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Pagkumpuni ng Rotator Cuff

Staged rehabilitation protocol after rotator cuff repair at Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, with the early exercise program.

Updated Jun 2026
Illustrasyon ng isang naputol na tendon ng rotator cuff na nahihila palayo sa itaas na bahagi ng buto ng itaas na braso.
Isang sugat sa rotator cuff, kung saan ang tendon ay nahiwalay sa ulo ng buto ng itaas na braso. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang protocol na ito ay gabay sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng pagkumpuni ng rotator cuff kay Dr. Kieran Hirpara sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Kasama nito ang simpleng paliwanag sa bawat yugto at isang estrukturadong programa na maaari mong ibahagi sa iyong pisyoterapeuta; dalhin ang pahinang ito o ang PDF nito sa iyong unang pagpupulong upang manatiling koordinado ang iyong rehabilitasyon. Maaaring baguhin ng iyong pisyoterapeuta ang plano depende sa pag-unlad ng iyong paggaling.

Kung mayroon kang anumang alalahanin tungkol sa iyong sugat pagkatapos ng operasyon, makipag-ugnayan sa opisina. Karaniwang makakatulong na kumuha ng litrato ng sugat at ipadala ito sa pamamagitan ng email para sa pagsusuri.

Ano ang inaasahan

Ang pagkukumpuni ng rotator cuff ay muling nagdudugtong ng naputol na tendon sa buto, at ang biyolohikal na pagdudugtong na ito ang pinoprotektahan ng buong programang ito. Malambot pa ang pagkukumpuni sa loob ng anim na linggo at patuloy itong nagsasama at nagninibago sa loob ng maraming buwan: sa mga pag-aaral tungkol sa paggaling, mayroon itong humigit-kumulang isang kwatro ng kanyang normal na lakas sa anim na linggo, humigit-kumulang kalahati sa labindalawang linggo, at hindi ito umaabot sa buong lakas hanggang sa hindi bababa sa anim na buwan. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit dahan-dahan o yugto-yugto ang pagbabalik ng galaw at pagdadagdag ng bigat, imbes na sabay-sabay.

Maaaring magtulak nang maaga, ngunit ang ebidensya ay nagbibigay ng katiwasayan. Para sa karaniwang mas maliit at katamtamang laki ng mga putol, ang anumang dagdag na saklaw ng galaw na makuha mula sa maagang paggalaw ay pansamantala lamang, at sa loob ng isang taon, walang pagkakaiba sa pag-umpisa nang maaga at pag-umpisa nang medyo huli. Ang pagiging matiyaga sa unang mga linggo ay walang bayad sa mahabang panahon, at pinoprotektahan nito ang pagkukumpuni kapag ito ay pinakamahina. Mayroon ding mahusay na ebidensya na ang pag-umpisa ng agresibong terapiya sa unang linggo ay mas nakakasama kaysa nakakatulong, kaya ang mga unang linggo ay disenyadong maging banayad.

Ang pinaka-mabisang bagay na maaari mong gawin para sa iyong balikat ay ang protektahan ang pagkukumpuni nang maaga. Karamihan sa mga muling pagputol ay nangyayari sa unang tatlo hanggang anim na buwan, at ang mga pasyente na hindi sumusunod sa mga maagang restriksyon ay mas malamang na magkaroon ng muling pagputol. Ang pagsunod sa protokolo ay mas mahalaga kaysa sa anumang ehersisyo.

Ang mga pagkukumpuni ng rotator cuff ay madalas na pinagsasama sa iba pang mga proseso sa parehong operasyon: karamihan sa mga kaso ay subacromial decompression, pag-aalis ng distal clavicle, biceps tenodesis, o paglabas ng suprascapular nerve. Kapaganang nangyari ito, ang protokolong ito ang namamahala sa buong paggaling: ang tinukoy na tendon ang pinakamabagal na bahagi na gumagaling, at ang kanyang timeline ang nagtatakda ng bilis.

Ang iyong timeline ay nakadepende sa laki ng putol na inayos. Ito ang pinakamalaking bagay na nagtatakda ng bilis, dahil ang mga mas malaking putol ay mas mabagal na gumagaling at mas malamang na magkaroon ng muling pagputol. Ipapaliwanag ni Dr. Hirpara kung aling grupo ang kabilang ang iyong pagkukumpuni, at hinahati ng pahina ang programa sa dalawang malinaw na nakalabel na landas sa ibaba:

  • Maliit / katamtamang laki ng mga putol: isa o dalawang tendon, magandang kalidad ng tisyu.
  • Malaki / malalaking putol: mas malalaking putol, dalawa o higit pang mga tendon, o mas mahinang kalidad ng tisyu. Pareho ang mga hakbang, ngunit pinahabang oras at mas maingat na pag-unlad: ang protektadong galaw ay pinapanatili nang mas matagal, ang aktibong paggalaw ay bumabalik nang huli, at ang pagpapalakas ay pinapabagal.

Ang pagkakagawa

Ang iyong pag-aayos ng rotator cuff ay ginagawa sa pamamagitan ng arthroscopy (keyhole), o minsan sa pamamagitan ng maliit na bukas na incision. Ang naputol na tendon ay muling idinidikit sa kanyang bony footprint sa itaas na bahagi ng upper arm bone, at ang layunin ng rehabilitation ay protektahan ang pagkakadikit habang ito ay gumagaling, pagkatapos ay unti-unting muling itayo ang buong galaw, lakas, at function.

Pagsuot ng iyong sling

Susuot ka ng simpleng shoulder sling, hindi abduction-pillow sling. Walang ebidensyang nagpapakita ng pagkakaiba sa mga resulta ng dalawa, at mas madaling gamitin ang simpleng sling. Si Dr. Hirpara ay gumagamit ng simpleng sling sa lahat ng cuff repair, kabilang ang malalaking tear at malalaking tear.

  • Suot ang sling sa loob ng 6 linggo para sa suporta sa araw, lalo na kapag nasa labas ng bahay o kasama ang iba.
  • Hindi ka matutulog sa sling. Ito ay para sa suporta sa araw lamang; matulog nang walang sling, na may komportableng posisyon ng iyong braso na sinusuportahan ng unan.
  • Bawasan ito para sa pagpapaligo at sa iyong mga ehersisyo (pagkatapos ipakita kung paano). Kapag walang sling, panatilihin ang iyong braso na nakarelaks at nasa gilid ng iyong katawan.
  • Gumamit ng yelo kung ang balikat ay namamaga o masakit, lalo na pagkatapos ng ehersisyo.
  • Para sa pagpapagaan ng sakit, uminom ng regular na paracetamol kasama ang anti-inflammatory (tulad ng ibuprofen) maliban na lang kung may ibinigay na utos, ayon sa pagmamana ng post-operative pain. Ang isang dose bago ang iyong mga ehersisyo ay nakakatulong.

Bantayan ang iyong postura habang gumagamit ng sling: panatilihin ang iyong mga tainga, balikat, at hita na naka-align at iwasan ang pag-ukol. Ang mabuting postura ay nagpoprotekta sa iyong likod at tumutulong na maiwasan ang pagiging matigas ng balikat.

Mahahalagang paalala — huwag gawin

  • HUWAG gumalaw ng balikat gamit ang sarili nitong lakas hanggang sa mga 6 linggo (20% lamang ng normal na lakas ang mayroon ang pagkakaayos sa ika-4 na linggo).
  • HUWAG magbitbit, itulak, hilahin, o magbigay ng bigat sa pamamagitan ng kamay o braso sa loob ng 6 linggo.
  • HUWAG paikutin ang braso palabas nang higit sa tuwid na posisyon (neutral) sa maagang yugto.
  • Kung ang tendon sa harap (subscapularis) ay naayos: panatilihin ang aktibong pag-ikot palabas sa loob ng mga 30° sa unang 12 linggo, at huwag aktibong paikutin ang braso papaloob (laban sa resistensya) sa panahong iyon; ito ay nagpoprotekta sa pagkakaayos sa harap. Ipapaliwanag ng iyong doktor kung ito ay aplikable sa iyo.
  • HUWAG gumawa ng "empty-can" (hinuhupang hinila ang hinlalaki pababa) na pagtaas. Saanman.
  • HUWAG umabot sa likod ng iyong likod sa maagang yugto, at iwasan ang anumang biglaang hatak o tulak.
  • HUWAG magmaneho habang kailangan ang sling (6 linggo).

Maliit / katamtamang sugat

Ito ang landas para sa mga sugat ng isang o dalawang tendon na may magandang tissue. Kung may phase na may bilang ng linggo, ito ang iyong oras.

Maliit hanggang katamtamang laki ng mga sugat — Yugto I: Proteksyon (linggo 0–6)

Ang unang anim na linggo ay tungkol sa isang bagay: protektahan ang pagkakaayos habang ang tendon ay nagsisimulang gumaling at dumikit sa buto. Mananatili ka sa simpleng sling para sa suporta sa araw, matutulog nang walang sling, pamahalaan ang pamamaga gamit ang yelo, at gumawa ng mga banayad na ehersisyo na pinapanatili ang paggalaw ng iyong kamay, pulso, siko, at leeg hindi nagbibigay ng bigat sa repaired na tendon. Ang iyong pisyoterapeuta (o ikaw, na may tulong ng iyong maayos na braso) ay banayad na gumagalaw sa balikat para sa iyo; manatiling ganap na relaks ka.

  • Sling: simpleng sling para sa suporta sa araw; matutulog WALANG sling; alisin para sa mga ehersisyo at kalinisan.
  • Pinapayabang na galaw: tulong at pasibong galaw lamang; walang ginagawa gamit ang sariling lakas ng balikat. Ang iyong maayos na braso o isang baston ang gagawa ng trabaho. Unti-unting pagbuo ng tulong na pagtaas pasulong patungo sa humigit-kumulang 90° (kalahati ng taas) sa maagang yugto, at tulong na panlabas na pag-ikot lamang hanggang sa tuwid na harap (neutral) na posisyon.
  • Mga ehersisyo: mga pag-ikot ng pendulum; tulong na pagtaas pasulong habang nakahiga; braso na nakapaloob sa gilid; tulong na panlabas na pag-ikot hanggang neutral; banayad na paggalaw ng kamay, pulso, at siko; mga ehersisyo ng balikat-blade at leeg.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugto kapag: ang iyong sakit ay humuhupa at kontrolado na gamit ang simplang gamot pang-alis ng sakit (humigit-kumulang 3/10 o mas mababa); ang tulong na pagtaas pasulong ay umabot na sa humigit-kumulang 90° nang komportable; ang tulong na panlabas na pag-ikot ay umabot na sa neutral na posisyon nang komportable; ang iyong sugat ay gumaling na nang walang mga senyales ng problema; at walang senyales na ang pagkakaayos ay sobrang bigatan.

Maliit hanggang katamtamang laki ng mga sugat — Yugto II: Pagbawi ng galaw (linggo 6–12)

Ang pagkukumpuni ay gumagaling ngunit nananatiling mahina, na may timbang na lamang humigit-kumulang 20–30% ng normal na lakas sa loob ng anim na linggo. Kaya ang yugtong ito ay nagbabawi ng galaw, hindi lakas. Ang sling ay nakaalis na. Unahan mo ang paglipat mula sa tulong na paggalaw patungo sa paggalaw ng braso gamit ang sarili mong lakas, nagsisimula sa madaling posisyon (nakahiga, o dumudulas sa ibabaw ng mesa kung saan tinatanggal ang epekto ng gravity) at unti-unting umuunlad patungo sa tuwid na posisyon. Magdagdag ng magaan na pagsasanay sa pag-activate ng kalamnan (isometric) sa huling bahagi ng yugto.

  • Sling: tinatanggal (malaki na ang natanggal sa loob ng linggo 4–6).
  • Pinapayabang na paggalaw: buong tulong na paggalaw, unti-unting umuunlad patungo sa paggalaw gamit ang sarili mong lakas mula sa humigit-kumulang linggo 6. Itayo ang tulong/aktibong pagtaas pasulong patungo sa humigit-kumulang 120° at higit pa.
  • Mga ehersisyo: tulong na pagtaas pasulong habang nakahiga; tulong na panlabas na pag-ikot gamit ang baston; pagdudulas sa mesa habang nakaupo; pulley sa pinto; magaan na isometric (pindutin at hawakan) panlabas na pag-ikot, panloob na pag-ikot, at abduksyon mula sa humigit-kumulang linggo 8; paghahabog sa ibabaw ng katawan sa huling bahagi ng yugto (pagkatapos ng linggo 9).

Handa na para sa susunod na yugto kapag: kayang itaas ang braso pasulong gamit ang sarili mong lakas hanggang sa humigit-kumulang 115–120° na may mahusay na kontrol (walang pag-angat o pag-ikot ng scapula); ang tulong/pasibong paggalaw ay buo o halos buo at walang sakit; tinatanggap ang magaan na isometrika nang walang pagtaas ng sakit pagkatapos; at ang sakit ay hindi hihigit sa humigit-kumulang 2/10 bago magsimula ang resistadong trabaho.

Maliit hanggang katamtamang sukat na luha — Yugto III: Pagpapalakas (linggo 12–16)

Dito pinakamabilis hinahabi ang pagkakaayos, at ang pokus ay lumilipat mula sa pagbawi ng galaw patungo sa pagbuo ng lakas, katatagan, at kontrol. Ang mga ehersisyong may resistensya gamit ang magaan na bands at magaan na bigat ay nagsisimula mula sa mga linggo 12: mataas na bilang ng paulit-ulit, mababang bigat. Ang pangunahing alituntunin ay isa lang na plano sa isang oras: ikaw ay nagpapalakas lamang sa isang direksyon kapag mayroon ka nang halos buo at komportableng galaw sa direksyong iyon. Laging itaas ang hinlalaki kapag nagtatayo, huwag ibaba.

  • Sling: wala; inaasahan ang buong galaw.
  • Mga ehersisyo: band external rotation sa taas ng balikat; internal rotation gamit ang stick; full-can lift; low row (pag-aayos ng balikat); resistance-band rows; sleeper stretch. Maaari ding dagdagan ng iyong pisyoterapeuta ang rhythmic stabilisation (banayad na paghawak at pagtitiyaga na mga drill kung saan bahagyang tinutulak ng therapist ang iyong braso at ikaw ay lumalaban) upang muling ituro ang kontrol; ito ay hands-on na trabaho na walang diagram.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugto kapag: mayroon ka nang buo, walang sakit na galaw gamit ang sarili mong kapangyarihan na may kontrol sa balikat; walang sakit o pamamaga pagkatapos ng mga sesyon ng pagpapalakas; komportableng resisted lifting sa plano ng balikat; at pagtaas ng lakas ng pag-ikot patungo sa kabilang panig (humigit-kumulang 80% sa banayad na pagsusuri; ang buong pagsusuri ng lakas ay hinihintay hanggang sa mas huli).

Maliit hanggang katamtamang laki ng mga sugat — Yugto IV: Pagbabalik sa isports at trabaho (linggo 16–24)

Ang yugtong ito ay ang tulay patungo sa isang ganap na gumagana na balikat, kasunod ng unti-unting pagbabalik sa isports at mas mabibigat na trabaho. Pinapanatili mo ang saklaw ng galaw na nakuha mo at binubuo ang lakas, kapangyarihan, at tibay upang gamitin ito nang may kumpiyansa: pag-abot, pagdadala, at pagtatrabaho sa itaas ng ulo. Ang pagbabalik ay isinasagawa nang yugto-yugto, hindi biglaan; para sa isports, ang isang programa na may interval na unti-unting nagpapataas ng dami at intensity ang pinakaligtas na paraan ng pagbabalik.

  • Sling: wala.
  • Mga ehersisyo: full-can lift na may magaan, unti-unting tumataas na timbang; kondisyon para sa partikular na isports at trabaho, progressive loading, at kontroladong mga drill na may mas mataas na bilis (plyometric) sa huling bahagi ng yugto kung angkop.

Handa na para bumalik kapag: ang lakas ng iyong pag-ikot ay hindi bababa sa 85–90% ng kabilang bahagi; mayroon kang buo, walang sakit na galaw na walang reaktibong pamamaga sa ilalim ng mas mabigat na karga; at nakapasa ka sa mga pagsusuri na partikular sa gawain para sa iyong isports o trabaho. Ang pagbabalik sa isports o mabibigat na trabaho ay karaniwang nasa paligid ng 4–6 buwan, batay sa pagtupad sa mga kriteryong ito at sa pahintulot ni Dr. Hirpara at ng iyong pisyoterapeuta, hindi lamang sa kalendaryo.

Malalaki / malalaking sugat

Ito ang landas para sa mas malalaking sugat (dalawa o higit pang tendon, o mas mahinang kalidad ng tisyu). Pareho ang mga yugto, ngunit bawat isa ay pinapanatili nang mas matagal at mas maingat na pinapahusay upang suportahan ang paggaling. May ilang mga doktor na sinasadyang nag-aantala ng pormal na terapiya sa grupo na ito; sundin ang tiyak na instruksyon na ibinibigay ni Dr. Hirpara sa iyo. Ang sling ay nananatiling simpleng sling, walang abduction pillow, kahit para sa malalaki o malalaking sugat.

Malalaking tear — Yugto I: Proteksyon (linggo 0–6)

Gaya ng sa maliit/sukat na track, ngunit ang paggalaw ay mahigpit na protektado at mas mabagal ang pag-unlad. Ang iyong physiotherapist o ang iyong mahusay na braso ang gumagalaw sa balikat para sa iyo; manatiling nakarelaks ka. Sa grupo na ito, minsan ay pinapabagal ang pormal na terapiya upang suportahan ang paggaling.

  • Sling: simpleng sling para sa suporta sa araw; matulog NG WALANG sling; alisin para sa mga ehersisyo at kalinisan.
  • Pinapayabang na paggalaw: protektadong pasibong paggalaw lamang, hanggang sa limit na itatakda ni Dr. Hirpara; karaniwang mas kaunting range kaysa sa maliit/sukat na track.
  • Mga ehersisyo: pendulum swings; banayad na protektadong assisted movement ayon sa direksyon; paggalaw ng kamay, pulso, at siko; pagtatakda ng shoulder-blade.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugto kapag: kontrolado na ang iyong sakit; walang senyales na sobrang stress ang repair; at itinatanggol ka ni Dr. Hirpara na magpatuloy (ang grupo na ito ay individualized; huwag mag-advance sa kalendaryo lamang).

Malalaking-massive na sugat — Yugto II: Pagbabalik ng galaw (linggo 6–12)

Tinatanggal ang sling sa paligid ng linggo 6, ngunit ipinakilala ang aktibong paggalaw gamit ang sariling lakas mas maaga at mas indibidwal kumpara sa maliit/katamtamang track, upang mas maprotektahan ang pagkakaayos nang mas matagal. Ang pagsasanay ng cuff na may resistensya ay disenyadong pinipigilan.

  • Sling: binabawasan sa paligid ng linggo 6.
  • Pinapayagang galaw: tulong-galaw na umaabot sa paggalaw gamit ang sariling lakas mas maaga kaysa sa maliit/katamtamang track; ang eksaktong oras ay itatakda ng iyong pisioterapeuta batay sa iyong paggaling.
  • Mga ehersisyo: ang mga parehong drill ng maliit/katamtamang Yugto II (tulong-angat pasulong, tulong-panlabas na pag-ikot gamit ang baston, table slide, over-door pulley), ngunit mas mabagal ang pag-unlad; ang pagsasanay ng cuff na may resistensya ay pinapahintulutan lamang.

Handa para sa susunod na yugto kapag: ang iyong paggalaw gamit ang sariling lakas ay patuloy na umuunlad; ang tulong/pasibong paggalaw ay kumpleto; mayroon kang mahusay na kontrol sa balikat; at ang iyong koponan ay nasisiyahan na ang pagkakaayos ay sapat na gumagaling upang magsimula ang pag-load.

Malalaking-massive na sugat — Yugto III: Pagpapalakas (mula mga linggo 16)

Ang pagpapalakas ay itinatagal hanggang mga linggo 16 imbes na linggo 12, dahil mas matagal ang pagtanda ng mas malaking pagkumpuni. Mula rito, ang pag-unlad ay pareho sa yugto ng pagpapalakas para sa maliit/katamtaman na sugat: magaan na mga banda at timbang, mataas na paulit-ulit, mababang karga, isa-isang plano, palaging hinahawakan ang hinlalaki pataas.

  • Sling: wala; inaasahang buong galaw.
  • Mga ehersisyo: gaya ng yugto ng pagpapalakas para sa maliit/katamtaman na sugat (panlabas na pag-ikot ng banda, panloob na pag-ikot gamit ang baston, buong-can lift, mababang row, band rows, sleeper stretch), nagsimula nang mas huli at unti-unting binuo. Ang rhythmic stabilisation (mga drill na hawak-tayo-tayo) ay maaaring idagdag habang umuunlad ang kontrol.

Handa para sa susunod na yugto kapag: mayroon kang buong, walang sakit na galaw sa sarili mong kapangyarihan; walang sakit o pamamaga pagkatapos ng pagpapalakas; at umuunlad ang iyong lakas nang pantay kumpara sa kabilang panig.

Malalaking-massive na sugat — Yugto IV: Pagbabalik sa isport at trabaho (6 buwan pataas)

Ang pagbabalik sa isport at mabibigat na trabaho ay mas huli para sa malalaki at massive na sugat, karaniwang anim na buwan o higit pa, at madalas na mas matagal, na may mas mabagal at mas mababang rate ng pagbabalik. Ang pagbuo ay parehong yugto-yugto at batay sa mga pamantayan na paraan tulad ng maliit/katamtaman na track.

  • Sling: wala.
  • Mga ehersisyo: progressive na pag-load at kondisyon na espesipiko sa isport o trabaho, unti-unting pagtaas.

Handa na para bumalik kapag: parehong si Dr. Hirpara at ang iyong physical therapist ang nagbibigay ng clearance; ang lakas ng iyong rotation ay hindi bababa sa 85% ng kabilang panig; at mayroon kang buo, walang sakit na galaw at endurance na walang reactive na pamamaga sa ilalim ng load. Inaasahan ang anim na buwan o higit pa (madalas na mas matagal) at batay ang desisyon sa pagtupad sa mga pamantayang ito, hindi sa kalendaryo.

Pagbabalik sa isports at trabaho

Para sa lahat ng pag-aayos, ang pagbabalik ay batay sa mga pamantayan (walang sakit, may sapat na saklaw ng galaw, lakas, at tibay) at pinatutunayan ng parehong Dr Hirpara at ng iyong pisyikal na terapeuta, hindi lamang nakadepende sa kalendaryo.

  • Maliit / katamtamang luha: maaaring magtrabaho nang nakadapo sa loob ng ilang linggo; mas mabigat na pagsasanay ng lakas mula 12–16 linggo; pagbabalik sa isports o mabigat na trabaho mula sa humigit-kumulang 4–6 buwan.
  • Malalaki / malalakas na luha: 6 buwan o higit pa, madalas na mas mahaba, na may mas mabagal at mas maingat na pagbuo.

Para sa mga isports na nangangailangan ng pagtaas ng kamay sa itaas ng ulo at pagtatapon, kumpletuhin ang isang gradwal na interval na programa bago ang walang limitasyong paglalaro. Ang buong (maksimal) pagsubok ng lakas ay isinasara hanggang 9–12 buwan pagkatapos ng operasyon.

Ang mga maagang ehersisyo

Ito ang mga banayad na ehersisyo para sa maagang yugto (pagprotekta), na nagsisimula sa ospital at patuloy sa bahay, ginagawa habang ang iyong na-opera na braso ay walang nakasaksak sa sling at ang iyong mga kalamnan ng balikat ay nakarelaks. Simulan ang mga ito ayon sa gabay ng iyong pisyoterapeuta, at itigil ang anumang nagdudulot ng matulis na sakit sa balikat. Makikita ang mga ito sa ilalim ng bawat track sa Phase I sa itaas.

Pagkatapos ng iyong protocol

Ang protocol na ito ay nagtatrabaho kasama ng pangkalahatang payo sa paggaling ng klinika; tingnan ang pamamahala ng post-operative na sakit at pag-aalaga sa sugat. Para sa operasyon mismo, tingnan ang pagkumpuni ng rotator cuff.


Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Rotator Cuff Repair — Best-Evidence Rehabilitation Protocol

Scope: arthroscopic (and mini-open) rotator cuff repair (RCR). Two evidence sources combined: (1) local RAG corpus of 180,000+ Orthopaedic articles (citations below carry the journal/year), and (2) authoritative published institutional rehabilitation protocols (URLs below).

Each claim is flagged [STRONG] (RCT / meta-analysis / systematic review) or [CONSENSUS] (institutional protocol, narrative review, expert opinion) where relevant.


1. Consensus phased timeline (small/medium, "standard" 1–2 tendon repair)

Synthesised primarily from the Brigham & Women's Hospital (BWH) Arthroscopic RCR protocol and the BWH Standard of Care, cross-checked against the published institutional consensus. [CONSENSUS] for the exact week windows; [STRONG] that no specific week-by-week schedule is proven superior across all sizes (see controversies — Baumgarten 2009 Level I/II review; Chan 2014 meta-analysis).

Phase Weeks Sling ROM allowed Active ROM Strengthening Precautions
I — Passive motion / protective ("healing") 0–6 Sling + small abduction cushion worn at all times, including sleep; remove only for exercise/icing/hygiene. Weaned wks 4–6. PROM/AAROM only. Pendulums. Supine passive forward elevation to ~90–100°; passive ER (arm near side) to ~30°. Progress toward 120–140° FE / 30–60° ER by end of phase. None. No active shoulder motion (tendon ~20% of normal strength at 4 wks). Active elbow/wrist/hand OK (curls only if biceps not involved). Submaximal scapular + cuff setting; manual scapular work only. No resisted shoulder. No active abduction/elevation; no pushing off with the arm for 6 wks.
II — Active-assisted -> active ROM 6–12 Discontinued (weaned wks 4–6). Full PROM/AAROM to tolerance; supine->seated AAROM with cane/towel. AAROM starts ~6 wks; AROM starts ~6–8 wks (gravity-eliminated -> upright). Goal >115° active FE before Phase III. Begin light isotonic for deltoid, non-repaired cuff, scapula at ~10–12 wks (small tears); delayed to 16 wks for large/massive. Avoid empty-can raises ever; no straight-arm lateral raises; light waist-level use only early.
III — Strengthening 12–16 None. Should have full ROM with good stability. Full active use for ADLs; return to full work + modified recreation. Progressive cuff/scapular/deltoid strengthening; endurance/power. <=5 lb lifting; no sudden jerk/push; thumb-up (full-can) raises only.
IV — Return to sport/work prep 16–24 None. Maintain full ROM. Sport/work-specific conditioning, plyometrics, progressive weight program. Advanced/sport-specific strengthening. <=10 lb until cleared; no painful progressions.
Return to sport / heavy work >=4–6 months (often 6 mo; up to 12 mo for full recovery) Surgeon + therapist clearance; pain-free, adequate ROM + endurance.

Tendon-healing biology underpinning the schedule (BWH protocol): repair strength ~20% of normal at 4 wks, ~40% at 8 wks, ~60% at 12 wks, ~70% at 16 wks, ~80% at 32 wks — the rationale for no active motion before 6 wks and no strengthening before 12 wks. [CONSENSUS] (institutional, biologically grounded).


2. Small/medium vs large/massive tears (the key size distinction)

[STRONG] Tear size is the dominant modifier of healing/retear risk: weighted mean retear ~26.6% overall (Chamberlain/Namdari/Keener, What's New in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery, JBJS 2015), rising to ">90% in massive tears" (Hsu, Horneff, Gee, Immobilization After Rotator Cuff Repair, Orthop Clin North Am 2016). Retear correlates with larger tear size, advanced age, fatty infiltration.

Variable Small / medium (<3 cm, 1–2 tendons, good tissue) Large / massive (>3–5 cm, >=2 tendons, poor tissue)
Sling/immobilizer duration 4–6 wks 6 wks (commonly), abduction pillow; some delay PT to 6 wks to protect healing
PT start within first 6 wks may be delayed up to 6 wks to promote healing (BWH hybrid protocol)
Active ROM start ~6–8 wks later, individualised; protect repair longer
Strengthening start ~10–12 wks delayed to ~16 wks
Return to sport/heavy work 4–6 months >=6 months, frequently longer; lower/slower return

[STRONG] Review of online RCR protocols (Coda et al., Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2020): for large/massive tears, sling/immobilizer use ranged 4–10 wks, with the plurality (~55%) at 6 wks. [STRONG] Substantial between-protocol variability exists (Galetta et al., J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021, ACGME-program protocol survey; Coda 2020) — i.e., no single validated schedule; size-stratification is consensus-driven.

Return-to-work pooled data: [STRONG] Haunschild et al. (Am J Sports Med 2021) systematic review/meta-analysis quantifies return-to-work after primary RCR (timeline varies with job demand; heavy-labor return slower).


3. KEY CONTROVERSY — Early vs Delayed (immobilization) passive motion after arthroscopic RCR

This is the central evidence debate. Two competing concerns: early PROM reduces post-op stiffness; delayed/immobilization may protect tendon-to-bone healing (reduce retear), especially in larger tears.

Evidence FOR early passive motion (less stiffness, no proven healing penalty in small/medium)

  • [STRONG] Keener et al. RCT — early vs delayed passive motion after arthroscopic repair of full-thickness tears, 114 patients, small-to-medium tears (cited in Braman/Neviaser/Parsons, What's New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, JBJS 2014): the landmark RCT in this debate; early motion improved early ROM without a clear healing penalty in this size class.
  • [STRONG] Mazzocca et al. RCT (Arthroscopy 2017): no difference between delayed and early motion in WORC scores, clinical outcomes, or structural failure at 6 months; both protocols equivalent on patient-reported outcomes.
  • [STRONG] Saltzman et al. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017) — systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses: early-motion protocols may give superior early ROM; differences trend toward equivalence by ~1 year.
  • [STRONG] Li et al. meta-analysis (Medicine 2018): early passive motion (EPM) gives superior ROM recovery, with the caveat below.

Evidence FOR delayed motion / immobilization (protect healing, lower retear in larger tears)

  • [STRONG] Chan et al. meta-analysis (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014): documents the shift toward delaying motion over healing concerns; early motion improves ROM but raises healing-integrity questions.
  • [STRONG] Li et al. meta-analysis (Medicine 2018): EPM "may adversely affect shoulder function" and "might result in lower rates of tendon healing in large-sized tears" — i.e., the early-motion benefit is size-dependent and may cost healing in big tears.
  • [STRONG] Gallagher et al. systematic review (Phys Sportsmed 2015): early aggressive rehab may compromise repair integrity; conclusions size/quality dependent.
  • [STRONG] Stillson et al. (J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022, large Medicare cohort): strong association between starting PT within 1 week post-op and increased revision/revision-surgery rates — the largest study to date on rehab timing; cautions against very early aggressive therapy.
  • Supporting basic-science: delayed early passive motion was harmless to cuff healing in animal models (rabbit model cited in Thigpen/Shaffer/Kissenberth, Clin Sports Med 2015, "Knowing the Speed Limit").

Current consensus

[STRONG/CONSENSUS] The meta-analytic bottom line (Mazzocca 2017 RCT; Saltzman 2017; Chan 2014): for small-to-medium tears, early and delayed PROM converge by ~6–12 months — timing is largely surgeon preference and does not change final outcome, so either is defensible. For large/massive tears (and poor tissue), the balance tips toward a delayed / protected approach to favor healing and lower retear (Li 2018; Hsu 2016), and very early (<1 wk) aggressive PT should be avoided (Stillson 2022). This is exactly the size-stratified pattern the BWH protocol encodes (delay PT/strengthening for large/massive). Note Cochrane-level certainty remains low — no protocol is proven superior on patient-important outcomes (Baumgarten 2009 Level I/II review found insufficient evidence for a single optimal protocol).


4. Practice shift to flag

  • Historical default = early passive motion (minimize stiffness). Over the last decade the field moved toward delaying/protecting motion in larger tears on healing grounds (Chan 2014; Li 2018), then partially back toward equipoise for small/medium tears as RCTs/meta-analyses showed equivalent final outcomes (Mazzocca 2017; Saltzman 2017).
  • Newest signal: avoid ultra-early (<1 week) PT regardless — associated with higher revision rates (Stillson 2022, Medicare cohort). Net current practice = size-stratified: standard 6-wk sling + passive-only phase, active ROM ~6–8 wks, strengthening ~12 wks for small/medium and ~16 wks for large/massive, RTS 4–6+ months.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus articles (title / journal / year)

  • Keener et al. — early vs delayed passive motion after arthroscopic full-thickness RCR (small–medium, n=114). Cited in Braman J, Neviaser A, Parsons B. What's New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. J Bone Joint Surg. 2014;96(20). [STRONG — RCT]
  • Mazzocca AD, Arciero RA, Shea KP, et al. The Effect of Early Range of Motion on Quality of Life, Clinical Outcome, and Repair Integrity After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy. 2017;33(6). [STRONG — RCT]
  • Chan K, MacDermid JC, Hoppe DJ, et al. Delayed versus early motion after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014. [STRONG — meta-analysis]
  • Saltzman BM, Zuke WA, Go B, et al. Does early motion lead to a higher failure rate or better outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? A systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(9):1681-1691. [STRONG]
  • Li S, Sun H, Luo X, et al. The clinical effect of rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (meta-analysis). Medicine. 2018. [STRONG — meta-analysis]
  • Gallagher BP, Bishop ME, Tjoumakaris FP, et al. Early versus delayed rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A systematic review. Phys Sportsmed. 2015. [STRONG]
  • Stillson QA, Sun JQ, Maninang M, et al. Effect of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Timing on Rotator Cuff Repair Revisions and Capsulitis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2022 (large Medicare cohort). [STRONG]
  • Baumgarten KM, Vidal AF, Wright RW. Rotator Cuff Repair Rehabilitation: A Level I and II Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2009 (insufficient evidence for a single optimal protocol). [STRONG]
  • Parsons BO, Gruson KI, Chen DD, et al. Does slower rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair lead to long-term stiffness? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(7):1034-1039. [moderate]
  • Thigpen CA, Shaffer MA, Kissenberth MJ. Knowing the Speed Limit. Clin Sports Med. 2015. [CONSENSUS/review]
  • Chamberlain AM, Namdari S, Keener JD. What's New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery? J Bone Joint Surg. 2015;97(20) (retear ~26.6%; predictors). [STRONG — pooled]
  • Hsu JE, Horneff JG, Gee AO. Immobilization After Rotator Cuff Repair. Orthop Clin North Am. 2016 (retear up to >90% massive). [CONSENSUS/review]
  • Coda RG, Cheema SG, Hermanns CA, et al. A Review of Online Rehabilitation Protocols Designated for Rotator Cuff Repairs. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2020;2(3) (sling 4–10 wks; ~55% at 6 wks for large/massive). [STRONG — protocol systematic review]
  • Galetta MD, Keller RE, Sabbag OD, et al. Rehabilitation variability after rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(6) (ACGME program protocol variability). [STRONG]
  • Haunschild ED, Gilat R, Lavoie-Gagne O, et al. Return to Work After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med. 2021. [STRONG]

Published institutional protocols (URLs)

  • Brigham & Women's Hospital — Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Protocol (hybrid patient/therapist; full phased timeline, tear-size stratification): https://www.brighamandwomens.org/assets/BWH/patients-and-families/rehabilitation-services/pdfs/shoulder-arthroscopic-rct-repair-protocol-hybrid-patient-therapist.pdf
  • Brigham & Women's Hospital — Standard of Care: Arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear (small/medium/large-massive protocol families; literature review): https://www.brighamandwomens.org/assets/BWH/patients-and-families/rehabilitation-services/pdfs/shoulder-rotator-cuff-repair-arthroscopic.pdf

Overall evidence grade: the biology-based phase structure is [CONSENSUS] (well-aligned across institutions). The early-vs-delayed motion question is supported by multiple [STRONG] RCTs and meta-analyses, which converge on equivalence for small/medium tears and a protect-healing tilt for large/massive — but Cochrane-level certainty for any single optimal schedule remains LOW.

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