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Pagpapalit ng Balikat para sa Sira

Rehabilitation after hemiarthroplasty or reverse shoulder replacement for a proximal humerus fracture — slower than elective replacement while the tuberosities heal.

Updated Jun 2026
Illustrasyon ng isang tao na nakahiga habang ang braso ay nasa sling, at may maliit na unan na sumusuporta sa siko.
Pagprotekta sa pagkumpuni habang ang balikat ay gumagaling pagkatapos ng pagpapalit ng fracture. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang protocol na ito ay gabay sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng shoulder replacement na isinagawa para sa sarang balikat (proximal humerus fracture) kay Dr Kieran Hirpara sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Depende sa uri ng fracture, ang replacement ay maaaring maging reverse shoulder replacement o hemiarthroplasty (pagpapalit lamang ng bola ng kasukasuan). Pareho ang hugis ng rehabilitasyon para sa dalawang proseso, dahil ang nagtatakda ng bilis ay ang paggaling ng mga piraso ng buto, hindi ang uri ng implant. Bawat yugto sa ibaba ay nagsisimula sa simpleng paliwanag kung ano ang nangyayari at kung ano ang pinakamahalaga, kasunod ng estrukturadong protocol na nakasulat para sa iyong physiotherapist: dalhin ang pahinang ito o ang PDF nito sa iyong unang bisita sa physiotherapy upang manatiling koordinado ang iyong rehabilitasyon. Maaaring baguhin ng iyong physiotherapist ang plano depende sa pag-unlad ng iyong paggaling.

Kung mayroon kang anumang alalahanin tungkol sa iyong sugat pagkatapos ng operasyon, makipag-ugnayan sa mga kwarto. Karaniwang makakatulong na kumuha ng litrato ng sugat at ipadala ito sa pamamagitan ng email para sa pagsusuri.

Bakit mas mabagal ang paggaling pagkatapos ng fracture

Kapag ang balikat ay pumapalit nang walang kailangan (elective) para sa arthritis o isang sira na rotator cuff, ang buto sa paligid ng bagong kasukasuan ay buo, at ang rehabilitasyon ay maaaring umunlad sa bilis ng paggaling ng malambot na tisyu. Pagkatapos ng fracture, iba ang sitwasyon. Ang dalawang butong bahagi sa itaas ng buto ng braso (ang greater at lesser tuberosities, kung saan dumidikit ang mga kalamnan ng rotator cuff) ay karaniwang nabasag at nawala sa kanilang orihinal na posisyon, at sa panahon ng iyong operasyon ay tinahi silang pabalik sa tamang posisyon sa paligid ng bagong prosthesis. Ang mga fragmentong ito ay kailangang gumaling sa buto at sa implant, katulad ng anumang ibang fracture, at karaniwang tumatagal ito ng ilang linggo hanggang buwan.

Ang mga publikadong protocol ng rehabilitasyon para sa shoulder replacement na ginawa para sa fracture ay nagkakaisa sa puntong ito: ang kung gaano kagaling ang pagganap ng balikat pagkatapos ay malaki ang nakadepende sa kung ang mga tuberosities ay gumaling sa tamang posisyon, at ang maagang o makapangyarihang galaw (kahit passive movement) ay maaaring humila sa repair at magpatibay sa panganib sa paggaling. Dahil dito, sumusunod ang protocol sa parehong landas ng elective reverse shoulder replacement protocol. Pagkatapos ng fracture, mas mabagal ang parehong proseso dahil kailangang gumaling muna ang mga fragment ng buto. Ang bawat hakbang sa iyong rehabilitasyon ay nakadepende sa dalawang bagay: sapat na paglipas ng oras, at mga X-ray na nagpapakita na gumagaling ang buto, na kumpirmado sa iyong review kay Dr Hirpara.

Ano ang inaasahan

Magkakaroon ka ng pamamanhid sa iyong braso kapag gumising ka, at ang pakiramdam ay dapat simulan nang bumalik pagkatapos ng humigit-kumulang 24 na oras. Maaaring magkaroon ng kaunting pamamanhid o kahinaan hanggang sa isang linggo.

Kapag gumising ka mula sa iyong operasyon, ikaw ay nasa sling, na may malaking pad sa iyong balikat. Ang pad na ito ay tatanggalin bago ka i-discharge. Sa ilalim nito ay may waterproof dressing na sumasaklaw sa isang surgical glue strip, na maaaring iwan nang hindi ginagamit sa loob ng 2 linggo. Ang iyong mga tahi ay dissolvable at hindi na kailangang tanggalin, ngunit maaaring may mga dulo ng tahi sa bawat dulo ng sugat na maaaring putulin nang magkasama sa balikat pagkatapos ng 2 linggo. I-book ka para makita ang aming nurse para sa wound check 1–2 linggo pagkatapos ng iyong operasyon. Kung hindi ka makapag-attend sa dressing check, maaari mong tanggalin ang iyong dressing mismo pagkatapos ng 2 linggo.

Tinatayang mga timeframe para sa pagbabalik sa mga gawain (mas mabagal kaysa pagkatapos ng elective replacement, at laging nakadepende sa kung paano gumagaling ang iyong buto):

  • Pagmamaneho: hindi habang nakasuot ng sling. Karamihan sa mga tao ay bumabalik sa pagitan ng 6 at 12 linggo, kapag bumalik na ang galaw at kontrol; talakayin ito sa iyong review.
  • Paglangoy: breaststroke mula sa humigit-kumulang 4 na buwan; freestyle nang higit pa, ayon sa gabay sa iyong review.
  • Pagbuhat: walang mas mabigat kaysa isang tasa ng kape hanggang sa humigit-kumulang 12 linggo; ang magaan na pagbuhat ay unti-unting titingin mula sa 12 linggo; iwasan ang pagbuhat ng mabibigat na bagay sa loob ng 6 buwan.
  • Trabaho: sedentaryong trabaho: mula sa humigit-kumulang 6 linggo, ayon sa kaginhawaan; manual na trabaho: gabay ni Dr Hirpara.

Mahalaga ring itakda ang mga ekspektasyon nang maaga: pagkatapos ng replacement para sa fracture, karaniwang hindi na mababalik ng balikat ang buong range ng isang hindi nasugatang balikat. Ang mga publikadong resulta ay naglalarawan ng komportableng, pain-controlled na paggamit ng braso sa waist at shoulder height (at madalas sa overhead) bilang karaniwang resulta, na may galaw at lakas na patuloy na umaayos sa loob ng 12–24 buwan pagkatapos ng operasyon.

Pagsuot ng iyong sling

Ang iyong sling (shoulder immobiliser) ay sumusuporta sa iyong balikat habang naghihilom ang mga piraso ng buto. Ang mga alituntunin ay simple:

  • Isusuot ito sa loob ng 6 linggo, kasama ang pagtulog.
  • Tatanggalin lamang ito para sa pag-shower at para sa iyong mga ehersisyo, pagkatapos ipakita sa iyo kung paano; kapag ang sling ay nakaalis, panatilihin ang iyong braso sa tabi ng iyong katawan.
  • Kapag nakapagpahinga sa bahay, maaari itong alisin kung gagamit ka ng pag-iingat: ang braso ay sinusuportahan ng unan habang nakaupo.
  • Huwag magmaneho habang naka-sling.
  • Gumamit ng yelo kung ang balikat ay namamaga o masakit, lalo na pagkatapos ng ehersisyo.

Ang iyong physiotherapist ay tutulong sa iyo na isuot ang sling sa simula, at ituturo sa iyo kung paano ito pamahalaan nang mag-isa bago ka umuwi. Mahalaga ang tamang pagkakasuot: ang maluwag na sling ay hindi tamang sumusuporta sa iyo.

  1. Laging siguraduhin na kapag sinusuot ang sling, ang iyong siko ay nasa sulok ng sling at mabuting sinusuportahan.
  2. Ang dulo ng maayos na sinusukat na sling ay dapat kumportableng humiga sa knuckle ng iyong maliit na daliri. Kung lumalabas nang sobra ang iyong kamay sa labas ng sling, hindi ito magbibigay ng sapat na suporta sa iyo.
  3. Ang iyong sling ay may dalawang Velcro strap: isa ay idinidikit sa paligid ng iyong leeg at isa sa paligid ng iyong baywang.
  4. Kapag naayos mo na ang iyong siko at forearms, gamitin ang iyong hindi na-opera na braso para ibaluktot ang upper strap sa paligid ng iyong leeg patungo sa harap at idikit ito sa pamamagitan ng upper loop sa sling.
  5. Gamitin ang parehong paraan para idikit ang lower strap sa paligid ng iyong baywang, siguraduhing nakadikit sa lower loop sa sling.

Habang nasa sling, maging maingat sa iyong postura sa lahat ng oras at iwasan ang pagpapahintulot sa iyong mga balikat na maging slumped. Upang makamit ang mabuting postura, subukang panatilihin ang iyong mga tainga, balikat, at balakang sa tuwid na linya. Mahalaga ang mabuting postura para sa iyong likod at makakatulong ito na maiwasan ang stiffness sa iyong shoulder joint. Ang isang ginulugod na tuwalya na inilalagay sa maliit na bahagi ng iyong likuran habang nakaupo ay maaaring magsilbing paalala.

Ang iyong unang mga araw sa ospital

Bago ka umuwi, sisimulan ka ng mga hospital physiotherapist sa isang simpleng programa. Nakakatulong ito upang maunawaan ang tatlong termino na gagamitin nila. Ang active range of motion ay ang galaw na ginagawa mo mismo, nang walang tulong o tulong mula sa iba. Ang active-assisted range of motion ay ang paggamit ng iyong ibang braso (o ng isang bagay, tulad ng baston) upang tulungan ang paggalaw ng braso. Ang passive range of motion ay ang braso ay nananatiling ganap na relaxed habang ang iyong ibang braso (o ng ibang tao) ang gumagawa ng 100% ng trabaho. Pagkatapos ng replacement para sa fracture, ang operated shoulder ay galawin lamang nang passive, at lamang sa loob ng mahinahon na limitasyon, sa unang anim na linggo; ang mga joints na iyong galawin nang active ay ang iyong siko, pulso at kamay.

Ilang praktikal na punto para sa mga unang araw na ito:

  • Kailangan mong matulog sa sling.
  • Gamitin ang yelo para sa pagpapagaan ng sakit kung kinakailangan.
  • Kapag nagsusuot ng sling, i-relax ang iyong balikat at hayaan ang sling na kunin ang bigat ng iyong braso.
  • Uminom ng painkillers bago gawin ang iyong mga ehersisyo, at bago ang iyong mga appointment sa physiotherapy.
  • Pinapayagan kang kunin ang iyong braso mula sa sling para sa iyong mga ehersisyo at pag-shower.
  • Kailangan mong magsuot ng sling sa loob ng 6 linggo, lalo na kapag nasa labas ng bahay.
  • Panatilihin ang iyong kamay sa operated side na bahagyang abala: pagsusulat, pagkain at paggamit ng telepono habang ang braso ay nakapahinga sa sling ay lahat ay inirerekomenda.
  • Maliban na lamang kung ikaw ay pumili na ayusin ang iyong sariling physiotherapy, may appointment na inayos para sa iyo at detalyado sa iyong discharge pack.
  • Kung mayroon kang anumang problema, kontakin ang opisina o ipaalam sa iyong physiotherapist.

Yugong I — Proteksyon habang gumagaling ang buto (Linggo 0–6)

Ang unang anim na linggo ay tungkol sa isang bagay lamang: hayaang gumaling ang mga fragmento ng tuberosity sa buto at sa prosthesis nang hindi naaantala. Mananatili ka sa sling araw at gabi, panatilihin ang paggalaw ng iyong siko, pulso, at kamay, at hayaan lamang na galawin ang balikat nang pasibo (dahan-dahan, ng iyong pisioterapeuta o habang lubos na nakahinga ang braso) sa loob ng mga limitasyong nasa ibaba. Ang mga alituntunin na pinakamahalaga: huwag gumalaw ng aktibo ang balikat, huwag paikutin ang braso palabas nang higit sa mga limitasyon, huwag umabot sa likod ng iyong likod, huwag magbitbit ng anumang bagay, at huwang itulak ang iyong sarili pataas gamit ang mga kamay. Kung may reverse replacement ka, ang mga alituntuning ito ay nagpoprotekta rin sa bagong kasukasuan laban sa dislokasyon habang gumagaling ang mga malambot na tisyu. Kapag nakahiga sa iyong likod, maglagay ng maliit na unan o gulugod na tuwalya sa ilalim ng iyong siko upang hindi umabot pabalik ang balikat.

Para sa iyong pisioterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • Protektahan ang pagkukumpuni ng tuberosity at ang prosthesis
  • Bawasan ang pamamaga, bawasan ang sakit
  • Panatilihin ang aktibong saklaw ng galaw (ROM) sa siko, pulso, at kamay
  • Banayad na protektadong pasibong saklaw ng galaw (PROM) sa balikat sa loob ng ligtas na zona
  • Panatilihin ang kamalayan sa scapula at postura
  • Edukasyon ng pasyente

Sling

  • 6 linggo, kasama ang habang natutulog
  • Tinatanggal lamang para sa paghuhugas at ehersisyo; ang braso ay nananatili sa gilid kapag nasa labas ng sling

Pamamahala

  • Pamamahala ng pamamaga: yelo, compression
  • Saklaw ng galaw / mobility:
    • PROM lamang, sa loob ng ligtas na zona: elevation sa scapular plane ≤ 90 degrees; external rotation (ER) hanggang neutral (0 degrees) para sa unang 4 linggo, pagkatapos ay ≤ 30 degrees; walang internal rotation (IR) sa likod ng likod
    • Pendulums, ginagawa nang lubos na nakahinga bilang isang pasibong ehersisyo
    • Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM): wala para sa balikat
    • Active range of motion (AROM): siko, pulso, kamay, at mga daliri; cervical spine
  • Scapular setting, shoulder shrugs, at pagwawasto ng postura
  • Hikayatin ang magaan na paggamit ng kamay habang nasa sling (pagsusulat, pagkain, telepono)
  • Analgesia bago ang mga ehersisyo at sesyon ng pisyoterapiya

Mga Precautions

  • Walang shoulder AROM o AAROM
  • Walang passive o active ER na higit sa mga limitasyong nasa itaas (ang repair ng greater tuberosity ay naa-load ng external rotation)
  • Walang resisted internal rotation (ang repair ng lesser tuberosity/subscapularis ay naa-load ng internal rotation)
  • Walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod; walang combined adduction, internal rotation, at extension (posisyon ng dislokasyon para sa reverse replacement)
  • Walang pagbitbit ng mga bagay; walang suporta ng timbang ng katawan sa pamamagitan ng mga kamay (halimbawa, pagtulak pataas mula sa upuan o kama)
  • Maglagay ng maliit na unan o gulugod na tuwalya sa ilalim ng siko habang nakahiga sa likod, upang hindi mahulog ang balikat sa extension
  • Huwag pilitin ang anumang galaw patungo sa sakit

Mga Kriteryo para umusad

  • 6 linggo na ang nakalipas AT ang X-rays ay nagpapakita ng paggaling ng mga tuberosity sa tamang posisyon, ayon sa kumpirmasyon sa iyong review kay Dr. Hirpara
  • Kontrolado ang sakit gamit ang oral na analgesia
  • Walang alalahanin sa sugat at walang mga senyales ng instability

Yugto II — Pagbabalik ng galaw (Linggo 6–12)

Sa iyong pagsusuri sa ika-6 na linggo, ang mga X-ray ay nagpapatunay na ang mga piraso ng buto ay gumagaling sa tamang posisyon. Kung ganun, tatanggalin ang sling at sisimulang gumalaw ang balikat nang sarili, na unang tinutulungan ng ibang braso, isang baston, o pulley, at pagkat ay aktibo. Ang passive range ay unti-unting lumalapit sa buo sa mga linggong ito, at nababawasan ang limitasyon sa pag-ikot. Ang unang banayad na pagsasanay sa pag-aktibo ng kalamnan ay sisimula para sa deltoid at mga kalamnan ng balikat (periscapular). Ang pagpapalakas (strengthening) ay hindi pa sisimula: ang pagkumpuni ay patuloy pa ring nagkukonsolida, kaya ang patakaran sa pag-angat ay nananatiling walang mas mabigat kaysa isang tasa ng kape, at walang paangat pa rin sa pamamagitan ng mga kamay.

Para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • Pagbaba ng paggamit ng sling pagkatapos ng pagsusuri sa ika-6 na linggo
  • Pag-unlad ng shoulder PROM patungo sa buong range ayon sa kaginhawaan
  • Pagsisimula ng shoulder AAROM, pag-unlad patungo sa AROM
  • Pagsisimula ng banayad na pag-aktibo ng deltoid at periscapular
  • Pagpapanumbalik ng paggamit ng braso para sa magaan na mga gawain pang-araw-araw sa taas ng baywang at dibdib
  • Edukasyon ng pasyente

Sling

  • Itigil pagkatapos ng pagsusuri sa ika-6 na linggo; maaaring isuot sa labas ng bahay para sa proteksyon sa mga siksikan sa unang isang o dalawang linggo ng pagbaba ng paggamit

Pamamahala

  • Patuloy na ipatupad ang mga interbensyon ng Yugto I kung kinakailangan
  • Range of motion / mobility:
    • PROM: pag-unlad patungo sa buong range sa lahat ng planes sa mga linggo 8–10, na sinusunod ang sakit
    • AAROM: table slides, wall climbs, pulleys, cane-assisted flexion at external rotation, supine na unti-unting nagiging sitting
    • AROM: simulan kapag komportable na ang AAROM at maganda ang kalidad ng galaw, nagsisimula sa supine flexion na unti-unting nagiging upright flexion at scaption
    • ER: pag-unlad sa higit sa 30 degrees ayon sa kaginhawaan kapag kumpirmado na ang paggaling
    • Banayad na functional hand-behind-back at extension ipinakilala sa huling bahagi ng yugtong ito, kapag pinapayagan. Huwag i-stretch papunta sa mga posisyong ito.
  • Strengthening:
    • Pain-free sub-maximal isometrics lamang: deltoid sa scapular plane, periscapular setting, low row, scapular retraction
    • Banayad na pain-free rotator cuff isometrics sa huling bahagi ng yugtong ito; ipakilala ang resisted internal rotation lamang kapag pinapayagan sa pagsusuri
  • Motor control: bigyang-diin ang scapular control at iwasan ang hitching o iba pang compensatory patterns

Mga Paalala

  • Walang pag-angat ng mga bagay na mas mabigat kaysa isang tasa ng kape
  • Walang suporta ng timbang ng katawan sa pamamagitan ng mga kamay
  • Walang resistance o pagsasanay sa pagpapalakas na higit sa banayad na isometrics
  • Iwasan ang pilit na pag-unlad ng range: i-stretch hanggang sa matigas na di-kagustuhan lamang, hindi kailanman matalim na sakit

Mga Kriteryo para sa Pag-unlad

  • Komportableng aktibong galaw sa ilalim ng taas ng balikat na may magandang scapular control at minimal na compensation
  • Patuloy na paggaling ng mga tuberosities sa X-ray, ayon sa kumpirmasyon sa iyong pagsusuri kay Dr. Hirpara
  • Sapat na pagbaba ng sakit upang simulan ang resistance work

Yugto III — Pagpapalakas (Linggo 12–24)

Sa humigit-kumulang labindalawang linggo, karaniwang magiging maayos na ang pagkakaisa ng mga tuberosities, at kumpirmahin ng iyong review kay Dr. Hirpara kung handa na ang balikat para sa pagbebenta ng bigat. Magsisimula ang pagpapalakas, dahan-dahan, nagsisimula sa mga elastic bands at magagawang bigat, at nakatuon sa mga kalamnan ng deltoid at balikat-blade na nagpapatakbo ng balikat (pagkatapos ng reverse replacement, ang deltoid ang gumagawa ng maraming trabaho na dati ay ginagawa ng rotator cuff). Pinapalakas ang rotator cuff mismo habang pinapayagan ng mga naayos na tuberosities. Unti-unting pagtaas ng pag-angat ng magagawang bigat sa yugtong ito, ang mga araw-araw na gawain ay dapat na maramdaman na halos normal sa taas ng baywang at balikat, at karaniwang bumabalik ang pagmamaneho sa yugtong ito kung hindi pa ito nagsimula na.

Para sa iyong physiotherapist:

Mga Layunin

  • Panatilihin ang pain-free PROM at i-progreso ang AROM sa lahat ng mga plano
  • Graduated na pagbawi ng lakas at endurance: deltoid, periscapular na mga kalamnan, pagkatapos ay rotator cuff
  • Pagpapabuti ng dynamic stability, motor control at proprioception
  • Pagbabalik sa karamihan ng mga araw-araw na gawain, kabilang ang magagawang pag-angat

Pamamahala

  • Magpatuloy sa range-of-motion at mobility work sa lahat ng mga plano
  • Pagpapalakas, na umaagos mula sa isometrics papuntang elastic bands at pagkatapos ay magagawang bigat (mababang load, mas mataas na repetitions):
    • Periscapular: rows, serratus punches, scapular retraction na may resistance
    • Deltoid: resisted flexion at scaption sa functional na mga posisyon, na may controlled eccentric lowering
    • Rotator cuff: ER at IR na may elastic resistance, side-lying ER, na umaagos habang pinapayagan ng mga naayos na tuberosities
  • Motor control: rhythmic stabilisation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal patterns, ball stabilisation work
  • Graduated lifting: mula sa humigit-kumulang 2 kg noong unahan ng yugto papuntang humigit-kumulang 5 kg sa dulo, habang pinapayagan ng control
  • Gradual na pagpapakilala ng weight bearing sa pamamagitan ng braso (halimbawa, pagtutulak pataas mula sa upuan) sa yugtong ito, kung ito ay cleared

Mga Precautions

  • Walang mabigat na pag-angat; panatilihin ang mga load sa ilalim ng humigit-kumulang 5 kg sa yugtong ito
  • Iwasan ang forceful end-range stretching, at iwasan ang loaded combined abduction at external rotation
  • Ang progression ay nananatiling symptom-guided: kung may pain o swelling na flares, bumalik sa isang antas

Mga Kriterya para i-progreso

  • Kumpirmadong tuberosity union sa review kay Dr. Hirpara
  • Pain-free na mga araw-araw na gawain, na may toleransya sa pagpapalakas nang walang flare-up
  • Magandang movement quality sa pamamagitan ng available na range

Yugto IV — Pagbabalik sa buong aktibidad (6 buwan pataas)

Ang huling yugto ay isang unti-unting pagbabalik sa mas mabibigat na gawain, trabahong kamay, at libangan, na pinamumunuan ng iyong lakas at kontrol imbes na ng kalendaryo. Ang mas mabibigat na gawain sa bahay at hardin ay babalik nang unti-unti; ang trabahong kamay ay pinamumunuan ni Dr. Hirpara; ang paglangoy at golf ay karaniwang muling sisimulan sa pagitan ng ika-apat hanggang ika-anim na buwan. Ang sobrang bigat na pag-angat ay pinakamabuting iwasan sa pangmatagalan pagkatapos ng palitan ng balikat; ang mga publikadong protokol ay nagmumungkahi na panatilihin ang regular na pag-angat sa ilalim ng humigit-kumulang 10 kg. Patuloy na nagpapabuti ang balikat nang higit pa sa yugtong ito: karamihan sa mga tao ay patuloy na nakakakuha ng galaw, lakas, at kumpiyansa sa loob ng 12–24 na buwan pagkatapos ng operasyon, kaya’t mahalagang panatilihin ang iyong programang ehersisyo sa bahay nang matagal pagkatapos matapos ang pormal na pisyoterapiya.

Para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta:

Mga Layunin

  • I-optimize ang functional na lakas at endurance para sa mga pang-araw-araw na pangangailangan ng pasyente
  • Unti-unting pagbabalik sa trabaho, libangan, at sports
  • Edukasyon sa pangmatagalang proteksyon ng kasu-kasuan at isang independiyenteng programang ehersisyo sa bahay

Pamamahala

  • Patuloy na progressive na resistance work sa magaan na timbang at mas mataas na repetitions, na nagbibigay-diin sa rotator cuff at periscapular strengthening
  • Neuromuscular at proprioceptive training; functional at work-specific na mga gawain kung kinakailangan
  • I-stage ang pagbabalik sa paglangoy, golf, at ibang libangan sa pagitan ng ika-apat hanggang ika-anim na buwan, ayon sa clearance sa review
  • Customized na programang ehersisyo sa bahay upang patuloyin matapos ang pormal na pisyoterapiya

Mga Precaution

  • Iwasan ang mabibigat na pag-angat sa loob ng 6 buwan mula sa operasyon; panatilihin ang regular na pag-angat sa ilalim ng humigit-kumulang 10 kg sa pangmatagalan
  • Trabahong kamay at contact o load-bearing na sports lamang kung cleared ni Dr. Hirpara

Mga Kriteryo upang matapos ang protokol

  • Clearance sa review kasama si Dr. Hirpara, na may kumpirmadong tuberosity union
  • Pain-controlled, functional na range of motion na tumutugon sa mga pang-araw-araw na pangangailangan ng pasyente
  • Independiyente sa long-term na programang ehersisyo sa bahay

Pagkatapos ng iyong protokol

Ang mga yugto sa itaas ay naangkop mula sa mga publikadong protokol ng rehabilitasyon para sa shoulder replacement na isinagawa para sa proximal humerus fracture (Texas Health Orthopedic Specialists, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust para sa hemiarthroplasty para sa trauma at reverse shoulder arthroplasty, at ang Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital), na may diin sa paggaling ng tuberosity na hango sa surgical literature. Ang mga saklaw ng linggo ay tipikal kaysa sa nakatakda, at ang iyong rehabilitasyon ay unti-unting ipinagpapatuloy ng iyong physiotherapist, kasama ang practice, na nakabase sa iyong mga review kay Dr Hirpara. Ang pahinang ito ay nagtataglay kasama ng pangkalahatang payo sa paggaling ng practice; tingnan ang managing post-operative pain at wound care. Para sa operasyon mismo, tingnan ang shoulder replacement for fracture; para sa elective na bersyon ng paglalakbay na ito, tingnan ang reverse shoulder replacement protocol. Ang ebidensya sa likod ng protokol na ito (bakit ang paggaling ng tuberosity ang nagtatakda ng bilis, ang paghahambing ng hemiarthroplasty versus reverse, at ang mga publikadong gabay sa rehabilitasyon) ay buod sa seksyon ng ebidensya, na available bilang PDF mula sa itaas ng pahinang ito.


Evidence & references

Shoulder Replacement for Proximal Humerus Fracture — Evidence Behind the Rehabilitation Protocol

Topic scope: The evidence underpinning rehabilitation after shoulder arthroplasty performed for an acute proximal humerus fracture — covering both the implant options used in this setting: reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) for fracture and stemmed hemiarthroplasty for fracture. The defining feature of both, and the reason this is a slow, protected pathway, is that the greater and lesser tuberosities are broken free and stitched back around the prosthesis at operation — they must heal as fractures before the shoulder can be actively moved or loaded. This contrasts with elective arthroplasty (for arthritis or cuff arthropathy), where the bone is intact and rehabilitation can move at the pace of soft-tissue healing.

Defining principle of this rehab: Replacement-for-fracture is a PROTECT pathway driven by TUBEROSITY HEALING, not by implant type. At operation the greater tuberosity (with supraspinatus/infraspinatus) and lesser tuberosity (with subscapularis) are reattached around the stem. Until those bone fragments unite — typically the first 6 weeks, confirmed on X-ray — the shoulder is moved passively only and within a restricted arc: forward elevation kept low, external rotation limited (it loads the greater-tuberosity repair), resisted/active internal rotation avoided (it loads the lesser-tuberosity/subscapularis repair), and no reaching behind the back. Active range and strengthening are deferred, not just reduced. This is the opposite of an early-motion pathway such as capsular release (where immediate aggressive motion is the treatment) or calcific excision (early movement below shoulder height from day 1). The whole pace is set by the fractured tuberosities, not the new joint surface.


The operation, and why the tuberosities matter

A displaced three- or four-part proximal humerus fracture in an older patient may be unreconstructable with plate-and-screw fixation, and arthroplasty is then offered. Two implants are used:

  • Hemiarthroplasty (HA) — replaces the ball (humeral head) only. It relies on the surgeon reconstructing the head–tuberosity–shaft relationship and, critically, on the tuberosities healing back in anatomical position so the rotator cuff can pull on them. Where the tuberosities fail to heal, function is poor.
  • Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) — reverses the ball-and-socket so the deltoid, not the rotator cuff, drives elevation. This makes rTSA less dependent on tuberosity healing than HA, which is the main reason it has largely supplanted hemiarthroplasty for fracture in the elderly. Tuberosity healing still improves the result (it adds rotation), but a workable shoulder is achievable even when the greater tuberosity does not unite.

In both operations the surgeon repairs the tuberosities, and in both the rehabilitation protects that repair. That shared dependence — not the choice of implant — is why the protocol has one shape for both.


Evidence by theme

1. Tuberosity healing drives the functional result (the rationale for protection)

This is the best-supported principle in the topic, and the reason rehabilitation protects the repair for ~6 weeks.

  • A large systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies (1,616 reverse arthroplasties) found a pooled greater-tuberosity non-healing rate of ~32% (anatomic healing in roughly two-thirds). Healed tuberosities had significantly better active abduction, anterior elevation and external rotation, and better functional scores, without any increase in pain — confirming that attempting and protecting the repair is worthwhile [meta-analysis, 2025; Schmalzl 2020].
  • In the corpus, a dedicated study asked "can a healed tuberosity improve the functional outcomes?" after reverse arthroplasty for four-part fracture and answered yes — healing was associated with better rotation and outcome scores. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.034.
  • For hemiarthroplasty, the dependence is even stronger: reported greater-tuberosity healing rates range widely (~30–91%), and tuberosity malunion/nonunion/migration is the dominant cause of a poor result. This is precisely why HA is now reserved and rTSA preferred in older patients [web review literature].

Strength: MODERATE–STRONG for "healing predicts outcome" (large pooled cohorts/meta-analysis); the link is consistent and direction-of-effect is not in dispute. It is observational, not randomised.

2. Hemiarthroplasty vs reverse arthroplasty for fracture

  • A corpus multicentre randomised controlled trial (the SHeRPA trial) found superior functional outcome with reverse arthroplasty compared with hemiarthroplasty for displaced three- and four-part fractures in patients 65 and older. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.05.016.
  • An earlier corpus comparative study (JBJS) likewise compared HA and rTSA for elderly proximal humeral fractures. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.01637.
  • Reverse-for-fracture does carry a caveat: one corpus study asked whether rTSA for fracture does worse than rTSA for elective indications, reflecting that the fracture setting (broken tuberosities, frailer patients) is more demanding than an elective replacement — the same reason this rehab runs more slowly than the elective pathway. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.053.

Strength: MODERATE–STRONG (an RCT plus comparative cohorts) that rTSA generally outperforms HA for fracture in the elderly. This is a surgeon's intra-operative decision, made per patient and per fracture pattern.

3. Early vs delayed motion, and the rehabilitation protocol itself

This is where the evidence is thinnest and least standardised — honestly, the phase timings below are consensus and protocol-derived, not RCT-derived.

  • A JOSPT systematic review of proposed rehabilitation guidelines after anatomic and reverse arthroplasty found substantial heterogeneity between published protocols — sling use ranged from "comfort only" to a full 6 weeks; permitted motion ranged from none to precautionary limits; early external rotation was commonly capped (e.g. to ~30° in the scapular plane) to protect the repair. There is no single agreed regimen.
  • A corpus randomised single-blinded trial of early rehabilitation vs immobilisation after reverse arthroplasty exists (DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.005), and the 2025 Neer Award SHORT trial compared surgeon-directed home therapy with formal outpatient physiotherapy after rTSA (DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.005) — but these are largely elective rTSA populations, where the tuberosities are not broken. They do not licence early active motion in the fracture setting, where the repair must be protected first.
  • A corpus network meta-analysis explicitly examined the optimal combination of arthroplasty type, fixation method and post-operative rehabilitation protocol for complex proximal humerus fractures (DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.03.040), and a corpus survey found that trauma and shoulder surgeons differ in their rehabilitation preferences (DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.12.045) — both confirm that the protocol is an area of genuine, unresolved variation rather than settled science.

Strength: WEAK / CONSENSUS for the specific phase structure and week ranges. The principle "protect the tuberosity repair, defer active motion and load until union" is well grounded; the exact timings are typical, not trial-proven.


Phased post-op timeline (consistent with the patient protocol)

Phase Window Sling Shoulder ROM Strengthening What's healing / why
I — Protection Weeks 0–6 Full-time, including sleep Passive only, within a safe zone: scapular-plane elevation ≤ 90°; external rotation to neutral (0°) for ~4 weeks then ≤ 30°; no internal rotation behind the back; pendulums (fully relaxed). Active elbow/wrist/hand. None for the shoulder Tuberosity fragments uniting onto bone + prosthesis; ER loads the greater-tuberosity repair, resisted IR loads the lesser-tuberosity (subscapularis) repair. In rTSA this window also protects against early dislocation.
II — Restoring movement Weeks 6–12 Wean after the 6-week X-ray review Progress passive → active-assisted → active; ease the rotation limits as healing is confirmed Gentle sub-maximal isometrics (deltoid, periscapular) late in phase; resisted IR only once cleared Tuberosities consolidating; lifting still limited to ~a cup of coffee; no weight-bearing through the hands
III — Strengthening Weeks 12–24 Off Maintain/progress active range in all planes Banded → light weights; deltoid + periscapular first, rotator cuff as the healed tuberosities allow Tuberosity union usually well advanced and confirmed at review before loading begins
IV — Return to activity 6 months onwards Off Functional range for daily demands Progressive, guided by control not the calendar; lifting kept moderate long-term Strength/movement keep improving for 12–24 months; full uninjured-shoulder range is not expected

The pacing is gated on two things together at each step: enough time, AND X-rays showing the tuberosities healing, confirmed at review with Dr Hirpara. Approximate functional milestones (subject to healing): driving ~6–12 weeks (never in the sling); breaststroke swimming ~4 months; nothing heavier than a cup of coffee until ~12 weeks; heavy lifting avoided for 6 months.


Key controversies / evidence quality

  1. Implant choice (HA vs reverse). An RCT and comparative cohorts favour reverse over hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures in older patients, chiefly because rTSA is less hostage to tuberosity healing. This is a per-patient surgical decision — and either way the rehabilitation protects the tuberosity repair. Moderate–strong.
  2. Does the tuberosity actually need to heal? For hemiarthroplasty, effectively yes — non-union/malunion is the main failure mode. For reverse, healing is beneficial but not essential (the deltoid drives elevation), though healed tuberosities add rotation and reduce complications. The protection strategy is justified for both because attempting healing is worthwhile and forced early motion can disrupt it. Moderate.
  3. Early vs delayed motion / the protocol itself. The single weakest area. Published protocols vary widely (JOSPT review), the trials that test early motion are mostly in elective reverse populations, and surgeons genuinely disagree on the optimum. The conservative, tuberosity-led timeline used here reflects the fracture-specific protocols and the healing biology rather than a defining RCT. Weak / consensus.

Evidence-strength flags (summary)

  • MODERATE–STRONG: tuberosity healing predicts better range/function after reverse arthroplasty for fracture (21-study meta-analysis, 1,616 cases; ~32% non-healing); reverse > hemiarthroplasty for elderly displaced fractures (SHeRPA RCT + comparative cohorts).
  • MODERATE: hemiarthroplasty outcome is strongly tuberosity-dependent (healing ~30–91%; malunion the dominant failure mode); reverse-for-fracture more demanding than elective reverse.
  • WEAK / CONSENSUS: the specific phased rehabilitation protocol and its week ranges — published guidelines are heterogeneous (JOSPT review); early-motion trials are mostly elective populations; the tuberosity-protective timeline is derived from fracture-specific protocols and healing biology, not a defining rehab RCT.

Citations

  • Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for four-part proximal humerus fracture in elderly patients: can a healed tuberosity improve the functional outcomes? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.034
  • Superior functional outcome following reverse shoulder arthroplasty compared to hemiarthroplasty for displaced three- and four-part fractures in patients 65 and older — the SHeRPA randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.05.016
  • Comparison of Hemiarthroplasty and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures in Elderly Patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.01637
  • Does reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fracture portend poorer outcomes than for elective indications? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.053
  • A randomized single-blinded trial of early rehabilitation versus immobilization after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.005
  • Optimal combination of arthroplasty type, fixation method, and postoperative rehabilitation protocol for complex proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: a network meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.03.040
  • Understanding postoperative rehabilitation preferences in operatively managed proximal humerus fractures: do trauma and shoulder surgeons differ? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.12.045
  • 2025 Neer Award Part 1: The SHORT trial — surgeon-directed home therapy vs. outpatient rehabilitation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.10.005
  • Acute versus delayed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.10.004
  • Ten-year follow-up of stemmed hemiarthroplasty for acute proximal humeral fractures. Bone Joint J. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.103b6.bjj-2020-1753.r1

Literature (URLs)

  • Anatomic healing of greater tuberosity improves range of motion and functional outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on 21 studies (1,616 rTSAs; ~32% GT non-healing). PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39914739/
  • Schmalzl J, et al. Tuberosity healing improves functional outcome following primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures with a 135° prosthesis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32162048/
  • Tuberosity healing after reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures: is there clinical improvement? PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33364654/
  • Prosthesis designs and tuberosity fixation techniques in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: influence on tuberosity healing in proximal humerus fractures. PMC. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8468418/
  • A Systematic Review of Proposed Rehabilitation Guidelines Following Anatomic and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. JOSPT 2019. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2019.8616

Published rehab protocols (patient-guidance — basis for the phase structure)

  • Frantz T. Proximal Humerus Fracture Rehabilitation Protocol (reverse shoulder arthroplasty). Texas Health Orthopedic Specialists. https://www.frantzorthopedics.com/pdf/proximal-humerus-fracture-reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty-updnew.pdf
  • North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust. Shoulder Hemi-Arthroplasty (trauma) — post-operative protocol. Reviewed April 2023. https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/shoulder-hemi-arthroplasty-trauma/
  • North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty — post-operative protocol. Reviewed April 2023. https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/reverse-shoulder-arthroplasty/
  • Maddocks C, Lloyd Evans J. Rehabilitation guide following reverse total shoulder replacement. Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. February 2024. https://www.rjah.nhs.uk/media/qctjsd1w/reverse-shoulder-replacement-guideline-2024.pdf

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