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Mga Gamot para sa Sakit ng Nerbiyos (Gabapentin at Pregabalin)

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How medicines like gabapentin and pregabalin settle nerve pain, why they are built up slowly, their side effects, and using them safely.

Isang braso na may nerbiyos na sumusunod dito at may mga marka ng panginginig.
Ang sakit sa nerbiyo ay nararamdaman bilang pagsunog, pagtutuyong, o pangangati — ang mga gamot na ito ay nagpapahina ng sobrang aktibong mga signal ng nerbiyo na nasa likod nito. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Kung inireseta sa iyo ang gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, o duloxetine, maaaring magulat ka: hindi ito ang mga pampahina ng sakit na karaniwang pinipili ng mga tao. May mabuting dahilan dito. Ang sakit na pinapahinahon nito, sakit ng nerbiyos, ay nag-uugali nang iba kumpara sa karaniwang sakit, at nangangailangan ito ng ibang uri ng gamot upang mapahinahon. Kapag ginamit nang wasto, ito ay isang halagang hindi-opiyoyd paraan upang mapahinahon ang sakit ng nerbiyos.

Ano ang sakit na nerbiyos (neuropathic)

Karamihan sa sakit ay isang makatwirang babala: kapag tumama ka sa iyong kamay, nasugatan ang tissue, at masakit ang lugar hanggang sa ito ay gumaling. Ang sakit ng nerbiyos (tinatawag ito ng mga doktor na neuropathic na sakit) ay iba. Dito, ang problema ay ang nerbiyos mismo: ang isang nerbiyos na na-irita, pinipiga, o nasira ay nagsisimulang magpadala ng mga signal ng sakit nang sarili, kahit na walang mali o may kaunting mali lamang sa balat o tissue na kung saan ito nag-uulat. Ang babala, sa epekto, ay naging sira at patuloy na kumakala.

Ang sakit ng nerbiyos ay karaniwang may natatanging pakiramdam. Ang mga tao ay naglalarawan nito bilang:

  • Pagsunog o init
  • Pagtalon o parang kuryente, madalas ay tumatakbo sa isang linya
  • Pins at needles, pamamanhid o pag-ungol
  • Isang lugar na pakiramdam ay numb ngunit masakit sabay-sabay
  • Balat na sobrang sensitibo na kahit ang magaan na hawak o kumot ay nakakasakit

Maaari itong magmula sa isang na-trap na nerbiyos tulad ng carpal tunnel syndrome, mula sa sakit ng nerbiyos o pagkatapos ng ilang operasyon, mula sa mga kondisyon tulad ng shingles o diabetes, o mula sa isang kondisyon na tinatawag na CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome) kung saan ang isang limb ay naging masakit at sobrang sensitibo pagkatapos ng isang pinsala.

Bakit madalas hindi epektibo ang karaniwang gamot sa sakit

Ito ang bahagi na kadalasang nagpapaubaya sa mga tao. Ang paracetamol, ibuprofen, at iba pang anti-inflammatory ay pangunahing nakakaapekto sa pamamaga at pinsala sa tisyu (tulad ng sprain, bruise, o lugar ng operasyon). Ang nerve pain ay hindi talaga problema sa pamamaga; ito ay problema sa sobrang aktibo at maling pagpapadala ng signal ng nerbiyos. Kaya’t ang karaniwang gamot sa sakit, at kahit ang malalakas na opioids, ay madalas ay nagdudulot lamang ng kaunting pagbaba ng sakit.

Dahil dito, lumilipat kami sa ibang grupo ng mga gamot. Sa halip na pampahupa ng pamamaga sa tisyu, ang mga ito ay nakakaapekto sa sariling sistema ng nerbiyos, binabawasan ang lakas ng sobrang aktibong pagpapadala ng signal ng sakit. Ang mga gamot na ito ay unang ginawa para sa ibang layunin (may ilan ay para sa epilepsy, may ilan naman ay para sa depression), at sa proseso ay natuklasan na napakabuti nila sa pagpapakalma ng maling signal ng nerbiyos. Ang pagreseta ng isa sa mga gamot na ito ay hindi nangangahulugang naniniwala kami na imahinasyon ang iyong sakit o na mayroon kang epilepsy o depression; nangangahulugan lamang ito na ginagamit namin ang gamot para sa trabaho na pinakamagaling nitong gawin.

Gabapentin at pregabalin (Lyrica)

Ang dalawang ito ang pangunahing gamot sa paggamot ng sakit ng nerbiyo at magkaugnay. Ang Pregabalin ay ibinebenta sa ilalim ng pangalan ng brand na Lyrica; ang gabapentin ay ibinebenta din bilang Neurontin.

Gumagana ang mga ito sa pamamagitan ng pagpapahina ng sobrang aktibong pagpapadala ng signal ng nerbiyo. Ang isang iritadong nerbiyo ay nagpapadala ng signal sa pamamagitan ng pagpapahintulot sa calcium na pumasok sa loob nito sa pamamagitan ng mga maliit na pinto na tinatawag na calcium channels; ang gabapentin at pregabalin ay nagpapahina sa mga channel na ito, kaya mas mahirap magpadala ng signal ang nerbiyo at mas kaunti ang mga mensahe ng sakit na pumapasok. Hindi sila anti-inflammatories at hindi sila opioids; pinapahina nila ang nerbiyo sa halip na pinapabango ang tissue.

Isang salita ng realism: ang mga gamot na ito ay pinakamabisang tumutulong sa sakit ng nerbiyo kapag may tunay na sira o sobrang aktibong nerbiyo ang nasa likod nito. Hindi sila mabuting paraan upang pamahalaan ang karaniwang sakit o karaniwang pananakit pagkatapos ng operasyon, at hindi inirerekomenda ang regular na pag-inom ng mga ito "para sa kaso" sa paligid ng operasyon; para sa ganitong uri ng sakit, nagdadagdag lamang ito ng mga side-effect nang walang malaking pagpapagaan. Nakakamit nila ang kanilang pagkakataon kapag ang sakit ng nerbiyo ang tunay na problema.

Amitriptyline at duloxetine — ang mga alternatibo

Kung hindi angkop ang gabapentin o pregabalin sa iyo, o hindi ganap na nagtatagumpay, may dalawang ibang gamot na gumagana sa parehong problema mula sa ibang anggulo.

  • Amitriptyline ay isang lumang antidepressant na ginagamit dito sa mas mababang dosis kumpara sa paggamot ng depression. Sa mga maliit na dosis na ito, tumutulong ito na palakasin ang sariling mga landas ng pagpapababa ng sakit ng katawan sa spinal cord at utak. Ang karaniwang nagsisimulang dosis ay napakababa at iniinom sa gabi, bahagyang dahil maaari nitong tulungan ang pagtulog, na kapaki-pakinabang kapag ang nerve pain ang nagpapagising sa iyo.
  • Duloxetine ay isang SNRI (isang bagong uri ng antidepressant) na, muli, nagpapalakas sa mga likas na signal ng kontrol sa sakit na dumadaloy sa nervous system. Ito ay isang partikular na karaniwang pagpipilian para sa nerve pain na may kinalaman sa diabetes.

Katulad ng gabapentin at pregabalin, ang pag-aalok ng isa sa mga ito ay tungkol sa landas ng sakit, hindi sa iyong mood.

Paano ginagamit ang mga gamot na ito — ano ang inaasahan

May ilang praktikal na punto na kailangang isaalang-alang para sa lahat ng mga gamot na ito, at ang pag-unawa sa mga ito nang maaga ay nagpapadali sa iyong karanasan.

Sinisimulan ito sa mababang dose at dahan-dahang pinapataas. Karaniwang magsisimula ka sa maliit na dose at dahan-dahang itataas ito sa loob ng ilang araw hanggang linggo. Hindi ito ginagawa lamang dahil sa pag-iingat. Ang pagiging dahan-dahan ay nagbibigay-daan upang umangkop ang iyong katawan sa gamot at upang mabawasan ang mga unang side effect, kaya’t mas matutolerate mo ang isang epektibong dose na maaaring magdulot ng malaking abala kung ikaw ay magsisimula dito agad.

Kailangan ng oras upang gumana: hindi ito agad na epekto. Hindi tulad ng paracetamol, hindi mo mararamdaman ang pagpapagaan ng sakit sa loob ng kalahating oras pagkatapos uminom ng tablet. Dumadagdag ang epekto ng mga gamot na ito sa loob ng ilang araw hanggang ilang linggo, at ang amitriptyline at duloxetine ay maaaring kailanganin ng ilang linggo sa isang makatwirang dose bago mo ito maayos na husgahan. Ang pinakakaraniwang dahilan kung bakit nawawalan ng pag-asa ang mga tao sa isang gamot na maaaring tumulong ay ang pagbigay ng hinala nang maaga. Kung hindi pa ito gumagana, madalas ay nangangahulugan ito na kailangan nito ng higit pang oras o mas mataas na dose, hindi na ito nabigo.

Binabawasan nito ang lakas ng sakit; bihira nitong ginagawang ganap na walang sakit ang pakiramdam. Nakakatulong ang pag-unawa kung ano ang maituturing na tagumpay. Para sa karamihan, ang magandang resulta ay ang pagiging mas mahina at mas hawak-hawak ng sakit (halimbawa, pagbaba mula sa matindi hanggang sa mild, o pagpapahintulot sa pagtulog) imbes na ang pagkawala nito nang buo. May mga taong nakakakuha ng malaking pagpapagaan, may mga taong kaunti lamang, at may mga taong nakakakita na walang epekto ang isang partikular na gamot, kaya’t madalas itong isyu ng pagsusubok sa isa at, kung kinakailangan, paglipat sa isa pa. Ang pagpares ng gamot sa natitirang bahagi ng iyong paggamot (pagpapanatili ng paggalaw ng kamay, therapy sa kamay, paggamot sa pangunahing dahilan kung saan namin kaya) ay karaniwang mas epektibo kaysa sa anumang tablet nang mag-isa.

Karaniwang side effects. Ang mga karaniwan ay pagkatulog, pagkahilo at tuyo sa bibig; may mga taong nakakakita ng pagtaas ng timbang o banayad na pamamaga ng mga bukong-bukong. Karaniwang pinakamasama ito sa simula at madalas ay bumababa habang umuangkop ang iyong katawan, na eksaktong dahilan kung bakit dahan-dahang pinapataas namin ang dose. Sabihin sa amin kung sila ay nakakaabala; ang pagpapabagal ng pagtaas, o ang pag-aayos ng dose, ay karaniwang naglutas nito.

Pagmamaneho at alak habang umuangkop ka. Dahil maaari nitong gawin kang natutulog o nakakaramdam ng pagkahilo, mag-ingat sa pagmamaneho o pagpapatakbo ng makinarya hanggang sa malaman mo kung paano nakakaapekto ang gamot sa iyo, lalo na sa mga unang araw at pagkatapos ng bawat pagtaas ng dose. Mag-ingat din sa pag-inom ng alak, dahil ito ay nagdaragdag sa pagkatulog.

Huwag itigil ang biglaan. Kapag dumating ang oras upang tumigil sa pag-inom ng isa sa mga gamot na ito, ang dose ay dapat dahan-dahang bawasan (tapered) imbes na itigil nang biglaan. Ang biglaang pagtigil ay maaaring magdulot ng hindi komportableng withdrawal effects. Laging tumigil sa ilalim ng gabay, hindi sa sarili mong desisyon.

Paalala tungkol sa gabapentin at pregabalin bilang mga kontroladong gamot

Ang gabapentin at pregabalin ay ngayon ay itinuturing na mga kontroladong gamot. May dalawang dahilan dito. Una, mayroon silang panganib ng maling paggamit at pagka-depende sa ilang tao. Pangalawa, at pinakamahalaga para sa kaligtasan, sila ay maaaring mapanganib kapag pinagsamang gamitin sa mga opioid o iba pang sedatives (kasama ang malalakas na gamot sa pagtulog at malaking halaga ng alak), dahil magkasamang maaari nilang bawasan ang iyong paghinga.

Sa praktikal na aplikasyon, ito ay nangangahulugan: kunin sila tumpak ayon sa reseta, huwag ibahagi, huwag kunin ng sobra, at siguraduhing alam ng bawat kliniko na nag-o-oobserba sa iyo na gumagamit ka nito, lalo na kung mayroong nag-aalok na magreseta ng opioid na gamot sa sakit o sedatives. Mayroon kaming hiwalay na pahina tungkol sa opioids at pamamahala ng sakit pagkatapos ng operasyon at tungkol sa cannabis at CBD para sa sakit kung ang mga ito ay kaugnay sa iyo.

Walang isa sa mga ito ang dapat humadlang sa iyo. Para sa karamihan ng mga tao, ang mga ito ay ligtas, epektibo, at isang tunay na kapaki-pakinabang na hindi opioid paraan upang kontrolin ang sakit sa nerbiyos. Ang status ng kontroladong gamot ay simpleng dahilan upang gamitin ito nang maingat at lamang ayon sa reseta.

Maghanap ng tulong kung

Makipag-ugnayan sa amin, sa iyong doktor, o humingi ng agad na pangangalaga kung mapansin mo ang mga sumusunod:

  • Matinding pagkatulog o pagkalito, o hindi mo madaling gisingin
  • Pagbabago ng mood, o anumang pag-iisip na makasama ang sarili: agad na ipaalam sa isang tao
  • Mga problema sa paghinga o hindi karaniwang mabagal o mababaw na paghinga, lalo na kung kasabay mong iniinom ang opioid o sedative (tawagan ang mga serbisyo pang-emergency)
  • Mga senyales ng reaksyong alerhiya: pamumula sa balat, pamamaga ng mukha, labi, o dila, o hirap sa paghinga (ito ay isang emergency)

At makipag-ugnayan din kung ang gamot ay hindi talaga nakakatulong matapos ang makatwirang pagsubok, o kung ang mga side effect ay mahirap ipagtanggol; may ilang opsyon, at karaniwang isyu lang ito ng paghahanap ng angkop na para sa iyo.


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