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Posterior Stabilisasyon

Rehabilitation protocol after posterior shoulder stabilisation, with posterior-specific precautions and return-to-sport criteria.

Updated Jun 2026
Illustrasyon ng dalawang manlalaro ng rugby habang nagtatake.
Isang tackle na nagdudulot ng paggalaw ng braso patungo sa katawan — isang karaniwang mekanismo ng posterior shoulder instability. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang protocol na ito ay gabay sa iyong paggaling pagkatapos ng posterior stabilisation ng balikat kay Dr. Kieran Hirpara sa Mater Private Hospital Rockhampton. Ang bawat yugto sa ibaba ay nagsisimula sa simpleng paliwanag kung ano ang nangyayari at kung ano ang pinakamahalaga, kasunod ng istrukturadong programa na maaari mong ibahagi sa iyong pisyoterapeuta; dalhin ang pahinang ito o ang PDF nito sa iyong unang bisita sa pisyoterapiya upang manatiling koordinado ang iyong rehabilitasyon. Maaaring baguhin ng iyong pisyoterapeuta ang plano depende sa pag-unlad ng iyong paggaling.

Kung mayroon kang anumang alalahanin tungkol sa iyong sugat pagkatapos ng operasyon, makipag-ugnayan sa mga kwarto. Karaniwang makakatulong na kumuha ng litrato ng sugat at ipadala ito sa pamamagitan ng email para sa pagsusuri.

Ano ang inaasahan

Ang posterior stabilisation ay nag-aayos ng likod (posterior) na bahagi ng balikat, kung saan ang labi ng cartilage (labrum) at kapsula ay naputol at lumayo sa socket. Dahil ang repair ay nasa likod ng joint, ang galaw na pinakamabigat ang load dito ay pag-abot pasulong habang paikutin ang braso papaloob, at tatlong pang-araw-araw na galaw ang protektahan sa maagang yugto, dahil ang bawat isa ay tumutulak sa bola ng joint pasuli laban sa bagong repair:

  • pag-ikot ng braso papaloob (internal rotation): pag-abot sa likod ng iyong likod, o pag-ikot ng iyong kamay papaloob at pumapalibot sa iyong tiyan;
  • pag-abot pahalang sa iyong katawan patungo sa kabilang balikat (cross-body adduction);
  • pag-ungkit o pagtulak gamit ang operadong braso.

Ito ay salamin ng imahe ng isang anterior (harap) stabilisation, kung saan ang pag-ikot ng braso pasali ang dapat protektahan. Para sa posterior repair, ang ligtas na direksyon ay ang pag-ikot ng braso pasali, at ang pag-ikot papaloob ang huling ibinabalik: dahan-dahan, hindi sa buong range hanggang sa humigit-kumulang tatlong buwan. Ang mga yugto sa ibaba ay naglalahad kung kailan persis ang pagbabalik ng bawat protektadong galaw.

Laging may godi na itulak ang galaw nang maaga, ngunit ang ebidensya ay nagpapakita na ang anumang karagdagang range na nakukuha sa pagmadali ay pansamantala, at ang repair ay pinakamahina sa unang anim na linggo. Ang isang matatag, yugto-yugto na programa ay nagbibigay ng pinakaligtas at pinakamainam na pagbabalik sa buong function. Ang posterior instability ay bihira, kaya ang timeline na ito ay batay sa reasoning sa biomechanics at mga publikadong fellowship protocols kaysa sa malalaking pagsubok; itutailor ni Dr. Hirpara ang bilis para sa iyo.

Magsusuka ka ng isang simpleng sling, hindi espesyal na abduction o "gunslinger" brace. Ang proteksyon ay nanggagaling sa mga positional precautions sa itaas (pagpapanatili ng braso sa harap at pag-iwas sa pag-ikot papaloob at pag-abot pahalang), hindi sa hugis ng sling.

Ang paglalakbay sa isang tingin:

  • Yugto I — Protektahan, linggo 0–2
  • Yugto II — Maagang galaw, linggo 2–4
  • Yugto III — Dagdagan ang galaw at simulan ang pagpapalakas, linggo 4–6
  • Yugto IV — Pag-unlad, linggo 6–8
  • Yugto V — Pagpapalakas, linggo 8–12
  • Yugto VI — Buong range at pagsasanay sa bigat, linggo 12–14
  • Pagbabalik sa sports: mula linggo 12, ang contact sport ay hindi bababa sa 5 buwan

Pagbabalik sa iyong mga aktibidad:

  • Trabaho: sedentaryong trabaho: ayon sa kakayahan; manual na trabaho: hindi bababa sa 3 buwan
  • Pagmamaneho: kapag lumabas na sa sling at may kontrol sa braso, karaniwan ay humigit-kumulang 6 linggo
  • Pag-angat: mababang pag-angat ay maaaring simulan sa mga unang linggo sa loob ng mga limitasyon; iwasan ang mas mabigat na pag-angat ng humigit-kumulang 3 buwan
  • Contact sport (football, rugby, martial arts, racket sports, rock climbing, horse riding): mula 5 buwan ang pinakamaaga, at lamang kapag natupad na ang mga return-to-sport criteria

Ang pagkakagawa ng operasyon

Ang iyong posterior stabilisation ay karaniwang ginagawa nang arthroscopically (keyhole), o minsan sa pamamagitan ng maliit na bukas na incision. Ang naputol na labrum at capsule sa likod ng balikat ay muling idinadagdag at pinapigil sa gilid ng socket (minsan tinatawag na reverse Bankart repair o posterior capsulorrhaphy). Ang tungkulin ng rehabilitation ay panatilihin ang ball ng joint na malayo sa repair habang ito ay gumagaling, sa pamamagitan ng pag-limit ng forward, inward, at across-the-body movements sa simula, pagkatapos ay pagbuo ng buong movement, lakas, at function sa mga yugto.

Pagsuot ng iyong sling

Ang iyong sling ay sumusuporta sa braso at nagpapaalala sa iyo na panatilihin ito sa ligtas na posisyon habang nagpapagaling ang pagkakaayos. Ang mga alituntunin ay simple:

  • Magsuot ng simpleng sling sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 6 linggo, lalo na kapag nasa labas ng bahay o kasama ng iba. Si Dr. Hirpara ay hindi gumagamit ng abduction pillow, wedge, o gunslinger brace; ang simpleng sling kasama ang mga posisyonal na paalala sa ibaba ang nagpoprotekta sa posterior repair.
  • Huwag matulog gamit ang sling. Matulog nang walang sling, at panatilihin ang iyong braso sa labas ng posisyong may panganib: pahinga ito nang bahagyang nasa harap mo, hindi nakabaluktot paitaas o nakatago sa katawan. Ang unan sa ilalim ng braso ay tumutulong upang panatilihin ito doon.
  • Tanggalin ang sling para sa pagpalpak at para sa iyong mga ehersisyo (pagkatapos ipakita sa iyo kung paano). Kapag ang sling ay tinatanggal, panatilihin ang iyong braso na nakahinga at nasa harap ng iyong katawan; huwag hayaang lumihis ito sa likod ng iyong likod o sa ibabaw ng iyong dibdib.
  • Gumamit ng yelo kung ang balikat ay namamaga o masakit, lalo na pagkatapos ng ehersisyo.

Bantayan ang iyong postura habang gumagamit ng sling: panatilihin ang iyong mga tainga, balikat, at balakang sa tuwid na linya at iwasan ang pag-ungol. Ang maayos na postura ay nagpoprotekta sa iyong likod at tumutulong upang pigilan ang pagkatigas ng balikat.

Gagamitin ng iyong physiotherapist ang tatlong uri ng galaw: passive range of motion (PROM) (ang iyong braso ay ganap na nakahinga, at ang kabilang braso o ang physiotherapist ang gumagawa ng lahat ng trabaho); active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) (ang iyong magaling na braso o isang bagay ang tumutulong sa operadong braso na gumalaw); at active range of motion (AROM) (ikaw ang gumagalaw sa braso gamit ang sarili nitong lakas). Ang iyong treating team ang magbibigay sa iyo ng alam kung alin ang angkop sa bawat yugto.

Mahalagang paalala — huwag gawin

Lalo na sa unang anim na linggo, ang mga sumusunod ay nagpoprotekta sa pagkukumpuni sa likod ng balikat:

  • Huwag GAWIN ang pag-ikot ng braso papaloob na lumalampas sa tuwid na posisyon (neutral): walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod, at walang pag-ikot ng kamay papasok sa tiyan. Ang pag-ikot papaloob ang pinakamahalagang galaw na maiiwasan sa maagang yugto, at ito ang huling mababawi.
  • Huwag GAWIN ang pag-abot sa ibabaw ng katawan patungo sa kabilang balikat (walang mga galaw na tumatawid sa katawan).
  • Huwag GAWIN ang pagsasama ng pag-abot pasulong at pag-ikot ng braso papaloob; ito ang eksaktong posisyon na naglalagay ng stress sa pagkukumpuni.
  • Huwag GAWIN ang pagtindig sa operadong braso, pagtutulak pataas mula sa upuan o kama gamit ito, o pagdadala ng bigat sa pamamagitan nito.
  • Huwag GAWIN ang pag-angat, pagtulak, o paghila ng anumang mabigat na bagay gamit ang operadong braso sa maagang yugto.
  • Huwag GAWIN ang pagsiksik o pag-unat sa anumang direksyong ito; hayaang dahan-dahang bumalik ang saklaw ng galaw sa loob ng mga limitasyon na itinakda ng iyong pisyikal na terapeuta.
  • Ang pag-ikot ng braso palabas ang ligtas na direksyon pagkatapos ng posterior repair, ngunit panatilihin pa rin sa loob ng mga limitasyon na itinakda ng iyong pisyikal na terapeuta.

Ang iyong unang mga araw sa ospital

Mga ilang alituntunin para sa ward at sa iyong unang mga araw sa bahay:

  • Gumamit ng yelo para sa pagpapagaan ng sakit kung kinakailangan.
  • Kapag nakasuot ng sling, pahinga ang iyong balikat at hayaang kunin ng sling ang bigat ng iyong braso, at panatilihin ang braso sa harap ng iyong katawan.
  • Kumain ng gamot pang-alis ng sakit bago gawin ang iyong mga ehersisyo at bago ang iyong mga appointment sa physiotherapy.
  • Pinapayagan kang alisin ang iyong braso mula sa sling para sa iyong mga ehersisyo at para sa pag-shower.
  • Suot ang sling ng humigit-kumulang 6 linggo, lalo na kapag nasa labas ng bahay.
  • Maliban na lamang kung ikaw ay nag-arrange ng sarili mong physiotherapy, may appointment na inayos para sa iyo at nasa iyong discharge pack.
  • Kung mayroon kang anumang problema, kontakin ang opisina o ipaalam sa iyong physiotherapist.

Yugto I — Protektahan (linggo 0–2)

Ang unang dalawang linggo ay nakatuon sa pagprotektahan ng pagkaka-repair habang nananatiling banayad ang paggalaw. Mananatili ka sa simpleng sling, panatilihin ang braso sa harap ng iyong katawan, at gawin lamang ang mga banayad na ehersisyo na nagpapanatili ng paggalaw ng iyong kamay, pulso, at siko, at nagsisimulang "i-set" ang iyong scapula, lahat ito nang walang pagbebenta sa likod ng balikat. Dalawa ang pinakamahalagang alituntunin: panatilihin ang braso sa harap at huwag kailanman i-ikot ito paitaas patungo sa katawan, at walang ipinipilit o hinahabulan. Ang tulong sa pasulong na paggalaw ay pinapanatili sa humigit-kumulang kalahating taas, at ang pag-ikot palabas ay hanggang sa direksyong tuwid-pasulong lamang.

  • Sling: simpleng sling, sa araw; matulog NGAYON dito ngunit panatilihin ang braso sa harap, hindi i-ikot paitaas. Tanggalin lamang para sa mga ehersisyo at pag-shower.
  • Pinapayagang paggalaw: tulong at pasibong paggalaw lamang. Tulong sa pasulong na pagtaas hanggang sa humigit-kumulang 60° (humigit-kumulang kalahating taas); pag-ikot palabus hanggang sa direksyong tuwid-pasulong (neutral) lamang; walang pag-ikot paitaas na lampas sa neutral, walang pag-abot sa likod ng likod, walang paggalaw na tumatawid sa katawan.
  • Mga ehersisyo: pendulum swings; banayad na paggalaw ng kamay, pulso, at siko; pagpi-piga ng bola; pag-set ng scapula; tulong sa pasulong na pagtaas (hanggang sa kalahati); tulong sa pag-ikot palabus hanggang sa neutral.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugto kapag: ang iyong sakit ay humuhupa at mahusay na kontrolado; komportable kang panatilihin ang braso sa protektadong posisyon (sa harap, hindi i-ikot paitaas); ang iyong tulong sa pasulong na pagtaas ay umabot na sa humigit-kumulang kalahati nang komportable; ang iyong sugat ay gumaling na nang walang anumang alalahanin; at tiwala ka sa pagsunod sa mga posterior na precaution.

Yugto II — Maagang paggalaw (linggo 2–4)

Mula sa ikalawang linggo, dahan-dahang tataas ang antas ng paggalaw, ngunit nananatiling mahigpit sa loob ng mga ligtas na direksyon. Gabay ng iyong pisioterapeuta ang supervised passive at assisted movement upang itakda ang mga limitasyon, at idadagdag mo ang magaan na press-and-hold (isometric) na ehersisyo upang simulan ang paggising ng mga kalamnan habang nananatiling tahimik ang braso. Dapat manatiling harap sa katawan ang braso: walang pag-abot sa likod at walang paggalaw na tumatawid sa katawan, at ang inward rotation ay mananatiling neutral lamang.

  • Sling: patuloy; panatilihin ang braso sa harap; huwag abutin ang likod.
  • Ginagawang paggalaw (supervised ng pisioterapeuta): forward lift na umuusbong patungo sa humigit-kumulang 60°, pag-ikot palabas patungo sa humigit-kumulang 45°, pag-ikot palabas sa gilid patungo sa humigit-kumulang 90°; inward rotation ay panatilihing neutral (0°) sa gilid. Walang home pulleys.
  • Mga ehersisyo: assisted arm-out-to-the-side; magaan na isometric (press-and-hold) outward rotation, inward rotation (sa neutral lamang) at out-to-the-side; pagpapalakas ng shoulder-blade; pagsuporta ng leeg. Itigil ang anumang nagdudulot ng sakit sa likod ng balikat.

Handa para sa susunod na yugto kapag: naabot mo ang mga supervised movement limits sa itaas nang walang sintomas sa likod ng balikat; kontrolado ang iyong sakit at anumang pamamaga; at maganda ang kontrol sa iyong shoulder-blade kasabay ng magaan na paggalaw.

Yugong III — Dagdagan ang galaw at simulan ang pagpapalakas (linggo 4–6)

Mas binubuksan pa ang saklaw ng galaw, at nagsisimula ang unang magaan na pagpapalakas sa ligtas na direksyon (panlabas na pag-ikot). Nagsisimula ka ng aktibong-tulong na pag-abot, tulad ng pag-akyat sa pader, at banayad na ehersisyo gamit ang band para sa mga panlabas na tagapag-ikot. Ang panloob na pag-ikot ay pinapayagan lamang nang kaunti, at lamang sa direksyon ng iyong pisyoterapeuta; ito ang pinaka-protektadang galaw. Ang sling ay patuloy na ginagamit sa araw hanggang sa markang anim na linggo.

  • Sling: simpleng sling sa araw hanggang humigit-kumulang 6 linggo. Kung tatanggalin mo ito sa gabi, iwasan pa ring paikutin ang braso papaloob.
  • Pinapayagang galaw: pagtaas pasulong hanggang humigit-kumulang 90°, pasilabot hangga't komportable, pag-ikot palabas hanggang humigit-kumulang 45° sa taas ng balikat (o buo sa gilid); ang panloob na pag-ikot ay limitado sa humigit-kumulang 30° at lamang sa direksyon ng iyong pisyoterapeuta. Magsimula ng aktibong-tulong na pag-abot (pag-akyat sa pader). Walang pag-angat, pagtulak o paghila na mas mabigat kaysa humigit-kumulang 2 lb, at walang ginagawa sa itaas ng ulo.
  • Mga ehersisyo: pag-akyat sa pader; patuloy na trabaho ng balikat-blade at isometrics; magsimula ng magaan na trabaho ng band para sa panlabas na pag-ikot sa gilid.

Handa para sa susunod na yugong kapag: mayroon kang mahusay na aktibong-tulong na galaw na may makinis at pantay na kontrol sa balikat-blade; kontrolado nang maayos ang iyong sakit; at nag-uunlad ka sa loob ng mga yugong-limita nang hindi pumipigil sa likod ng balikat.

Yugong IV — Pag-unlad (linggo 6–8)

Ang sling ay tatanggalin sa anim na linggo. Ang paggalaw na ginagawa ng sarili ay babalik sa buong saklaw sa lahat ng direksyon maliban sa pag-ikot paitaas (inward rotation), na patuloy na pigilan (hanggang 45° lamang hanggang ikalabindalawang linggo). Titingkad ang mga hakbang sa pagpapalakas: magaan na ehersisyo para sa cuff at scapula, unang maingat na push-ups laban sa pader, at diagonal na mga pattern ng buong braso gamit ang magaan na band.

  • Sling: itatigil sa 6 linggo.
  • Pinapayagang galaw: aktibong paggalaw hanggang buong saklaw ayon sa kakayahan MALIBAN SA PAG-IKOT PAITAAAS (inward rotation), na mananatiling nakaharang sa humigit-kumulang 45° hanggang 12 linggo (sa tabi ng katawan at sa taas ng balikat). Magaan na pag-angat hanggang humigit-kumulang 5 lb.
  • Mga ehersisyo: pag-ikot palabas habang nakahiga sa gilid; push-ups sa pader (dahan-dahang pagtaas: direktang binabigatan nito ang likod ng balikat); diagonal na mga pattern ng band; patuloy na pagpapalakas ng cuff at scapula.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugong kapag: mayroon kang buong saklaw ng paggalaw na ginagawa ng sarili sa lahat ng direksyon maliban sa pag-ikot paitaas; patuloy na tumitibay ang iyong lakas; at walang sakit o pamamaga pagkatapos ng mga bagong ehersisyo sa pagpapalakas.

Yugong V — Pagpapalakas (linggo 8–12)

Ang yugong na ito ay nagtatayo ng lakas, kontrol, at tibay para sa iyong trabaho at isport. Ang pag-ikot papaloob ay nananatiling nakakapaghangga sa humigit-kumulang 45° hanggang sa ikalabindalawang linggo, ngunit ang lahat ng ibang direksyon ay lubos na pinapalakas. Lumalawak ang programa patungo sa mas kumpletong rutina ng pagpapalakas ng cuff at scapula (maaaring tawagin ito ng iyong pisioterapeuta bilang "Thrower's 10") kasama ang mga drill para sa dynamic control.

  • Sling: wala.
  • Pinapayayang galaw: buo sa lahat ng direksyon maliban sa pag-ikot papaloob, na nananatiling nakakapaghangga sa humigit-kumulang 45° hanggang sa ikalabindalawang linggo.
  • Mga ehersisyo: resistance-band rows; prone T at prone W; pagpapalakas ng scapula; mga drill para sa dynamic control at stabilisasyon. Maaaring magdagdag ang iyong pisioterapeuta ng rhythmic stabilisation (mahinahang hold-steady drills kung saan bahagyang itutulak niya ang iyong braso at ikaw ay magre-resist) upang muling ituro ang kontrol; ito ay hands-on na trabaho na walang diagram. Unti-unting tataas ang bigat na itinataas hanggang sa humigit-kumulang 7–10 lb.

Handa na para sa susunod na yugong kapag: umuunlad ang iyong toleransya sa pag-ikot papaloob; walang sakit ang pagpapalakas at walang reactive swelling; at pantay-pantay ang pagbuo ng iyong lakos kumpara sa kabilang panig.

Yugto VI — Buong saklaw at pagsasanay sa bigat (linggo 12–14)

Sa loob ng labindalawang linggo, ang pag-ikot papasok ay sa wakas ay ibinalik sa buong saklaw. Ito ang oras kung kailan nagsisimula ang mga pag-unat sa likod ng likod at sa pamamagitan ng katawan, at ang pagsasanay sa gym ay lumilipat mula sa mga makina patungo sa malayang bigat. Ang mga push-up ay unti-unting tinitiyak mula sa pader patungo sa sahig. Ang layunin sa yugtong ito ay ang buong, simetriko na pag-ikot papasok, na katumbas ng iyong ibang bahagi, dahil ang pag-ikot papasok ang galaw na pinakamahaba itinataguyod ng isang posterior repair.

  • Sling: wala.
  • Pinapayagang galaw: buong saklaw sa lahat ng direksyon, kabilang ang pag-ikot papasok, na unti-unting pinapalawak at hindi kailanman pinipilit.
  • Mga ehersisyo: internal rotation gamit ang stick; sidelying inward rotation; cross-body stretch; sleeper stretch; towel stretch para sa pag-abot sa likod ng likod; biceps curls at pangkalahatang kondisyon. Patuloy at palawakin ang cuff, shoulder-blade, at diagonal strengthening mula sa nakaraang yugto.

Handa na para lumipat patungo sa sports kapag: ang iyong pag-ikot papasok ay nagsisimula nang maging simetriko sa ibang bahagi; mayroon kang buong, walang sakit na galaw sa bawat direksyon; at ang iyong lakas ay lumalago patungo sa ibang bahagi nang walang reaktibong pamamaga.

Pagbabalik sa isport at trabaho

Ang pagbabalik ay batay sa mga pamantayan, hindi lamang nakadepende sa kalendaryo, at kinokonsima ni Dr. Hirpara at ng iyong pisyoterapeuta.

  • Mga atleta na nagtatake at nag-o-overhead: isang unti-unting programa ng pagtatake o interval ay magsisimula sa mga 14–16 linggo, na unti-unting pinapataas ang dami at intensidad.
  • Mga isport na may kontak at banggaan (rugby, football, martial arts, racket sports, rock climbing, horse riding): hindi bago ang 5 buwan, at lamang kapag natupad ang mga sumusunod na pamantayan.
  • Trabaho: sedentaryong trabaho ayon sa kakayahan; manual o mabibigat na trabaho sa loob ng hindi bababa sa 3 buwan.

Handa ka na para bumalik sa isport kapag:

  • mayroon kang buong, walang sakit na saklaw ng galaw sa lahat ng direksyon, kabilang ang pag-ikot papaloob na simetrikal sa kabilang bahagi;
  • ang lakas ng pag-ikot palabas at papaloob ay malapit na sa kabilang bahagi (para sa iyong pisyoterapeuta: isang limb-symmetry index na humigit-kumulang 90% o mas mataas para sa lakas ng internal at external rotation sa isokinetic o hand-held dynamometry; sa posterior repair, magbigay ng espesyal na pansin sa simetrikong lakas ng internal-rotation, dahil ito ang protektadong direksyon);
  • natapos mo ang anumang espesipikong programa para sa isport (tulad ng isang interval throwing programme) nang walang sakit o pag-aalala; at
  • inaprubahan ka ni Dr. Hirpara sa review.

Pagkatapos ng iyong protocol

Ang protocol na ito ay nagtatrabaho kasama ng pangkalahatang payo para sa paggaling ng klinika; tingnan ang pamamahala ng sakit pagkatapos ng operasyon at pag-aalaga sa sugat. Para sa kondisyon mismo, tingnan ang pagkabigo ng balikat.

Ang phased timeline, mga limitasyon ng proteksyon na partikular sa posterior, ang stagged na pagbabalik ng inward rotation, at mga pamantayan para sa pagbabalik sa sports ay inihanda sa sanggunian sa mga published na posterior stabilisation protocols mula sa University of Virginia Sports Medicine at University of New Mexico Sports Medicine (Posterior Labral Repair Rehabilitation Protocols), Massachusetts General Brigham Sports Medicine (Posterior Bankart Repair), at ang clinical commentary na "Rehabilitation Following Posterior Shoulder Stabilization" (International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2021), na na-adapt sa pamamaraan ng klinika ni Dr. Hirpara. Ang orihinal na programa ng ehersisyo ay batay sa gawa ni Leonard Funk at ng Wrightington Shoulder Unit (shoulderdoc.co.uk).


Evidence & references

Posterior Stabilisation (Posterior Labral / Capsular Repair): Rehabilitation Evidence

Topic: Arthroscopic or open posterior labral repair / posterior capsulorrhaphy (reverse Bankart) for posterior glenohumeral instability. Compiled: 2026-06-16. Sources: local RAG Orthopaedic corpus + published fellowship/PT "standard of care" protocols.

The key difference vs anterior (Bankart/Latarjet): the precaution is REVERSED

Posterior instability and the posterior repair are stressed by the OPPOSITE motions to an anterior repair. The provocative/at-risk position is flexion + adduction + internal rotation (and horizontal adduction) - exactly the position of a posterior load (Itoi/Shoulderology: recurrent posterior instability = PIGHL deficiency failing to resist posterior translation with the arm in flexion and internal rotation). Therefore: - EARLY PRECAUTION = limit flexion, internal rotation, adduction, and horizontal/cross-body adduction; protect against the posteriorly-directed load. (Anterior repairs instead limit ER + abduction.) - Sling/brace is positioned in slight ABDUCTION and NEUTRAL/slight EXTERNAL rotation - often a "gunslinger" brace or abduction pillow - to keep the humeral head off the posterior repair. The arm must be kept in front of the body; do NOT reach behind the back and avoid internal rotation early. - Posterior instability is uncommon (~3-5% of instability) so high-level evidence is sparser; protocols are consensus/biomechanically driven.


Consensus phased timeline (UVA Sports Medicine posterior labral repair standard of care)

Phase Week window Sling/brace ROM allowed & RESTRICTIONS AROM / strengthening RTS
I - Immediate / protect 0-2 wk Sling (all components) at all times incl. sleeping (gunslinger / neutral-to-slight-ER, slight abduction); off only for home ex/PT Pendulums; elbow/wrist ROM only. No shoulder PROM into the at-risk arc. Keep arm in front of body Grip/wrist; ball squeezes None
II - Early PROM 2-4 wk Continue sling at all times; keep arm IN FRONT - do NOT reach behind back PROM (PT-supervised), strictly limited: flexion to 60 deg, extension to neutral (0 deg), abduction to 90 deg, ER to 45 deg, IR to neutral (0 deg) at side. No home pulleys Scapular strengthening; submaximal pain-free isometrics in ALL directions (in sling); cervical ROM None
III - Increase PROM, begin AAROM/strengthening 4-6 wk Continue sling by day; may stop sling at night but AVOID internal rotation; keep arm in front PROM: flexion to 90 deg, extension to 30 deg, abduction full as tolerated, ER 45 deg at 90 deg abd / full at side, IR limited to 30 deg at 90 deg abd. Begin AAROM (wall walks). No reaching behind back Continue scapular + isometrics; begin light ER Theraband at side. No lift/push/pull >2 lb, no overhead None
IV - Advance 6-8 wk Discontinue sling at 6 wk Advance AROM to full as tolerated EXCEPT IR; limit IR to 45 deg (at side and at 90 deg abd) until 12 wk Isotonic RC (to 6-8 lb), UBE, wall push-ups, advance scapular, begin D1/D2 PNF (<=3 lb). Lift <=5 lb None
V - Strengthen 8-12 wk None IR still limited to 45 deg until 12 wk; full in all other planes Advance RC/scapular, dynamic stabilisation, isokinetics with 60 deg block; Thrower's 10 for throwers (from ~10-12 wk). Lift <=7 lb (wk 8-10) -> <=10 lb (wk 10-12) None
VI - Full ROM / weight training 12-14 wk None IR advanced to FULL at 12 wk. Full ROM all directions Traditional weight training (machines -> free weights), eccentric RC, advance PNF/isokinetics. Begin overhead-work progression Begin late-stage loading
Thrower progression / RTS 14-24 wk None Full Throwing program from 14-16 wk (60% velocity); isokinetic testing 16-24 wk; interval throwing once passed No contact sport before 5 months; full RTS on criteria + surgeon clearance

Active ROM start: AAROM ~4 wk, full AROM (except IR) by ~6-8 wk. Strengthening start: isometrics from ~2-4 wk; isotonic RC ~6 wk. RTS: throwing 14-16 wk; contact sport not before 5 months; criterion-based.

RTS criteria (UVA)

Pass isokinetic test (ER/IR unilateral >=70%, ER bilateral >=98%, IR bilateral >=105%, ER/IR peak-torque/BW ratios); completed throwing program; no pain with activity; surgeon clearance; >=5 months post-op for contact sport.

Posterior-specific precaution summary: sling in slight abduction/neutral-ER (gunslinger); keep arm in front; avoid IR, adduction, horizontal/cross-body adduction, and flexion past limits early; IR is the LAST motion restored (capped 45 deg until 12 wk, full at 12 wk). This is the exact inverse of the anterior protocols, which cap ER.


Key controversies & evidence flags

  1. Brace type/position - gunslinger / neutral-to-ER vs simple sling. Biomechanical consensus favours immobilisation in neutral or slight external rotation with slight abduction to unload the posterior capsulolabral repair (reverse of the IR sling used after anterior repair). The Sheean/Kibler current-concepts review and the published PT protocols converge on this, but there is no RCT comparing posterior brace positions. Evidence: consensus / biomechanical (Level V).

  2. Throwers / overhead athletes vs traumatic (collision) posterior instability. Posterior labral injury in overhead athletes is often insidious/atraumatic (Sheean 2020), demanding a slower, more conservative throwing return; traumatic posterior instability in collision athletes (Funk 2009 rugby series; Kang "batter's shoulder") may follow a more standard timeline. Savoie (Arthroscopy 2008, 136 shoulders) shows arthroscopic posterior reconstruction is effective after failed conservative care. Evidence: case-series level (Level IV); no RCTs on rehab pace.

  3. Sparse high-level evidence overall. Because posterior instability is rare (~3-5%), there are no instability-position RCTs for the posterior repair and protocols are extrapolated/biomechanical. Flag everything here as CONSENSUS / Level IV-V. The "Rehabilitation Following Posterior Shoulder Stabilization" clinical commentary (PMC8168996) is the main synthesising source.

  4. Contact-sport return timing. Recent series (e.g., "Favorable Outcomes After Arthroscopic Posterior Bankart Repair for Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Instability in Collision Athletes," PMC12800795) support good RTS, but timing remains criteria-based with a ~5-6 month floor for collision sport. Evidence: cohort (Level IV).


CITATIONS

Published rehabilitation protocols (URLs)

  • University of Virginia Sports Medicine - Posterior Labral Repair Rehabilitation Protocol (Arthroscopic or Open): https://med.virginia.edu/orthopaedic-surgery/wp-content/uploads/sites/242/2021/06/Posterior-Labral-Repair.pdf
  • St. Louis Orthopedic Specialists - Posterior Labral Repair and Capsulorrhaphy Protocol: https://www.stlorthospecialists.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Posterior-Labral-Repair-and-Capsulorraphy-Rehab-Protocol.pdf
  • Dr. Coyner - Posterior Labral Repair Protocol: https://www.drcoyner.com/pdf/posterior-labral-repair-protocol.pdf
  • Indianapolis Sports Medicine - Posterior Labral Repair Rehab Protocol: https://www.indysportsdr.com/pdf/posterior-labral-repair-rehab-protocol.pdf
  • "Rehabilitation Following Posterior Shoulder Stabilization" (clinical commentary), PMC8168996: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8168996/
  • "Postsurgical Rehabilitation of Posterior Instability," Musculoskeletal Key: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/postsurgical-rehabilitation-of-posterior-instability/

Local RAG corpus (article / journal / year)

  • Eiji Itoi. Shoulderology. 2023. (Posterior instability ~3% of instability; PIGHL deficiency; at-risk position = flexion + internal rotation - the basis for the reversed precaution.) [textbook / mechanism]
  • Sheean AJ, Kibler WB, Conway J, et al. Posterior Labral Injury and Glenohumeral Instability in Overhead Athletes: Current Concepts for Diagnosis and Management. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2020. [current-concepts review]
  • Funk L, Badge R, Tambe A. Arthroscopic isolated posterior labral repair in rugby players. International Journal of Shoulder Surgery. 2009. [case series - traumatic posterior instability, collision athletes]
  • Savoie FH, Holt MS, Field LD, Ramsey JR. Arthroscopic Management of Posterior Instability: Evolution of Technique and Results. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(4). (136 shoulders; arthroscopic posterior reconstruction after failed conservative rehab.) [large case series, Level IV]
  • Kang RW, Mahony GT, Harris TC, et al. Posterior Instability Caused by Batter's Shoulder. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2013. [technique / case series]
  • Rockwood CA, Fehringer EV. Rockwood and Matsen's The Shoulder. 2016. (Posterior drawer / laxity exam in neutral rotation; diagnostic basis.) [textbook]

Overall evidence grade for the phased protocol itself: CONSENSUS / institutional standard-of-care, weaker than the anterior literature (Level IV-V; no RCTs on posterior brace position or rehab pace). The reversed precaution (limit IR/adduction/flexion; brace in abduction + neutral/ER) is biomechanically well-founded but not RCT-tested.

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