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Mucous Cyst

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Mucous cysts – common bumps near finger joints, often linked to arthritis, and treatment options.

Updated Jun 2026
Isang guhit-kamay na ilustrasyon ng maliit na sista sa dulo ng kasukasuan ng daliri malapit sa kuko.
Isang mucous cyst sa hinlalaki: isang maliit na bula na puno ng likido na nagmumula sa sira-sirang kasu-kasuan sa dulo ng daliri o hinlalaki. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ano ang nararamdaman mo

Maaaring mapansin mo ang isang maliit, matigas na buntong sa itaas ng iyong daliri, karaniwan ay malapit sa huling kasukasuan. Ang buntong ito ay isang mucous cyst. Madalas itong pakiramdam ay parang maliit na mani sa ilalim ng balat. Maaari mo itong makita nang malinaw kung manipis ang iyong balat doon. Maaaring gawing makintab o naunat ang balat sa ibabaw nito ang cyst. Sa ilang kaso, maaari nitong sanayin na lumabas ang kuko ng daliri sa isang alon o may ugat na pattern.

Ang lugar sa paligid ng cyst ay maaaring maging masakit o masakit. Maaaring makaramdam ka ng sakit kapag pinindot mo ito o kapag yumuyuko ka ng iyong daliri. Maaaring mahirap ang mga pang-araw-araw na gawain. Ang pag-abot sa mga bagay, pag-type, o paghawak sa mga kasangkapan ay maaaring masakit. Maaaring mahirap para sa iyo na i-fasten ang mga pindutan o i-zip ang isang jacket. Ilang tao ang nagsasabi na mas malala ang sakit sa gabi o pagkatapos ng mahabang paggamit ng kanilang mga kamay. Maaaring makagambala ang discomfort sa pagtulog kung ikaw ay nakahiga sa kamay na iyon.

Titingnan ng iyong surgeon ang cyst at susuriin kung paano ito nakakaapekto sa galaw ng iyong daliri. Ang sakit ay madalas na galing sa mga pagbabago sa underlying joint, hindi lamang sa buntong mismo. Ang pag-alis lamang ng cyst ay maaaring hindi tumigil sa sakit kung nananatili ang bone spur (osteophyte). Maaaring talakayin ng iyong surgeon ang pag-alis ng bone spur upang matulungan ang pagpapagaan ng pressure sa joint at balat. Ang pamamaraang ito ay maaaring tumulong sa mas mabuting paggaling ng balat at bawasan ang tsansang bumalik ang cyst.

Sa maraming kaso, ang paggamot sa bone spur ay nagdudulot ng kumpletong resolusyon ng cyst. Maaaring hindi mo kailangan ang kumplikadong operasyon. Ang simpleng pag-alis ng cyst na pinagsama sa pag-alis ng bone spur ay may napakababa na rate ng pagbabalik. Kahit mas simpleng mga opsyon, tulad ng pag-alis lamang ng bone spur, ay maaaring magbigay ng kumpletong resolusyon sa karamihan ng mga kaso. Kung kailangan ng skin flap, mataas ang kasiyahan ng pasyente sa tatak. Malamang na masaya ka sa itsura at handang muling gawin ang prosedura.

Ii-customize ng iyong surgeon ang plano ayon sa iyong partikular na pangangailangan. Ang layunin ay alisin ang iyong sakit at ibalik ang function. Karamihan sa mga pasyente ay nakikita na pagkatapos ng paggamot, mas komportable ang kanilang daliri at mas maganda ang itsura. Ang balat ay may magandang potensyal sa paggaling kapag na-address ang pangunahing problema. Maaari kang mag-expect ng simpleng paggaling na may maingat na pag-aalaga sa sugat.

Ano ang nangyayari talaga

Ang mucous cyst ay isang maliit na bag na puno ng likido na bumubuo sa iyong daliri. Karaniwan itong lumalabas malapit sa dulo ng daliri, malapit sa nail bed. Ang cyst ay nakaupo sa ibabaw ng joint capsule, na ang matigas at fibrous na sleeve na nakabalot sa iyong joint upang panatilihin itong matatag.

Ang pinagmulan nito ay ang wear-and-tear arthritis sa joint. Habang ang cartilage—ang makinis na patong sa mga dulo ng iyong mga buto—ay nabubuo, sinusubukan ng iyong katawan ayusin ang pinsala. Ang prosesong ito ay madalas na lumilikha ng mga bone spur, tinatawag na osteophytes. Ito ay mga maliit, magaspang na bukol ng karagdagang buto na lumalabas mula sa ibabaw ng joint.

Isipin ang joint capsule bilang isang gasket o selyo. Kapag ang bone spur ay nagkuskos sa selyong ito, ito ay nakakairita sa tissue. Ang iritasyong ito ay nagdudulot ng pagtagas ng synovial fluid mula sa joint lining, na ang likidong natural na nagpapadulas na nagpapanatili sa paggalaw ng iyong joint na makinis. Ang likido ay tumatagos sa mahina na bahagi ng capsule, na bumubuo sa kitang-kita na bukol na makikita sa iyong balat.

Dahil ang cyst ay konektado sa joint, ito ay puno ng parehong likidong nagpapadulas. Ang presyon mula sa likido ay maaaring gawing manipis at mahina ang balat sa itaas ng cyst. Sa ilang kaso, ang cyst ay maaaring pindutin ang mga kalapit na nerbiyos o makaapekto sa nail matrix, na ang tissue sa ilalim ng iyong cuticle na lumilikha ng iyong kuko. Ang presyong ito ang nagdudulot ng mga guhit o ridges na maaaring makita sa iyong kuko.

Ang pag-alis lamang ng cyst ay madalas na nagdudulot ng pagbabalik nito dahil nananatili ang bone spur. Ang spur ay patuloy na nakakairita sa joint lining, na nagdudulot ng karagdagang pagtagas ng likido. Upang itigil ang siklong ito, ang pundasyong bone spur ay dapat tugunan. Kapag inalis ang spur, tumitigil ang iritasyon, at ang joint lining ay maaaring gumaling. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang paggamot sa buto ay kasing-importante ng paggamot sa cyst mismo.

Mga maitutulong namin dito

Karaniwang nagsisimula ang iyong paglalakbay sa simpleng pag-aalaga sa sarili at propesyonal na gabay. Maaari mong subukang pahingahin ang daliri at iwasan ang mga gawain na nagpapatibay sa cyst. Tumutulong ang pisyoterapiya upang mapanatili ang galaw ng kasu-kasuan at panatilihing malakas ang mga katabing kalamnan. Layunin ng pamamaraang ito na bawasan ang panghihina at mapabuti ang pagganap nang walang invasive na hakbang. Dapat mong bigyan ng patas na pagsubok ang konservatibong pag-aalaga na ito upang makita kung matatanggal ang mga sintomas. Maraming pasyente ang nakakakita na ang pamamahala sa mga araw-araw na gawi at pagsunod sa isang banayad na plano ng ehersisyo ay sapat na para magbigay ng ginhawa upang maiwasan ang karagdagang interbensyon.

Kung hindi sapat ang pag-aalaga sa sarili, maaaring imungkahi ng iyong doktor ang medikal na pamamahala upang kontrolin ang sakit at pamamaga. Ang mga injeksyon ng corticosteroid ay isang karaniwang opsyon para sa mga cyst na ito. Ang volar na injeksyon ng corticosteroid ay nagbibigay-daan sa madali at konsistent na paglalagay ng karayom sa kasu-kasuan. Binabawasan ng pamamaraang ito ang potensyal na pinsala sa malambot na tisyu at panganib ng impeksyon kumpara sa ibang mga teknik. Tumutulong ang injeksyon na paiti ang pamamaga na nagpapalago ng cyst. Habang binibigyang-diin ng ebidensya ang kaligtasan at kadalian ng pamamaraang ito, mahalagang maunawaan na ang mga injeksyon ay karaniwang nagpapamahala sa mga sintomas imbes na permanenteng tinatanggal ang cyst. Tumatagal ang epekto sa isang panahon, ngunit nananatili ang underlying na osteoarthritis. Ikaw at iyong doktor ang magpasya kung sapat ang pansamantalang ginhawang ito o kung kailangan ng karagdagang hakbang.

Isinasalang-ala ang operasyon kapag naabot na ng konservatibong pag-aalaga ang hangganan nito at ang cyst ay nagdudulot ng patuloy na sakit, deformidad, o mga problema sa pagganap. Tatalakayin ng iyong doktor ang pinakamainam na surgical na opsyon para sa iyong partikular na kaso. Ang layunin ay alisin ang cyst at tugunan ang ugat ng problema, na madalas ay mga bone spurs (osteophytes) mula sa osteoarthritis. Mahalagang alisin ang mga bone spurs na ito dahil malaki ang pagbaba ng tsansang bumalik ang cyst. May ilang mga teknik na kabilang ang pag-alis ng cyst kasama ang maliit na flap ng balat upang masiguro ang tamang paggaling, habang ang iba ay nakatuon pangunahin sa buto. Pipiliin ng iyong doktor ang paraan na nag-aalok ng pinakamainam na balanse ng mababang rate ng pagbabalik at magandang cosmetic na resulta para sa iyong kamay.

Ano ang inaasahan

Ang mga mucous cyst ay maliliit na bula na puno ng likido at madalas na lumalabas malapit sa huling kasukasuan ng iyong daliri o hinlalaki. Malapit itong nauugnay sa arthritis na dulot ng pagkasira o paggamit sa kasukasuang iyon. Dahil nagmumula ito sa pagbabago sa ilalim ng kasukasuang iyon, maaaring manatili o bumalik ang cyst kung hindi aayusin ang pinagmulan nito. Gayunpaman, sa tamang paggamot, ang prognosis ay karaniwang napakabuti.

Maaaring irekomenda ng iyong surgeon ang pag-alis ng cyst kasama ang anumang bone spurs (osteophytes) na nagdudulot nito. Ang pamamaraang ito ay nag-aalis ng mga mucous cyst na may napakababa o halos walang pagbabalik. Kung ang iyong surgeon ay pumili ng teknik na gumagamit ng local advancement skin flap, ang rate ng pagbabalik ay mababa na 1.4%. Sa ilang kaso, maaaring alisin ng iyong surgeon ang bone spur lamang nang hindi inaalis ang cyst. Ang mas hindi invasive na pamamaraang ito ay nagdudulot ng kumpletong paglulutas sa karamihan ng mga kaso. Anuman ang partikular na plano para sa mga malambot na tisyu, alisin ng iyong surgeon ang bone spur upang maiwasan ang pagbabalik ng cyst.

Maaari kang mag-expect ng mataas na kasiyahan sa mga resulta, lalo na sa anyo ng peklat. Maraming pasyente ang nagsasabi na gagawin ulit nila ang operasyon. Ang mga teknik sa pagsasagawa ng operasyon ay dinisenyo upang maging simple at maaasahan. Halimbawa, ang ilang mga pamamaraan ay nagpapahintulot sa pag-alis ng manipis na balat nang walang dagdag na panganib sa iyong nail matrix. Ang iba naman ay gumagamit ng skin grafts na nagbibigay ng sapat na cosmetic na resulta na may katamtamang rate ng pagbabalik. Kahit ang mga kumplikadong kaso, tulad ng mga cyst na lumalago sa loob ng digital nerve, ay maaaring magresulta sa matagumpay na paglaban.

Kung hindi gagamutin, maaaring manatili o lumaki ang cyst, na maaaring magpapatipis ng balat at magdagdag ng panganib ng impeksyon. Sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaddress ng parehong cyst at ang ilalim na arthritis, layunin ng iyong surgeon ang isang pangmatagalang solusyon. Karamihan sa mga pasyente ay nakikita na mas maganda ang itsura at pakiramdam ng kanilang daliri pagkatapos ng operasyon. Ang layunin ay hindi lamang alisin ang bula, kundi pigilan itong bumalik. Maaari kang mag-expect ng isang simpleng proseso ng paggaling na nakatuon sa pagprotekta sa lugar ng operasyon habang pinapayagan ang iyong kasukasuan na gumaling.

Kailan pumunta sa doktor

Pumunta sa iyong GP (General Practitioner) kung makikita mo ang maliit na buntong sa iyong daliri malapit sa kuko. Humingi ng pagsusuri ng espesyalista kung ang sista ay nagdudulot ng patuloy na sakit na hindi gumagaling kahit pahinga. Maghanap ng medikal na tulong kung ikaw ay nakakaranas ng kahinaan o kawalan ng katatagan sa kasukasuan. Mag-ingat sa pakiramdam ng pagkakasara o pagbagsak. Kontakin ang iyong surgeon kung ang mga sintomas ay nakakaapekto sa pagtulog o trabaho. Bigyang-pansin ang biglaang paglala ng lugar na ito ay nangangailangan ng check-up. Ang maagang pagsusuri ay tumutulong upang maiwasan ang mga komplikasyon. Ang iyong surgeon ay maaaring talakayin ang mga pagpipilian tulad ng pag-alis ng sista at anumang bone spurs. Ang ganitong paraan ay madalas na nagdudulot ng mataas na kasiyahan at mababang rate ng pagbalik. Ang paggamot sa pangunahing dahilan ay tumutulong sa balat na muling gumaling nang natural.

Reviewed by AI synthesis (v2) — pending human review · 18 May 2026.

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For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

Overview

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the management or recommendations for mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Total dorsal capsulectomy alone is a simple treatment for mucous cysts that does not lead to any recurrence [2].
  • Excision of the cyst combined with complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence [3].
  • Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may be a good treatment choice for mucous cysts of the finger, providing a less invasive method with complete resolution in most cases [5].
  • Osteophyte removal results in a low cyst recurrence rate, indicating it should be undertaken regardless of the surgeon's plan for the soft tissues [13].
  • The Zitelli bilobed flap allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix [6].
  • The use of a Wolfe graft for mucous cysts is simple, easy to perform, and provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates [7].
  • Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap is a reliable treatment for digital mucous cysts, demonstrating a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar and willingness to undergo the procedure again [9].
  • A surgical technique involving excision of the cyst, synovectomy, and débridement of osteophytes with rotational flap closure resulted in no recurrences in thirty-six patients [10].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal [8].

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the management or recommendations for mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Mucous cysts are associated with marginal osteophytes at the distal interphalangeal joint [3].
  • The primary pathology in mucous cysts involves osteophytes, and removal of these osteophytes allows for skin recovery potential [20].
  • Ultrasound is a powerful modality for evaluating pathologic conditions in the hand and wrist [16].
  • Ultrasound provides a cost-effective and expedient alternative or adjunct to MRI for hand and wrist evaluation [16].
  • Ultrasound is best used when there is a specific clinical question regarding a well-localized abnormality [16].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Subungual keratoacanthoma may show locally aggressive behaviour but does not metastasize [14].

Classification

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the management or recommendations for mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Total dorsal capsulectomy alone is a simple treatment for mucous cysts that does not lead to any recurrence [2].
  • Excision of the cyst combined with complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence [3].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may be a good treatment choice for mucous cyst of the finger, providing a less invasive method with complete resolution in most cases [5].
  • The Zitelli bilobed flap allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix [6].
  • The use of a Wolfe graft is simple, easy to perform, and provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates [7].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal [8].
  • Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap is a reliable treatment for digital mucous cysts, demonstrating a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar and willingness to undergo the procedure again [9].
  • A surgical technique involving excision of the cyst, synovectomy, and débridement of osteophytes with rotational flap closure resulted in no recurrences in thirty-six patients [10].
  • There is a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between Type I giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath (0%) and Type II tumours (38%) [11].
  • Recurrence in Type II giant cell tumours of the tendon sheath is likely due to undetected satellite lesions or incomplete excision [11].
  • Incomplete excision of a granular cell nerve tumor can lead to recurrence [12].
  • Osteophyte removal results in a low cyst recurrence rate [13].
  • Osteophyte removal should be undertaken regardless of the surgeon's plan for the soft tissues [13].

Clinical Presentation

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the management or recommendations for mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Malignant natural-killer cell neoplasms can present as a mucous cyst on the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger [4].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas can present as a hand cyst [8].
  • Subungual keratoacanthoma may present as a condition masquerading as flexor tenosynovitis in the finger [14].
  • Ultrasound is a powerful modality for the evaluation of pathologic conditions in the hand and wrist [16].
  • Ultrasound provides a cost-effective and expedient alternative and/or adjunct to MRI for hand and wrist evaluation [16].
  • Ultrasound is best used when there is a specific clinical question regarding a well-localized abnormality in the hand or wrist [16].

Investigations

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the management of mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful when doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal [8].
  • Ultrasound is a powerful modality for evaluation of pathologic conditions in the hand and wrist [16].
  • Ultrasound provides a cost-effective and expedient alternative and/or adjunct to MRI [16].
  • Ultrasound is best used when there is a specific clinical question regarding a well-localized abnormality [16].

Treatment

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies, and much of what is done or recommended is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Total dorsal capsulectomy alone is a simple treatment for mucous cysts that does not lead to any recurrence [2].
  • Excision of the cyst and complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence [3].
  • Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may be a good treatment choice for mucous cyst of the finger, providing a less invasive method with complete resolution in most cases [5].
  • Osteophyte removal results in a low cyst recurrence rate, indicating that it should be undertaken regardless of the surgeon's plan for the soft tissues [13].
  • The Zitelli bilobed flap allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix [6].
  • Use of Wolfe graft is simple, easy to perform, and provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates [7].
  • Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap is a reliable treatment for digital mucous cysts, demonstrating a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar and willingness to undergo the procedure again [9].
  • A surgical technique involving excision of the cyst, synovectomy, and débridement of osteophytes with rotational flap closure resulted in no recurrences in thirty-six patients [10].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].

Complications

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies, with many recommendations based on expert opinion [1].
  • Total dorsal capsulectomy alone for mucous cysts did not lead to any recurrence [2].
  • Excision of the cyst and complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence [3].
  • Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may provide complete resolution in most cases [5].
  • The Zitelli bilobed flap allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix [6].
  • Use of a Wolfe graft provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates [7].
  • Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap demonstrates a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar [9].
  • A surgical technique involving excision of the cyst, synovectomy, and débridement of osteophytes with rotational flap closure resulted in no recurrences in thirty-six patients [10].
  • Incomplete excision can lead to recurrence of granular cell nerve tumors [12].
  • Type II giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath have a 38% recurrence rate, likely due to undetected satellite lesions or incomplete excision [11].
  • Malignant natural-killer cell neoplasms can present as mucous cysts on the distal interphalangeal joint [4].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal [8].

Recovery

  • Scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies [1].
  • Much of the treatment for mucous cysts is based on expert opinion [1].
  • Total dorsal capsulectomy alone is a simple treatment for mucous cysts that does not lead to any recurrence [2].
  • Excision of the cyst and complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence [3].
  • Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may be a good treatment choice for mucous cysts of the finger, providing a less invasive method with complete resolution in most cases [5].
  • The Zitelli bilobed flap allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix [6].
  • The use of a Wolfe graft is simple, easy to perform, and provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates [7].
  • Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap is a reliable treatment for digital mucous cysts, demonstrating a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar and willingness to undergo the procedure again [9].
  • Pathohistological analysis is useful in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion [4].
  • Eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal [8].
  • Incomplete excision can lead to recurrence in granular cell nerve tumors [12].

Key Evidence

  • [L4] The scientific data regarding mucous cysts consist almost entirely of retrospective studies, and much of what is done or recommended is based on expert opinion. [1] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.01.029)
  • [L4] A total dorsal capsulectomy alone was a simple treatment for mucous cysts and did not lead to any recurrence. [2] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.004)
  • [L4] Excision of the cyst and complete removal of the marginal osteophyte eradicates mucous cysts with extremely rare recurrence. [3] (10.2106/00004623-197355030-00013)
  • [L5] This case emphasizes the utility of a pathohistological analysis in cases where doubts arise about the initial diagnosis of a benign tumorous lesion. [4] (10.1007/s00402-008-0794-4)
  • [L4] Osteophyte excision without cyst excision may be a good treatment choice for mucous cyst of the finger, providing a less invasive method with complete resolution in most cases. [5] (10.1177/1753193413478549)
  • [L4] It allows excision of the cyst and thinned skin with no added risk to the nail matrix. [6] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.03.013)
  • [L4] The technique is simple, easy to perform, and provides satisfactory cosmesis with acceptable recurrence rates. [7] (10.1177/1753193408103498)
  • [L4] Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment are critical because eccrine porocarcinomas have a substantial risk of metastasis, high risk of local recurrence, and are potentially fatal. [8] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.07.112)
  • [L4] Surgical excision with a local advancement skin flap is a reliable treatment for digital mucous cysts, demonstrating a low recurrence rate of 1.4% and high patient satisfaction regarding the scar and willingness to undergo the procedure again. [9] (10.1177/1753193413508540)
  • [L4] A new surgical technique involving excision of the cyst, synovectomy, and débridement of osteophytes with rotational flap closure resulted in no recurrences in thirty-six patients. [10] (10.2106/00004623-197254070-00008)
  • [L3] The study found a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between Type I tumours (0%) and Type II tumours (38%), with recurrence in Type II likely due to undetected satellite lesions or incomplete excision. [11] (10.1054/jhsb.2000.0522)
  • [Case_report] The author notes that while the true recurrence rate is unknown, incomplete excision can lead to recurrence. [12] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.05.011)
  • [Commentary] The article shows that osteophyte removal results in a low cyst recurrence rate, indicating that it should be undertaken regardless of the surgeon's plan for the soft tissues. [13] (10.1177/1753193413510663)
  • [L4] Subungual keratoacanthoma may show locally aggressive behaviour but does not metastasize. [14] (10.1177/1753193409360605)
  • [L5] Ultrasound is a powerful modality for evaluation of pathologic conditions in the hand and wrist, providing a cost-effective and expedient alternative and/or adjunct to MRI, best used when there is a specific clinical question regarding a well-localized abnormality. [16] (10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.02.010)
  • [L5] The authors of the original study believe that extensive damage to the skin is unnecessary and that the skin has recovery potential once the main problem (osteophytes) is removed, favoring a less invasive approach over techniques requiring skin flaps. [20] (10.1177/1753193414546443)

References

[1] Mucous Cysts. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.01.029 [2] Total Dorsal Capsulectomy for the Treatment of Mucous Cysts. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.004 [3] Marginal Osteophyte Excision in Treatment of Mucous Cysts. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1973. DOI: 10.2106/00004623-197355030-00013 [4] Malignant Natural-Killer cell neoplasm presenting as a mucous cyst on the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s00402-008-0794-4 [5] Osteophyte excision without cyst excision for a mucous cyst of the finger. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2013. DOI: 10.1177/1753193413478549 [6] The Zitelli Bilobed Flap on Skin Coverage After Mucous Cyst Excision: A Retrospective Cohort of 33 Cases. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.03.013 [7] Use of Wolfe Graft for the Treatment of Mucous Cysts. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2009. DOI: 10.1177/1753193408103498 [8] Eccrine Porocarcinoma Presenting as a Hand Cyst. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.07.112 [9] A reliable surgical treatment for digital mucous cysts. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2013. DOI: 10.1177/1753193413508540 [10] Etiology and Treatment of the So-Called Mucous Cyst of the Finger. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1972. DOI: 10.2106/00004623-197254070-00008 [11] Giant Cell Tumours of Tendon Sheath: Classification and Recurrence Rate. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2001. DOI: 10.1054/jhsb.2000.0522 [12] Granular Cell Nerve Tumor in the Hand: Case Report. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.05.011 [13] Commentary on Lee et al. Osteophyte excision without cyst excision for a mucous cyst of the finger. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2014. DOI: 10.1177/1753193413510663 [14] Metastases to the finger masquerading as flexor tenosynovitis. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2010. DOI: 10.1177/1753193409360605 [16] Ultrasound of the Hand and Wrist. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.02.010 [20] Re: Lee HJ, Kim PT, Jeon IH, et al. Osteophyte excision without cyst excision for a mucous cyst of the finger. J Hand Surg Eur. 2014, 39: 258–61. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2014. DOI: 10.1177/1753193414546443

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