens.org/assets/BWH/patients-and-families/pdfs/shoulder--reverse-total-shoulder-arthroplasty-protocol.pdf

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