Skip to content

Patients › Recovery

Pagsusuka at pag-aalaga sa tiyan pagkatapos ng operasyon

PDF

Bakit madalas na bumabagal ang paggalaw ng iyong bituka pagkatapos ng operasyon — at ang mga simpleng hakbang na karamihan ay maiiwasan upang manatiling aktibo ang paggalaw, lalo na habang gumagamit ng matibay na gamot pang-alis ng sakit.

Isang saradong pinto ng banyo na may palatandaan ng banyo.
Ang pagkabulok ay napakadalas matapos ang operasyon — lalo na kapag may matibay na gamot sa sakit — ngunit malaki ang posibilidad na maiwasan ito. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang constipasyon ay isa sa pinakakaraniwang isyu na kinakaharap ng mga tao pagkatapos ng operasyon, at madalas itong nagdudulot ng sorpresa sa maraming pasyente. Ang magandang balita ay naaasahan ito, na nangangahulugan na malaki rin ang posibilidad na maiwasan ito. Kaunting pagpaplano sa unang ilang araw, lalo na sa mga gamot pang-alis ng sakit, ay karaniwang nagpapanatili ng maayos na paggalaw ng katawan nang komportable.

Bakit nagpapabagal ang operasyon sa iyong pagdumi

Maraming bagay na nagtutulungan sabay-sabay na makaapekto sa iyong tiyan pagkatapos ng operasyon:

  • Malalakas (opioid) na gamot sa sakit ang pangunahing dahilan. Ang mga gamot tulad ng codeine, oxycodone, tramadol, tapentadol, at morphine ay mahusay na pampawi ng sakit, ngunit direktang nakakaapekto rin ito sa bituka at malaki ang pagpapabagal nito. Ito ang pinakamahalagang sanhi. Hindi tulad ng pagkatulog at pagsusuka na maaaring dulot ng mga tabletang ito (na karaniwang nawawala pagkatapos ng ilang araw), hindi nababawasan ang epekto ng mga opioid sa bituka. Ang pagpapabagal ay tumatagal habang patuloy kang kumakain nito, kaya't kailangan itong maayos nang may disiplina imbes na hintayin lamang na mawala.
  • Mas kaunti ang iyong paggalaw. Ang paglakad at pangkalahatang aktibidad ay tumutulong sa natural na galaw ng kalamnan na nagpapadala ng mga bagay sa iyong bituka. Ang pagpapahinga matapos ang operasyon ay nagpapahina ng galaw na ito.
  • Mas kaunti ang iyong pagkain at pag-inom. Ang pagbaba ng gutom, mas kaunting fiber na kinakain, at hindi pag-inom ng sapat na dami ng tubig ay nagpapahirap sa dumi at nagpapabagal sa paglabas nito.
  • Ang anastesya mismo. Ang general na anastesya ay pansamantalang nagpapabagal sa bituka, at maaaring kailanganin ng isang hanggang dalawang araw upang gumising ito nang wasto.

Kapag pinagsama-sama ang mga ito, karaniwan ang pakiramdam ng pagkabagal at pagbara ng bituka sa loob ng ilang araw. Hindi ito komportable, ngunit sa karamihan ng mga kaso, hindi ito delikado.

Ang pinakamahalagang hakbang: isang laxative kasama ng iyong matinding gamot pang-alis ng sakit

Kung ipinadala ka sa bahay na may opioids o codeine, ang pangunahing mensahe ay ito: simulan ang laxative sa parehong oras ng mga gamot pang-alis ng sakit, mula sa unang araw. Huwag maghintay hanggang sa magkaproblema ka na sa pagdumi at magkaroon ng discomfort bago ka magsimula. Dahil ang mga gamot pang-alis ng sakit na ito ay epektibong nagpapabagal ng paggalaw ng bituka, ang tamang paraan ay manatiling hulihang-huli sa problema imbes na paghahabol dito.

Maaaring mag-rekomenda ang iyong pharmacist ng angkop na over-the-counter na laxative; isang karaniwang piliin ay isang banayad na stimulant tulad ng senna, minsan ay pinagsama-sama sa isang stool softener (docusate). Uminom nito nang regular habang ikaw ay nasa matinding gamot pang-alis ng sakit, hindi lamang bilang isang beses na pag-inom. Kung may partikular na laxative na inireseta o inirekomenda kami para sa iyo, sundin ito.

Ang kabilang kalahati ng mensahe ay katumbas na mahalaga: bawasan ang paggamit ng matinding gamot pang-alis ng sakit sa sandaling payag ang iyong sakit. Habang bumababa ang sakit sa loob ng unang mga araw, lumipat mula sa opioids patungo sa mas simpleng mga opsyon tulad ng paracetamol (at isang anti-inflammatory kung sinabi sa iyo na angkop ito para sa iyo). Mas kaunti ang opioid na iyong ininom, mas kaunti ang pagpapabagal ng iyong bituka, at ang pag-alis dito ay isa sa pinakamagagandang bagay na maaari mong gawin para sa iyong bituka, pati na rin para sa iyong pangkalahatang paggaling. Mayroong karagdagang impormasyon dito sa aming pahina tungkol sa pamamahala ng sakit at opioids pagkatapos ng operasyon.

Panatilihin ang paggalaw — mga pangunahing bagay sa araw-araw

Kasama ng laxative, ang ilang simpleng ugali ay nagdudulot ng malaking pagkakaiba:

  • Uminom ng maraming likido. Ang tubig sa loob ng araw ay pinapanatiling malambot ang dumi at tumutulong sa paggana ng mga laxative. Mas mahalaga ito lalo na kung ikaw ay nasa gamot pang-alis ng sakit.
  • Kumain ng fiber hababawi ang iyong gutom. Ang prutas at gulay, tinapay at cereals na buong butil, mga beans at pulses, at lalo na ang prunes o prune juice, ay lahat ay nakakatulong. Ang mainum na inumin sa umaga ay maaari ring tumulong upang mapadali ang proseso.
  • Manatiling gumagalaw hangga't pinapayagan. Kahit ang simpleng regular na paglalakad sa loob ng bahay ay nakakatulong upang gisingin ang bituka. Manatili sa loob ng anumang limitasyon na ibinigay sa iyo para sa iyong operasyon, ngunit huwag magbasa ng buong araw na nakaupo.
  • Tugon agad ang tawag. Kapag nararamdaman mo ang pagnanais, huwag pigilan, at bigyan ang iyong sarili ng walang abalang oras. Ang footstool na nagtaas ng iyong mga tuhod nang kaunti ay maaaring gawing mas madali ang paglabas ng dumi.

Isang maliit na paalala: Ang mga supplement ng fiber na bumubuo ng bulk (tulad ng psyllium / Metamucil) ay hindi ang pinakamainam na pagpipilian sa mga unang araw pagkatapos ng operasyon, lalo na kung hindi ka umiinom ng maraming likido, dahil nangangailangan sila ng maraming likido upang gumana at maaari nilang gawing mas malala ang sitwasyon kung hindi. Ang fiber mula sa pagkain at ang approach ng laxative sa itaas ay mas maaasahan sa yugtong ito.

Ano ang normal, at kailan maging pasensyoso

Normal na hindi magdumi ng ilang araw pagkatapos ng operasyon, lalo na kung nakatangka ka ng anastesya at ilang matibay na gamot pang-alis ng sakit. Ang pakiramdam ng buntis at mahina na unti-unting nawawala habang gumagalaw, umiinom ng tubig, binabawasan ang mga opioid at pinapagana ang mga laxative ay inaasahan at walang dapat alalahanin. Karamihan sa mga tao ay bumabalik sa kanilang karaniwang ritmo sa loob ng isang linggo o kaya.

Kailan humingi ng tulong — huwag maghintay

Ang constipation ay kadalasan ay abala kaysa panganib, ngunit minsan ay maaaring talagang magkaroon ng obstruction ang bituka o hindi ito gumagana pagkatapos ng operasyon (isang kondisyon na tinatawag na ileus). Ang mga sumusunod na babala ay senyales na kailangan mong suriin sa halip na maghintay pa.

Makipag-ugnayan sa amin, sa iyong GP, o sa pinakamalapit na emergency department kung mapansin mo ang:

  • Walang paglabas ng dumi sa loob ng ilang araw kasabay ng pamamaga, pagbubulong, at sakit sa tiyan, lalo na kung lumalala ito.
  • Pagsusuka o pagduduwal kasama ang hindi pagkakakita ng dumi o paglabas ng hangin: maaaring ito ay senyales na ang bituka ay nakabarado o huminto ang paggalaw nito.
  • Matinding o lumalalang sakit sa tiyan o pagkukunot.
  • Anumang pagdurugo mula sa anus, o dugo sa dumi.
  • Lagnat o pakiramdam ng pangkalahatang pagkasakit kasama ang anumang sa itaas.

Kung mayroon kang ilang mga ito nang sabay, lalo na ang pamamaga at sakit sa tiyan kasama ang pagsusuka, ituring itong urgent at humingi ng tulong agad. Para sa karaniwang pagkabagal ng bituka sa unang ilang araw, halos lutasin nito ang problema ang plano ng likido-selulosa-galaw-laxative na nakasaad sa itaas. Kung may pag-aalinlangan, tawagan ang mga kwarto. Mas gusto naming marinig ang iyong boses.


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.