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Pagkaputol ng Sagittal Band (Boxer's Knuckle)

A knuckle injury where the tendon slips off the top of the joint — the "boxer's knuckle" — and how early splinting or surgery treats it.

Ilustrasyon ng likod ng isang nakakuyom na kamao na may highlight ng sakit sa ibabaw ng knuckle kung saan nadulas ang extensor tendon.
Pagkapunit ng sagittal band ('boxer's knuckle'): ang band na nagpapanatili sa extensor tendon sa gitna ng knuckle ay napupunit, na nagiging sanhi ng pag-slide ng tendon sa isang panig. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang iyong nararamdaman

Ang knuckle sa base ng isa sa iyong mga daliri (kadalasan ay ang gitnang daliri) ay masakit, medyo namamagâ, at mayroong hindi gumagalaw nang tama. Ang klasikong palatandaan ay ang pakiramdam na ang tendon sa likod ng knuckle ay pumipitik o tumatalon nang patagilid kapag ibinabaluktot at itinuwid ang daliri. Maaaring mapansin mo na ang daliri ay bahagyang tumatagilid patungo sa panig ng kalingkingan, at mahirap itong ituwid nang kusa mula sa nakabaluktot na posisyon, bagaman kapag dahan-dahang itinuwid ito ng ibang tao para sa iyo, maaari itong manatiling tuwid.

Maraming tao ang unang nakararamdam nito pagkatapos sumuntok (sa isang bag, sa pader, o sa isang away), kung kaya't ang pinsala ay binansagang "boxer's knuckle." Ngunit maaari rin itong mangyari sa mas maliit na paggalaw, tulad ng puwersahang pag-pitik ng daliri nang tuwid, o maaari itong unti-unting lumitaw sa mga taong may inflammatory arthritis. Maaaring may masakit na pag-click o pag-catch sa tuwing ginagamit ang kamay.

Ano ang aktwal na nangyayari

Sa likod ng bawat knuckle, ang straightening (extensor) tendon ay tumatakbo pababa sa gitna ng daliri gaya ng isang cable sa isang groove. Ang mga manipis na sling ng tissue na tinatawag na sagittal bands ay nakapuwesto sa magkabilang panig at pinapanatili ang tendon na ito na nakasentro sa ibabaw ng knuckle. Ang sling sa panig ng thumb ang siyang mahalaga.

Kapag ang sling na iyon ay napunit o na-stretch (mula sa isang suntok, isang biglaang puwersadong paggalaw, o matagal nang pamamaga ng joint) ang tendon ay hindi na nananatili sa puwesto at nadudulas mula sa ibabaw ng knuckle patungo sa valley sa pagitan ng mga buto, papunta sa panig ng little-finger. Dahil ang tendon ay nakapuwesto na ngayon sa gilid sa halip na sa ibabaw, hindi nito mahila nang mahusay ang daliri upang maging tuwid mula sa isang fully bent position, at ito ay pumipitik (snaps) pabalik-balik habang gumagalaw ang daliri. Ang pagdudulas, pagpipitik, at panghihina ng pagtutuwid ang kabuuan ng problema sa madaling salita.

Ano ang maaari naming gawin tungkol dito

Sa aming klinika, pinamamahalaan ni Dr Kieran Hirpara ang kondisyong ito sa pamamagitan ng pagkumpirma muna ng diagnosis gamit ang isang masusing pagsusuri at imaging kung kinakailangan. Para sa bagong pinsala, karaniwan kaming nagsisimula sa splinting, at isinasaalang-alang ang operasyon kapag patuloy na dumudulas ang tendon o kapag matagal na ang pinsala.

Ang mabuting balita ay kung maagang matutukoy, madalas itong gumagaling nang walang operasyon. Ang susi ay pigilan ang pag-slip ng tendon habang kinukumpuni ng sling ang sarili nito.

Splinting (non-surgical). Ang pinakakaraniwang gamot ay isang maliit at custom na splint na pumipigil sa napinsalang knuckle na masyadong mabaluktot habang hinahayaan ang ibang mga daliri, at ang mga joint ng daliri na mas malayo, na gumalaw nang normal. Isang mahusay na bersyon, na kung minsan ay tinatawag na relative-motion o "yoke" splint, ay pinapanatili lamang ang napinsalang daliri na bahagyang mas mataas kaysa sa mga katabi nito, na nagpapanatili sa tendon na nasa gitna habang patuloy mong ginagamit ang kamay. Ang splint ay karaniwang isinusuot sa loob ng humigit-kumulang anim hanggang walong linggo. Kapag sinimulan sa loob ng unang ilang linggo ng pinsala, epektibo ito para sa karamihan ng mga tao.

Operasyon. Kung luma na ang pinsala sa oras na masuri, kung hindi ito naayos ng splint, o kung ang tendon ay ganap nang nadidislokate, maaaring itama ng operasyon ang mga bagay-bagay. Maaaring kumpunihin ng surgeon ang napunit na sling nang direkta o muling buuin ito gamit ang isang kalapit na strip ng tendon upang muling malikha ang sling at maibalik ang tendon sa gitna ng knuckle. Pagkatapos ng operasyon, ang daliri ay pinoprotektahan sa isang splint sa loob ng isang panahon habang ito ay gumagaling.

Ano ang aasahan

Para sa mga maagang pinsala na ginagamot sa pamamagitan ng splint, mabuti ang outlook: humuhupa ang snapping, muling naitutuwid nang normal ang daliri, at karamihan sa mga tao ay nakakabalik sa buong paggamit ng kamay. Nangangailangan ito ng pasensya: ang splint ay isinusuot sa loob ng ilang linggo, at ang sobrang pagpilit sa kamay nang masyadong maaga ay maaaring maging sanhi ng muling pag-slip ng tendon bago pa gumaling ang sling.

Para sa mga pinsala na nangangailangan ng operasyon (karaniwan ay ang mga mas luma o mas malala), ang repair o reconstruction ay karaniwang maaasahan sa pagpigil ng dislocation at pagbabalik ng swabeng paggalaw, na sinusundan ng panahon ng splinting at hand therapy upang muling mabuo ang motion at lakas. Ang mga boxer, martial artist at iba pang atleta ay karaniwang nakakabalik sa kanilang sport, ngunit kailangan muna ng kamay ng sapat na oras upang gumaling nang maayos upang maiwasan ang muling pagbalik ng problema.

Kailan dapat magpatingin

  • Isang knuckle na pumipitik, kumiklik, o sumasabit kapag ibinabaluktot at itinuwid ang daliri, lalo na pagkatapos ng isang suntok o puwersadong paggalaw: ipasuri ito nang maaga, dahil ang maagang paglalagay ng splint ang nagbibigay ng pagkakaiba.
  • Hirap sa pagtuwid ng daliri nang mag-isa mula sa nakabaluktot na posisyon, o ang paglihis ng daliri patungo sa panig ng kalingkingan.
  • Patuloy na pananakit at pamamaga sa ibabaw ng knuckle na hindi humuhupa, o isang pakiramdam na ang tendon ay "wala sa lugar."
  • Isang pinsala sa knuckle sa isang boxer o martial artist: ang mga pinsalang ito ay madaling ipagpatuloy kahit may sakit at madaling makaligtaan, at mas bumubuti ang resulta kapag ginamot nang mas maaga kaysa huli na.

Higit pang detalye

Advanced reading: the deeper science (optional)

Ang seksyong ito ay higit pa sa kailangan mo para sa iyong sariling mga desisyon sa paggamot. Ang pinsala sa sagittal band ay karapat-dapat sa karagdagang pagbabasa dahil ito ang problema sa extensor na pinakamadalas na hindi napapansin, ang tendon ay hindi napunit, kundi gumalaw lamang, at dahil ang maagang paglalagay ng splint ang nagtatakda kung kakailanganin ba ng operasyon.

Walang napunit; mayroong nadulas

Ang extensor tendon ay tumatakbo pababa sa likod ng daliri sa ibabaw ng knuckle, na pinapanatili sa gitna ng isang manipis na hood ng tissue sa magkabilang panig, ang mga sagittal band. Kapag bumigay ang radial band, ang tendon ay dumudulas patungo sa valley sa pagitan ng mga knuckle.

Ang mga kahihinatnan ay direktang sumusunod mula sa mekanikang iyon. Ang daliri ay maaaring mapanatiling diretso kapag may ibang nagdiretso nito, dahil ang isang tendon na nasa valley ay maaari pa ring humawak ng extended position, ngunit hindi ito maaaring aktibong ituwid mula sa nakabaluktot na posisyon, dahil ang nadisplace na tendon ay nawalan na ng line of pull nito. Ang pagkakaibang iyon, sa pagitan ng passive at active extension, ang naghihiwalay sa pinsalang ito mula sa isang tendon rupture, at ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang kamay na nakabukas sa mesa ay maaaring magmukhang ganap na normal.

Ang mga klasikong sanhi ay isang flicking o forced-flexion injury sa isang direktong daliri, isang direktang blow sa ibabaw ng knuckle, ang boxer's presentation, at, kahit walang anumang pinsala, rheumatoid arthritis, kung saan ang hood ay numinipis sa paglipas ng panahon at ang mga tendon ay gumagalaw patungo sa kalingkingan.

Gumagana ang splinting kung ito ay sinimulan nang maaga

Ang ebidensya ng paggamot ay qualitative sa halip na numerical, at ito ay malinaw na nagtuturo. Ang mga acute sagittal band injury ay maaaring matagumpay na magamot sa pamamagitan ng pag-splint sa napinsalang daliri sa neutral o hyperextension, habang ang mga pasyenteng may chronic injuries, o yaong mga hindi tumugon sa non-operative management, ay maaaring makinabang mula sa surgical exploration [1].

Ang posisyon ng splinting ang partikular na bahagi. Ang isang relative-motion o yoke splint ay humahawak sa napinsalang daliri nang bahagyang mas extended kaysa sa mga katabi nito, na nagbabawas ng tensyon sa naghihilom na band habang pinapayagan ang paggamit ng kamay, isang hindi pangkaraniwang tolerable na anyo ng immobilisation, at isang dahilan kung bakit ang compliance ay karaniwang mabuti.

Ang dahilan kung bakit kritikal ang timing ay dahil ito ay isang soft-tissue injury na naghihilom sa pamamagitan ng scar. Kapag na-splint nang maaga, ang band ay maaaring humilom sa haba na humahawak sa tendon nang sentral. Kapag hinayaan ng ilang buwan, humihilom ito nang elongated, patuloy na nag-susubluxate ang tendon, at ang reconstruction sa halip na healing ang nagiging natitirang opsyon.

Bakit nirerebisa ang klasipikasyon sa halip na itinakda na

Ang mga kontemporaryong pag-aaral ay nakatuon sa pagpapahusay kung paano ginagraduhan ang mga pinsalang ito, na may iminumungkahing modipikasyon sa pinakalaganap na sistema ng klasipikasyon upang gabayan ang paggamot at i-standardise ang paglalarawan [2]. Sinasalamin nito ang kalagayan ng larangan: ang mga paggamot ay may sapat na kasunduan, ngunit kung aling pinsala ang kabilang sa aling kategorya, at kung sino ang nangangailangan ng operasyon, ay kasalukuyan pa ring pinag-aaralan.

Sa praktikal na aspekto, nangangahulugan ito na ang bigat ng isang rekomendasyon dito ay mas nakadepende sa mga natuklasan sa pagsusuri kaysa sa grado. Ang desisyon ay nakabatay sa kung ang tendon ay aktibong nag-su-subluxate kapag nakabaluktot ang daliri, at kung gaano na ito katagal nang nangyayari.

Bahagi ito ng isang pamilya ng mga pinsala na madaling mapagkamalan

Ang sagittal band injury ay isa sa tatlong closed extensor mechanism injuries na binibigyang-kahulugan base sa kung saan nangyari ang pagkasira, mallet sa dulo ng daliri, boutonnière sa gitnang joint, at sagittal band sa knuckle [3]. Ang bawat isa ay nangangailangan ng magkakaibang posisyon ng splinting, at ang namamagang daliri sa simula pagkatapos ng pinsala ay maaaring magpakita nang hindi malinaw. Dahil ang treatment window para sa sagittal band ay nagsasara habang gumagaling ang tissue nang matagal, ang mabilis na pagtukoy sa mga ito ay mas mahalaga rito kaysa sa dalawa pang pinsala.

Mga Sanggunian

[1] Wu K, Masschelein G, Suh N. Treatment of sagittal band injuries and extensor tendon subluxation: a systematic review. Hand (N Y). 2020;16(6):854-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558944719895622

[2] Sivakumar B, Graham DJ, Hile M, Lawson R. Sagittal band injuries: a review and modification of the classification system. J Hand Surg Am. 2022;47(1):69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.09.011

[3] Lin JD, Strauch RJ. Closed soft tissue extensor mechanism injuries (mallet, boutonniere, and sagittal band). J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(5):1005-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.11.018


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