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Pagkumpuni ng Distal Triceps Tendon

Isang protektadong plano ng paggaling pagkatapos ng pag-aayos ng distal na tendon ng triceps sa siko, pahinga ang braso sa simpleng sling sa 90 degrees at pagpapalaya ng galaw, pagkatapos ay aktibong pagwawasto, at pagkatapos ay lakas sa maingat na yugto.

Illustrasyon ng kasukasuan ng siko na nagpapakita ng kalamnan ng triceps at ang kanyang tendon na dumudugtong sa puntahan ng siko (olecranon).
Ang tendon ng triceps ay dumikit sa tuktok ng siko (ang olecranon); ang distal na pagkukumpuni ng triceps ay muling pinagtibay ito sa buto. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang protocol na ito ay gabay sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng operasyong pagkumpuni ng distal triceps tendon (ang tendon na nag-aanchor ng triceps muscle, na nagpapatuwid ng iyong siko, sa puntong ng siko), kay Dr. Kieran Hirpara sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Nagsisimula ito sa iyong home exercise program, sinundan ng istrukturadong clinical protocol na isinulat para sa iyong physiotherapist o hand therapist; dalhin ang pahinang ito o ang PDF nito sa iyong unang bisita sa therapy upang manatiling koordinado ang iyong rehabilitasyon. Maaaring baguhin ng iyong therapist ang plano depende sa kung paano ang iyong paggaling.

Kung mayroon kang anumang alalahanin tungkol sa iyong sugat pagkatapos ng operasyon, makipag-ugnayan sa mga kwarto. Madalas na nakakatulong na kumuha ng litrato ng sugat at ipadala ito sa pamamagitan ng email para sa pagsusuri.

Ano ang inaasahan

Ang distal triceps repair ay muling pinag-uugnay ang naputol na tendon sa buto sa punto ng siko (olecranon). Sa dulo ng operasyon, sinusuri ni Dr. Hirpara kung ang repair ay ligtas at buo habang ang siko ay nakabukod sa 90° (tanging anggulo). Dahil dito, ang iyong siko ay nakapahinga sa isang simpleng sling sa humigit-kumulang 90°, na isang komportableng, karaniwang posisyon. Walang hinged brace, at hindi hawak ang siko sa halos tuwid na posisyon. Tinatanggal ang sling para sa iyong mga ehersisyo at paghuhugas.

Ang tendon ay binibigyan ng load (pinapabilanggo) sa dalawang paraan, at ang maagang plano ay nakabatay sa pagprotekta laban sa parehong dalawa:

  • Ang pagbukod ng siko ay humihigpit sa repair. Kaya sa loob ng mga unang anim na linggo, ang pagbukod ay limitado sa 90° (tanging anggulo). Sa kabilang banda, ang pagwawasto ay nagpapahinga sa tendon, kaya ang ganap na pagwawasto ay malaya at inirerekomenda hangga't komportable.
  • Ang aktibong pagwawasto ng siko ay gumagana sa triceps, na humihila sa repair. Kaya sa loob ng mga unang anim na linggo, hindi mo aktibong iwawasto ang siko gamit ang sarili nitong lakas; ang galaw sa direksyong iyon ay ginagawa nang dahan-dahan at may tulong, hindi ng triceps mismo.

Ang galaw ay binubuksan pagkatapos sa maingat na yugto: mas buong pagbukod mula sa humigit-kumulang anim na linggo, aktibong pagwawasto mula sa humigit-kumulang anim na linggo, at resisted (loaded) pagpapalakas mula sa humigit-kumulang labindalawang linggo. Ang repair ay patuloy na nagninibago sa loob ng ilang buwan, kaya ang mas mabigat na pag-load at pagbabalik sa sports ay dahan-dahang binubuo sa halip na sabay-sabay.

Mga Paalala at Limitasyon

  • Huwag HUWAG baluktot ang iyong siko nang higit sa 90° (tanging anggulo) sa loob ng humigit-kumulang anim na linggo, dahil ang pagbaluktot ay nagdudulot ng pagkaunat at pagkainit sa pagkumpuni. Ang ganap na pagwawasto ay okay at inirerekomenda.
  • Huwag HUWAG aktibong wawastuhin ang siko gamit ang sarili nitong lakas ng kalamnan sa loob ng humigit-kumulang anim na linggo; hayaang ito ay dahan-dahang wawastuhin ng tulong, hindi sa pamamagitan ng pagtrabaho ng triceps.
  • Huwag HUWAG gumawa ng anumang resistadong pagwawasto o itulak/pindutin sa pamamagitan ng braso hanggang sa humigit-kumulang labindalawang linggo: walang triceps kickbacks, walang bench o overhead press, at walang pagtutulak pataas mula sa upuan o kama gamit ang operadong braso.
  • Suot ang iyong sling sa 90° ayon sa utos (hindi brace, hindi hawak na tuwid), at huwag HUWAG magmaneho habang nasa loob nito o habang hindi mo kayang ligtas na kontrolin ang manibela ang iyong braso.
  • Panatilihin ang paggalaw ng iyong kamay, pulso, at balikat mula sa simula, at gamitin ang kamay para sa magaan na pang-araw-araw na gawain sa loob ng kaginhawaan, hangga't hindi ito kasama ang pagtutulak, pag-angat, o pilit na pagbaluktot ng siko.

Para sa pangangalaga sa sugat, pamamahala ng pamamaga, at peklat, tingnan ang gabay ng klinika tungkol sa pangangalaga sa sugat.

Mga ehersisyo

Ang mga ito ay ang mga ehersisyo mula sa iyong handout. Simulan lamang ito ayon sa gabay ni Dr. Hirpara at ng iyong physiotherapist, at manatili sa loob ng anumang saklaw at limitasyon na ibinigay sa iyo. Ang mga maagang ehersisyo ay pinapanatiling gumagalaw ang siko at forearms nang hindi ginagana o hinuhugot ang repair: banayad na paggalaw sa loob ng protektadong 0–90° na arc, assisted bending, at pag-ikot ng forearms. Ang mga triceps muscle-sets, aktibong pagwawasto, at trabaho gamit ang band ay kabilang sa mga huling yugto at hindi dapat simulan hangga’t hindi ka espesipikong pinapayagan. Itigil ang anumang nagdudulot ng matulis na sakit sa likod ng siko.

Ang iyong klinikal na protokol

Ang natitirang bahagi ng pahinang ito ay ang yugto-yugto na klinikal na protokol para sa rehabilitasyon pagkatapos ng pag-aayos ng distal na tendo ng triceps. Ang seksyong ito ay dapat ibigay sa iyong pisioterapeuta o terapistang pang-kamay, at bawat yugto ay binubuksan ng paliwanag sa simpleng wikang Ingles tungkol sa nangyayari. Ang pag-aayos ay binibigyan ng karga sa pamamagitan ng pagliko ng siko (na nagpapahaba dito) at ng aktibo o resistadong pagtutuwid (na nagpapalakas ng triceps sa ibabaw nito), kaya ang protokol ay nagprotekta sa pareho habang binabalik ang galaw, pagkatapos ay aktibong pagtutuwid, at pagkatapos ay resistadong lakas.

Bago ang paggamot, suriin ang ulat ng operasyon ng pasyente at ang kasaysayan ng kanyang medikal na kalagayan, at makipag-ugnayan sa gumagamot na doktor tungkol sa pagkakabit (transosseous tunnels kumpara sa suture-anchor footprint), kalidad ng tisyu, at ang protektadong arkong galaw. Ang pag-aayos ni Dr. Hirpara ay sinusuri sa loob ng operasyon upang maging ligtas sa 90° na pagliko at inihahain sa isang simpleng sling sa 90° (walang hinged brace, hindi hawak sa pagtutuwid); ang protektadong arkong galaw ay 0–90° na may kalayaan sa pagtutuwid hanggang sa kumportable at ang pagliko ay limitado sa 90°.

Yugto I — protektadong paggalaw sa loob ng 90° sling (linggo 0 hanggang 6)

Ang unang anim na linggo ay nagpoprotekta sa pagkumpuni habang pinipigilan ang pagkatigas ng siko. Ang braso ay nakapahinga sa isang simpleng sling sa 90°, at inilalabas lamang para sa mga ehersisyo at paglilinis. Ang siko ay gumagalaw lamang sa protektadong 0–90° na arkong, tuwid hanggang sa kumportable ngunit hindi lumalampas sa 90° na anggulo, at hindi kailanman sa ilalim ng aktibong lakas ng triceps.

Para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta:

Edukasyon at mga paalala - I-immobilize sa simpleng sling sa 90° (walang hinged brace, HINDI nakaposisyon malapit sa extension); inilalabas para sa mga ehersisyo at paghuhugas - Protektadong arkong 0–90° lamang: ang extension ay malaya hanggang sa buo/kumportable; ang flexion ay hindi lumalampas sa 90° - Walang aktibo o resistadong extension ng siko (ang aktibong kontraksyon ng triceps ay nagbibigay ng stress sa pagkumpuni) - Walang pagdala ng bigat o pagtulak gamit ang operadong braso; maaaring magamit ang kamay nang magaan at walang load sa loob ng hangganan ng kaginhawaan - Panatilihin ang gentle na PROM ng balikat sa maagang yugto (pinoprotektahan ang long head na dumadaan sa balikat)

Pamamahala - Sugat: mga surgical dressing ayon sa utos; monitor para sa impeksyon - Oedema: pagtaas ng braso, gentle na hand pump, ice kung kinakailangan - Mga ehersisyo: AAROM/PROM ng siko sa loob ng 0–90° (extension hanggang sa kumportable, flexion na may limitasyon sa 90°); aktibong wrist, kamay, at grip ROM; gentle na ROM ng balikat; gentle na forearm rotation; walang aktibong extension

Mga pamantayan para sa pag-progres - Nabalot na ang sugat; kumportable at kontroladong 0–90° na arkong sa humigit-kumulang anim na linggo

Yugong II — pagpapahusay ng flexion at pagsisimula ng aktibong extension (linggo 6 hanggang 12)

Mula sa humigit-kumulang anim na linggo, binabawasan ang limitasyon ng flexion at ipinapahusay ang pagbaluktot mula sa 90° patungo sa buong saklaw. Ang aktibong pagtataguyod (extension) ay ipinakilala na walang resistensya, at dahan-dahang binubuhay ang triceps gamit ang isometrics. Ang extension na may resistensya at ang pagbuhat ng bigat ay patuloy na pinipigilan.

Para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta:

Pagsusuri - Aktibo at pasibong saklaw ng galaw (flexion na ngayon ay nagpapatuloy sa higit sa 90°, extension); sakit at pamamaga; pagsusuri sa sugat/ganda

Edukasyon at mga paalala - Unahin ang pagpapalawak ng flexion sa higit sa 90° patungo sa buong saklaw nang dahan-dahan mula sa humigit-kumulang anim na linggo - Walang extension na may resistensya at walang pagbuhat ng bigat sa pamamagitan ng braso hanggang 12 linggo

Pamamahala - Mga ehersisyo: linggo 6–8 magsimula sa aktibong concentric extension na WALANG resistensya, sa saklaw na walang sakit (tutulungan ang pagbaba/eccentric phase gamit ang kabilang braso); linggo 8 magaan na submaximal na triceps isometrics; patuloy na buong-arkong mobility at pag-ikot ng forearms; simulan ang pamamahala ng ganda kapag gumaling na

Mga pamantayan para sa pag-unlad - Buong saklaw ng galaw na walang sakit; buong aktibong extension na may mahusay na kontrol; sakit ≤3/10

Yugto III — pagpapalakas at pagbabalik (linggo 12 hanggang 16 at higit pa)

Kapag naibalik na ang galaw at pinayayari na ang mga gawaing may resistensya (sa paligid ng labindalawang linggo), magsisimula ang pagpapalakas at unti-unting dadagdagan: mga gawaing may resistensya para sa triceps (concentric pagkatapos ay eccentric), pagkatapos ay magaan na closed-chain weight-bearing, at pagkatapos ay limited-range pressing. Ang pagbabalik sa isport ay batay sa mga kriterya, sa pinakamaagang panahon ay limang hanggang anim na buwan.

Para sa iyong physiotherapist:

Mga Pagsusuri - Lakas ng triceps kumpara sa kabilang bahagi; tugon sa sakit/pamamaga sa pag-load; functional at sport-/work-specific na pagsusuri kung kinakailangan

Edukasyon at mga paalala - Simulan ang resisted triceps strengthening (concentric → eccentric) mula sa paligid ng 12 linggo; unti-unting dagdagan ang load - Closed-chain weight-bearing mula sa paligid ng 12 linggo (simulan nang magaan, maliit na range); magaan na pressing (push-ups, limited range) mula sa paligid ng 14 linggo

Pamamahala - Mga ehersisyo: progressive resisted elbow extension (band → magaan na timbang); graded closed-chain loading; limited-range pressing; patuloy na anumang natitirang trabaho sa mobility - Isaalang-alang ang discharge kapag ang lakas ay halos symmetrical at nakamit na ang angkop na pagbabalik ng function - Isaalang-alang ang referral pabalik sa treating doctor kung ang paggaling ay huminto o may mababang resulta

Mga Kriterya para sa pagbabalik sa isport - 5/5 lakas ng triceps; walang sakit na high-velocity at sport-specific na kontrol

Pagbabalik sa trabaho at gawain

Ang magaan na paggamit ng kamay sa pang-araw-araw (pagkain, pagsulat at magaan na pag-aalaga sa sarili) ay inirerekomenda mula sa simula, hangga't komportable, basta't hindi ito kasama ang pagtulak, pag-angat o pagbaluktot ng siko laban sa hangganan nito. Dahil hindi maaaring magmaneho habang nasa sling ang braso o hindi kayang kontrolin nang ligtas ang manibela, magplano ng tulong sa transportasyon sa mga unang linggo; muling magmamaneho kapag wala nang sa sling ang braso at kayang kontrolin ang sasakyan, gaya ng kinumpirma sa iyong review.

Ang resisted loading at weight-bearing sa pamamagitan ng braso (pagtulak, pagpindot, pag-angat at paghila) ay hinihintay hanggang humigit-kumulang labindalawang linggo, at dahan-dahang binubuo pagkatapos. Ang pagbabalik sa sports ay sa pinakamaagang limang hanggang anim na buwan, at nakabase sa pagbawi ng buong galaw na walang sakit at sapat, symmetrical na lakas ng triceps, na pinahahalagahan ni Dr. Hirpara at ng iyong physiotherapist, hindi lamang base sa kalendaryo. Ang mas mabigat na manual na trabaho ay sumusunod sa parehong criterion-based na pag-unlad.

Pagkatapos ng iyong protocol

Ang protocol na ito ay nagtatrabaho kasama ng pangkalahatang payo para sa paggaling ng klinika: tingnan ang pamamahala ng post-operative na sakit, pag-aalaga sa sugat at pagbabalik sa sports. Ang phased na plano sa itaas ay sumasalamin sa mga inilathala na gabay para sa rehabilitasyon pagkatapos ng pagkumpuni ng distal triceps tendon, at ang iyong patuloy na paggaling ay indibidwal na pinamumunuan ni Dr. Hirpara at ng iyong physiotherapist ayon sa kung paano ang pag-unlad ng iyong siko.


Evidence & references

Distal Triceps Tendon Repair — Post-operative Rehabilitation (Evidence Brief)

Topic scope: post-operative rehabilitation after surgical reattachment of the avulsed distal triceps tendon to the olecranon (transosseous bone tunnels or suture-anchor footprint repair; best performed within ~3 weeks of injury). The extension mechanism is loaded by elbow flexion (passive stretch of the repair) and by active/resisted extension (triceps contraction), so the rehab cadence is built around protecting both, then restoring motion, then active extension, then resisted strength.

Defining principle: the repair is loaded in flexion and by triceps contraction, so early rehab limits flexion and blocks active/resisted extension while motion is restored, then releases active extension (~6 wk) and resisted extension (~12 wk) in steps, with return to sport at ~5–6 months. Dr Hirpara's stance: the repair is checked intra-operatively to be safe at 90° of flexion, so the elbow is rested in a simple sling at 90° (a standard, comfortable position — no hinged brace, and NOT held near extension) with a protected 0–90° arc (extension free to comfort, flexion capped at 90°) for ~6 weeks. This is deliberately less restrictive on early flexion than the published near-extension / 20°-flexion-lock guidelines, while keeping the key loading rules identical (no active extension to 6 wk, no resisted extension to 12 wk).


Evidence base and corpus note

No RCT and no large prospective cohort defines the rehab cadence for distal triceps repair. The phased timeline rests on a published institutional clinical-care guideline (Ohio State Sports Medicine, 2021), which itself cites the core review literature, corroborated by several surgeon and physiotherapy phased protocols. The local RAG corpus is thin on triceps-specific phased rehab (rotator-cuff and biceps content dominates), but it does contain the key biomechanical repair-strength papers, which inform how early and how aggressively one can mobilise. The week-by-week timeline is therefore carried by the published clinical-care guideline, with the corpus supplying the repair-strength evidence that justifies the cadence.

Key principles and controversies

  • Early motion vs prolonged immobilisation. Classic teaching favours protective immobilisation (splint 2–6 wk, flexion-limited brace) because the triceps insertion is loaded in flexion. A counter-trend pushes accelerated early ROM where fixation is strong — a cadaveric study comparing dynamic-tape with standard suture fixation under an intense early-rehab protocol found the novel construct biomechanically superior, i.e. fixation strength is the rate-limiter for how early one can mobilise.
  • Suture-anchor vs transosseous (bone-tunnel) repair strength. Carpenter et al. (JSES 2018) found no difference in tendon displacement between transosseous cruciate tunnels and suture-anchor repair when the number of sutures is equalised; the technique by Sarokhan & Leung (Arthrosc Tech 2019) cites Clark et al. (2014) finding anatomic (knotless) footprint repair superior to transosseous cruciate repair. Stronger anatomic footprint fixation is the lever that justifies earlier/more aggressive flexion and earlier resisted extension.
  • Flexion-limit progression. No consensus on the exact ramp — the OSU guideline locks at 20° then advances ~15°/5 days; others use ~10°/week or an open 0–60° arc. All converge on full passive flexion by ~6 weeks, with active extension deferred to ~6 weeks and resisted extension to ~12 weeks. KH's variant keeps the elbow at 90° in a simple sling with a free 0–90° arc — less restrictive on early flexion, same loading deferrals.
  • Strength athletes / high demand. Retrospective series in strength athletes report satisfactory return to sport but underline that resisted extension and pressing loads are the highest-risk re-rupture activities, supporting the firm 12-week resisted-extension / pressing block.

Phased timeline

Phase Window Sling / ROM ceiling Exercises Criteria to progress
I — Protected motion Weeks 0–6 Simple sling at 90° (no hinged brace, not near extension), off for exercises. Protected arc 0–90°: extension free to comfort, flexion capped at 90°. No active extension. AAROM/PROM elbow within 0–90°; wrist/hand/grip AROM; gentle shoulder ROM; forearm rotation Wound healed; comfortable, controlled 0–90° arc at ~6 wk
II — Advance flexion + active extension Weeks 6–12 Release flexion cap; progress flexion past 90° toward full. No resisted extension / weight-bearing. Wk 6–8 active concentric extension no resistance (assist eccentric with other arm); wk 8 light submaximal triceps isometrics Full painless ROM; full active extension with good control; pain ≤3/10
III — Strengthening & return Weeks 12–16+ Resisted triceps strengthening (concentric → eccentric) from ~12 wk; CKC weight-bearing from ~12 wk (light, small range); limited-range pressing ~wk 14 Progressive resisted extension; graded loading; sport-/work-specific progression 5/5 triceps strength; pain-free high-velocity / sport-specific control
Return to sport ~5–6 months Criterion-based, at the earliest Full pain-free ROM + symmetrical triceps strength

Evidence strength flags

  • MODERATE (protocol cadence): the phased timeline (no active extension to ~6 wk, resisted extension to ~12 wk, return to sport ~5–6 mo) — anchored to the OSU Sports Medicine clinical-care guideline and corroborating surgeon/PT protocols. No defining rehab RCT.
  • MODERATE (repair-strength biomechanics): suture-anchor vs transosseous equivalence with equalised sutures (Carpenter 2018); anatomic footprint superiority (Clark, via Sarokhan & Leung); insertional footprint anatomy (Whitaker 2022) — these justify the mobilisation cadence.
  • LOW–MODERATE (KH's 90°-sling / flexion-capped-at-90° variant): biomechanically sound (flexion is the repair-tensioning motion; intra-op tensioning at 90° defines the safe arc) and less restrictive on early flexion than published near-extension guidance, while preserving the key extension-loading deferrals. Consensus / expert rather than trial-derived; corpus gap — no RCT or large cohort defines this exact variant.

CITATIONS

RAG corpus (180,000+ Orthopaedic articles)

  • Keener JD, Sethi PM. Distal triceps tendon injuries. Hand Clin. 2015;31(4):641–650. DOI: 10.1016/j.hcl.2015.06.012
  • Carpenter SR, Stroh DA, Melvani R, et al. Distal triceps transosseous cruciate versus suture anchor repair using equal constructs: a biomechanical comparison. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(11):2052–2056. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.07.005
  • Sarokhan AK, Leung NL. Acute triceps tendon repair: a technique utilizing 3 curved tunnels and proximal knots. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(11):e1325–e1330. DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2019.07.001
  • Ng T, Rush LN, Savoie FH. Arthroscopic distal triceps repair. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(6):e1107–e1112. DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2016.06.011
  • Whitaker JJ, Hartke J, Hawayek BJ, et al. Histologic evaluation of the triceps brachii tendon insertion: implications for triceps-sparing surgery. J Hand Surg Am. 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.03.020

Published rehabilitation protocols & literature (URLs)

  • Ohio State University Sports Medicine. Distal Triceps Repair — Clinical Care Guideline (G. Hock PT DPT OCS; rev. M. Salsbery PT DPT SCS; Dec 2021). https://medicine.osu.edu/-/media/files/medicine/departments/sports-medicine/medical-professionals/shoulder-and-elbow/distaltricepsrepair.pdf (NB: its near-extension / 20°-flexion-lock immobilisation differs from Dr Hirpara's 90°-sling approach; the loading deferrals are shared.)
  • Cadaveric study of dynamic-tape vs standard suture fixation in distal triceps repair under an intense early-rehab protocol. PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423150/
  • Distal triceps tendon repair in strength athletes — satisfactory return to sport (22 cases). PMC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11355401/

Note on corpus gap: the RAG corpus lacks a dedicated distal-triceps phased rehab article; the week-by-week timeline is carried by the OSU clinical-care guideline (and corroborating surgeon protocols), with the corpus papers supplying the repair-strength evidence that justifies the cadence. Flagged accordingly.

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b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


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