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ECU Tendinopathy at Snapping ECU

Isang hand-drawn na ilustrasyon ng isang taong walang mukha na naglalaro ng two-handed backhand, kung saan ang bahagi ng leading wrist sa panig ng kalingkingan ay naka-highlight sa pula.
Ang ECU tendon ay tumatakbo sa isang mababaw na groove sa panig ng kalingkingan ng pulso, na pinapanatili sa puwesto ng sarili nitong sleeve. Nabibigatan ito sa pamamagitan ng paghawak habang ang pulso ay nakapihit patungo sa kalingkingan habang umiikot ang forearm — ang posisyong ipinapakita rito — kaya ang sakit ay nagmumula alinman sa pagkairita ng tendon, o mula sa pag-slide nito papasok at palabas ng groove nito. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang iyong nararamdaman

Ito ay pananakit sa bahagi ng likod ng iyong pulso sa panig ng kalingkingan — ang panig kung saan pinakamalapit ang strap ng iyong relo kung mababa ang pagkakasuot nito. Karaniwan itong pinakamalala kapag itinataas mo ang iyong palad at ibinabaluktot ang pulso patungo sa iyong kalingkingan, na eksaktong nangyayari sa isang tennis backhand, golf swing, o pagpiga ng basahan.

Mayroong dalawang bersyon ng problemang ito, at maraming tao ang nakakaranas ng kaunti sa dalawa.

Isang iritadong tendon. Ang pananakit ay isang mapurol na kirot (dull ache) sa kahabaan ng tendon, kung minsan ay may kasamang pamamaga na iyong nararamdaman, at masakit itong itulak pabalik ang pulso laban sa resistance. Karaniwan itong nabubuo sa loob ng ilang linggo dahil sa paulit-ulit na paggamit sa halip na magsimula sa isang iglap.

Isang tendon na dumudulas palabas ng groove nito. Dito ay makakaramdam ka ng isang malinaw na snap, click o clunk habang iniikot ang forearm — madalas ay isang bagay na kaya mong ipakita mismo, at madalas ay isang bagay na unang napansin pagkatapos ng isang partikular na insidente, tulad ng pagtama ng club sa lupa o isang malakas na backhand. Maaari itong magmukhang nakakaalarma, na tila mayroong bumibigay.

Ano ang aktwal na nangyayari

Ang tendon na sangkot ay ang extensor carpi ulnaris, na karaniwang pinaikli bilang ECU. Tumatakbo ito mula sa kalamnan sa iyong forearm pababa sa bahagi ng pulso sa panig ng kalingkingan, na nakapuwesto sa isang mababaw na groove sa dulo ng ulna — ang buto ng forearm sa panig na iyon. Isang maliit na sleeve ng tissue, ang sarili nitong pribadong tunnel, ang humahawak dito sa groove na iyon.

Ang groove na iyon ay tunay na mababaw, na may average na lalim na mga isang millimetre at kalahati lamang, kaya ang sleeve ang gumagawa ng malaking bahagi ng trabaho upang panatilihin ang tendon sa puwesto. Kung ang sleeve ay napunit o na-stretch — karaniwan ay dahil sa isang puwersahang pagpihit kung saan ang palad ay nakaharap sa itaas at ang pulso ay nakabaluktot — ang tendon ay maaaring umangat palabas ng groove at bumalik nang bigla (snap back). Kung sa halip ay ang tendon at ang lining nito ay nairita at kumapal mula sa paulit-ulit na loading, nagiging masakit ang pag-glide nito, na siyang bersyon ng tendinopathy.

Isang mahalagang bagay na dapat malaman, dahil binabago nito kung paano dapat i-interpret ang mga test: ang isang partikular na dami ng paggalaw ng tendon ay ganap na normal. Nang suriin ng mga researcher ang 755 katao na walang anumang sintomas sa pulso, mga 1 sa 15 ang may snapping ECU, at halos kalahati sa mga ito ay may tendon na kitang-kitang lumalabas sa groove nito sa ultrasound — nang walang sakit at walang problema. Ang isang snap sa sarili nito ay hindi patunay na mayroong mali.

Ano ang maaari nating gawin tungkol dito

Sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton, ibabase ni Dr Kieran Hirpara ang diagnosis pangunahin sa pagsusuri (examination) sa halip na sa scan, at mahalagang ipaliwanag kung bakit.

Kailangan ng maingat na interpretasyon ng mga scan dito. Sa isang pag-aaral ng higit sa 4,000 wrist MRI, ang mga pagbabago sa ECU tendon ay lumabas sa humigit-kumulang isa sa walong scan, kabilang ang mga taong sumasailalim sa scan para sa ibang bagay. Kung kukuha ka ng isang abnormal-looking na ECU sa MRI at itatanong kung gaano kadalas na ang taong iyon ay mayroon talagang problema sa ECU, ang sagot ay humigit-kumulang 6% lamang ng oras. Ang MRI ay tunay na kapaki-pakinabang para ma-rule out ang ibang mga sanhi ng sakit sa panig na iyon ng pulso — halimbawa, isang cartilage tear — ngunit ang marka sa tendon ay hindi sapat na sagot sa sarili nito. Ang ultrasound ay madalas na mas nakatutulong, dahil maaari naming mapanood ang paggalaw ng tendon sa real time habang ginagawa mo ang snap.

Karamihan sa mga tao ay gumagaling nang walang operasyon. Ang gamutan ay karaniwang nagsisimula sa pagbabago ng aktibidad na nag-uudyok dito at isang panahon ng paggamit ng splint o cast. Para sa isang tendon na dumudulas palabas ng groove nito, mahalaga ang posisyon: ang pulso ay karaniwang pinapanatili na ang forearm ay nakaharap ang palad pababa at ang pulso ay bahagyang nakatiklop pabalik, sa loob ng humigit-kumulang apat hanggang anim na linggo, dahil ito ang kabaligtaran ng posisyon na nagpapahintulot sa tendon na kumawala.

Ang steroid injection sa tendon sheath ay isang makatwirang susunod na hakbang para sa bersyong may iritasyon sa tendon. Sa pinakamahusay na pag-aaral na available, 13 pasyente na may kumpirmadong diagnosis ay nakaranas lahat ng ginhawa, 10 sa kanila ay kumpletong ginhawa, at wala nang nangailangan ng operasyon — kung saan karamihan ay komportable pa rin apat hanggang limang taon ang nakalipas. Isang kapaki-pakinabang na maagang senyales: kung ang unang injection ay ganap na nakapagpagaling, ito ay may tendensiyang magtagal. Kung ito ay kalahating gumana lamang, madalas itong nag-iiwan ng ilang natitirang kirot.

Nililimitahan namin ang mga injection sa maximum na humigit-kumulang tatlo, at mas maingat kami sa mga atleta sa throwing at racquet, dahil mayroong pag-aalala — hindi napatunayan ng mga numero, ngunit naiulat — na ang paulit-ulit na steroid sa paligid ng tendon na ito ay maaaring mag-ambag sa kalaunang pagkapunit nito.

Ang operasyon (Surgery) ay nakalaan para sa mga tao na ang instability ay patuloy na nagdudulot ng sakit sa kabila ng wastong pagsubok ng casting, na karaniwang sinusuri pagkalipas ng humigit-kumulang dalawang buwan. Ang operasyon ay muling bumubuo o nagpapatibay sa sleeve na humahawak sa tendon sa loob ng groove. Mayroong ilang mga teknik at lahat ay nag-uulat ng mabubuting resulta.

Ano ang dapat asahan

Ang paggaling mula sa non-surgical na paraan ay nakadepende sa kung gaano kalala ang iritasyon. Ang mga atleta na may mild na problema ay madalas na nakakabalik sa loob ng dalawa hanggang tatlong linggo; ang mga mas malalang kaso ay tumatagal ng anim hanggang walong linggo; at ang isang complete slip na ginamot gamit ang cast ay maaaring tumagal ng lima hanggang anim na buwan bago makabalik sa isang demanding na sport tulad ng tennis.

Pagkatapos ng operasyon, asahan ang humigit-kumulang apat hanggang anim na linggo sa isang cast o splint kung saan ang forearm ay nakaposisyong palm-down, pagkatapos ay unti-unting pagbabalik ng paggalaw, pagpapalakas mula sa humigit-kumulang dalawang buwan, at sport-specific na pagsasanay sa ikatlo hanggang ikaapat na buwan. Ang mga nailathalang series ay nag-uulat na ang mga tao ay bumabalik sa kanilang dating aktibidad sa loob ng humigit-kumulang dalawa at kalahati hanggang tatlo at kalahating buwan.

Dalawang tapat na punto tungkol sa operasyon. Una, halos lahat ng nailathalang series ay nag-uulat na ang snapping ay hindi na bumabalik — ngunit ang isang pag-aaral na nag-scan sa mga tao pagkatapos ay nakita na ang tendon ay nananatiling nasa labas ng groove nito sa halos kalahati sa kanila, kahit na sila ay masaya at may mabuting score. Sa madaling salita, ang operasyon ay maaasahang nag-aalis ng mga sintomas, ngunit hindi nito laging ibinabalik ang anatomy nang eksakto kung nasaan ito noon. Pangalawa, ang mga pagbuti sa grip strength at range of movement ay maliit; ang operasyon ay ginagawa para sa sakit at para sa snapping, hindi upang gawing mas malakas ang wrist.

Ang mga komplikasyon ay hindi karaniwan ngunit posible: pamamanhid o isang tender spot mula sa iritasyon ng isang maliit na skin nerve sa likod ng wrist, paninigas, at bihirang persistent pain syndrome.

Kung ang iyong snapping ay hindi masakit, malamang na hindi ito kailangang ayusin. Ang mga tao na may painless snapping ECU ay karaniwang nagpapatuloy sa mataas na antas sa pamamagitan lamang ng taping at monitoring.

Kailan dapat magpatingin

Magpatingin sa iyong GP kung ang sakit sa bahagi ng pulso na malapit sa kalingkingan ay hindi nawala pagkatapos ng ilang linggo ng pagbabawas sa aktibidad na nagdudulot nito, o kung nililimitahan nito ang iyong isport o trabaho.

Humingi ng opinyon mula sa hand surgery kung ang pulso ay pumipitik o tumutunog nang may sakit kapag pinu-pikit mo ang iyong forearm, kung ang sakit ay sumunod sa isang partikular na twisting injury, o kung nasubukan mo na ang pahinga, splint at injection nang walang pangmatagalang benepisyo.

Humingi ng agarang atensyon kung ang pulso ay naging mainit, mapula at namamagâ, kung nakakaranas ka ng pamamanhid o panghihina sa kamay, o kung nakaramdam ka ng biglaang pag-bigay (give-way) na may kasamang agarang pagkawala ng lakas — ang huli ay maaaring magpahiwatig na ang tendon mismo ay napunit.

Higit pang detalye

Advanced reading: the deeper science (optional)

Ang seksyong ito ay higit pa sa kailangan mo para sa iyong sariling mga desisyon sa paggamot. Ang mga problema sa extensor carpi ulnaris ay karapat-dapat sa karagdagang pagbabasa dahil ang dalawang natuklasan na karaniwang nagkukumpirma ng diagnosis — isang abnormal na signal sa scan, at isang tendon na pumipitik habang umiikot ang pulso, ay karaniwang nangyayari sa mga taong walang anumang sintomas.

Ang abnormal na MRI rito ay hindi kasing-importante ng hitsura nito

Ang ECU tendon ay tumatakbo sa isang groove sa likod ng ulna sa bahagi ng wrist na malapit sa kalingkingan. Kapag ang isang tao ay may pananakit doon at ang scan ay nag-uulat ng signal change sa tendon na iyon, ang konklusyon ay tila halata.

Sinasalungat ito ng data. Sa pagsusuri ng 4,301 na wrist MRI, ang mga ECU signal change ay karaniwan at madalas na asymptomatic, at ang mga naturang pagbabago ay bihirang nauugnay sa symptomatic tendinopathy, na nagreresulta sa mababang positive predictive value [1].

Ang mababang positive predictive value ang mahalagang parirala. Nangangahulugan ito na sa lahat ng mga wrist na nagpapakita ng finding na ito, maliit na bahagi lamang ang mayroon nito bilang sanhi ng kanilang pananakit. Ang scan ay hindi kayang dalhin ang diagnosis nang mag-isa; kailangan itong tumugma sa tenderness sa eksaktong lokasyong iyon at pananakit na nauulit sa pamamagitan ng resisted movement sa tamang direksyon.

At ang pag-snap ay karaniwan sa mga taong maayos naman

Ang ikalawang confirmatory sign ay isang tendon na nakikita o naririnig na nag-snap palabas ng groove nito habang umiikot ang forearm. Sa pagsusuri sa isang asymptomatic population ng 755 na tao, ang ECU snapping ay natagpuan sa isang prevalence na nagpapaging hindi maaasahan dito bilang marker ng pathology nang mag-isa [2].

Ang praktikal na pagbasa ay ang pag-snap na napansin ng pasyente, sa isang wrist na masakit din sa eksaktong spot na iyon, ay makabuluhan. Ang pag-snap na natagpuan nang incidental sa pagsusuri ng isang wrist na masakit sa ibang bahagi ay malamang na isang normal variant.

Kasama ang MRI finding, ang pattern ay consistent: ang tendon na ito ay nagbibigay ng abnormal-looking results sa mga ordinaryong wrist. Ang diagnosis dito ay mas nakadepende sa correlation sa pagitan ng mga findings kaysa sa alinman sa mga ito.

Mahalaga ito dahil ang ulnar wrist ay may maraming posibleng pinagmumulan

Ang ECU ay matatagpuan agad sa tabi ng TFCC, ng distal radioulnar joint at ng pisotriquetral joint, na lahat ay nagdudulot ng sakit sa parehong maliit na bahagi. Ang pag-uugnay ng sakit na iyon sa isang abnormal na hitsura ng ECU tendon ay madali at, base sa mga pigura sa itaas, madalas na mali, na siyang pangunahing dahilan upang maging maingat bago ito ituring na sanhi.

Ang konserbatibong paggamot ang pangunahing pamamaraan, at ito ay epektibo

Kapag tama ang diagnosis, ang paggamot ay simple lamang. Ang kombinasyon ng mga konserbatibong hakbang at rehabilitasyon ay maaaring mag-alis ng mga sintomas ng mga pasyente at magpahintulot sa pagbabalik sa mga ninanais na aktibidad [3].

May dalawang katangian na partikular sa tendon na ito ang humuhubog sa rehabilitasyon. Dahil ito ay nabibigatan (loaded) ng rotation ng forearm na sinamahan ng ulnar deviation, gaya ng posisyon sa golf swing, racquet stroke, o pagbuhat ng mabigat na kawali, ang modipikasyon ng aktibidad dito ay nangangahulugan ng pagbabago sa direksyon ng loading sa halip na simpleng pagpapahinga lamang. At dahil ang tendon ay nasa isang subsheath na maaaring mabatak o mapunit, na nagiging sanhi ng subluxation nito, ang immobilisation ay madalas na inilalagay sa pronation na may extended na wrist, na humahawak sa tendon sa loob ng groove nito habang gumagaling ang sheath.

Mga Sanggunian

[1] Kuntz MT, Janssen SJ, Ring D. Incidental signal changes in the extensor carpi ulnaris on MRI. Hand (N Y). 2015;10(4):750-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11552-015-9764-9

[2] Erpala F, Ozturk T. "Snapping" of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon in asymptomatic population and its relationship with chronic wrist pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04271-z

[3] Zarro M, Goel R, Bickhart N, May CC, Abzug JM. Extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy in athletes: a review of the conservative management. Hand (N Y). 2022;19(3):407-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/15589447221127331


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d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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