Skip to content

Patients › General-Health

Mga Gamot sa Pananakit ng Nerve (Gabapentin at Pregabalin)

PDF

How medicines like gabapentin and pregabalin settle nerve pain, why they are built up slowly, their side effects, and using them safely.

Isang forearm na may nerve na sinusundan at mga tingling spark marks.
Ang pananakit ng nerve ay pakiramdam na parang nasusunog, tumutusok, o nangangalay — pinapakalma ng mga gamot na ito ang mga over-active na signal ng nerve sa likod nito. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Kung niresetahan ka ng gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline o duloxetine, maaaring magulat ka: hindi ito ang mga painkiller na karaniwang ginagamit ng karamihan. May mabuting dahilan dito. Ang sakit na ginagamot nito, ang nerve pain, ay may ibang katangian kumpara sa ordinaryong sakit, at nangangailangan ito ng ibang uri ng gamot upang mapakalma. Kapag ginamit nang wasto, ang mga ito ay mahalagang, non-opioid na paraan upang pagaanin ang nerve pain.

Ano ang nerve (neuropathic) pain

Karamihan sa mga pananakit ay isang sensitibong alarma: nauntog ang iyong kamay, nagkapasa ang tissue, at sumasakit ang bahaging iyon hanggang sa gumaling ito. Ang nerve pain (tinatawag ito ng mga doktor na neuropathic pain) ay naiiba. Dito, ang problema ay ang mismong nerve: ang isang nerve na naiirita, naipit, o napinsala ay nagsisimulang magpadala ng mga pain signal nang kusa, kahit na kakaunti o walang mali sa balat o tissue na iniuulat nito. Ang alarma, sa madaling salita, ay naging sira at patuloy na tumutunog.

Ang nerve pain ay may tendensiyang magkaroon ng kakaibang pakiramdam. Inilalarawan ito ng mga tao bilang:

  • Burning o mainit
  • Shooting o parang electric-shock, madalas na dumadaloy sa isang linya
  • Pins and needles, pangingilig, o parang may gumagapang
  • Isang bahagi na pakiramdam ay manhid ngunit masakit nang sabay
  • Balat na sobrang sensitibo na kahit magaan na hipo o kumot ay masakit

Maaari itong magmula sa isang naipit na nerve gaya ng carpal tunnel syndrome, mula sa isang nerve injury o pagkatapos ng ilang operasyon, mula sa mga kondisyon tulad ng shingles o diabetes, o mula sa isang kondisyon na tinatawag na CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome) kung saan ang isang limb ay nagiging masakit at oversensitive pagkatapos ng isang pinsala.

Bakit ang mga ordinaryong painkiller ay madalas na hindi gaanong nakakatulong

Ito ang bahaging pinaka-nakakagulat para sa mga tao. Ang Paracetamol, ibuprofen at ang iba pang mga anti-inflammatory ay gumagana pangunahin sa pamamaga at pinsala sa tissue (isang sprain, pasa, site ng operasyon). Ang nerve pain ay hindi talaga problema ng pamamaga; ito ay problema ng isang over-active, mis-firing na nerve. Kaya ang mga karaniwang painkiller, at maging ang malalakas na opioid, ay madalas na maliit lamang ang nababawas sa sakit.

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit kami gumagamit ng ibang grupo ng mga gamot. Sa halip na pakalmahin ang namamagang tissue, gumagana sila sa mismong nervous system, upang hinaan ang volume ng over-active na pain signalling. Una silang binuo para sa ibang mga layunin (ang ilan para sa epilepsy, ang ilan para sa depression), at sa paglipas ng panahon ay natuklasang napakahusay nila sa pagpapakalma ng mga faulty nerve signal. Ang pagrereseta ng isa rito ay hindi nangangahulugang iniisip naming guni-guni lamang ang iyong sakit o mayroon kang epilepsy o depression; nangangahulugan lamang ito na ginagamit namin ang gamot para sa trabahong pinakamahusay nitong ginagawa.

Gabapentin at pregabalin (Lyrica)

Ang dalawang ito ang pangunahing gamot sa paggamot ng nerve-pain at magkaugnay nang malapit. Ang Pregabalin ay ibinebenta sa brand name na Lyrica; ang gabapentin ay ibinebenta rin bilang Neurontin.

Gumagana sila sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakalma sa mga over-active na nerve signalling. Ang isang irritated na nerve ay nag-fa-fire nang bahagya sa pamamagitan ng pagpapapasok ng calcium dito gamit ang maliliit na gates na tinatawag na calcium channels; pinahihina ng gabapentin at pregabalin ang mga channel na iyon, kaya hindi madaling mag-fire ang nerve at mas kaunting mensahe ng sakit ang nakakalusot. Hindi sila anti-inflammatories at hindi sila opioids; pinatatahimik nila ang nerve sa halip na pamanhidin ang tissue.

Isang paalala ng katotohanan: ang mga gamot na ito ay pinaka-nakakatulong sa nerve pain kapag mayroon talagang depektibo at over-firing na nerve sa likod nito. Hindi sila mabuting paraan upang pamahalaan ang karaniwang mga kirot o ang normal na pananakit pagkatapos ng operasyon, at ang pag-inom sa mga ito nang regular "just in case" sa paligid ng surgery ay hindi inirerekomenda; para sa ganoong uri ng sakit, nagdaragdag sila ng mga side-effect nang walang gaanong naibibigay na ginhawa. Nagiging kapaki-pakinabang sila kapag nerve pain ang tunay na problema.

Amitriptyline at duloxetine — ang mga alternatibo

Kung ang gabapentin o pregabalin ay hindi angkop para sa iyo, o hindi lubos na gumagana, may dalawa pang gamot na tumutugon sa parehong problema mula sa ibang anggulo.

  • Ang Amitriptyline ay isang lumang antidepressant na ginagamit dito sa mas mababang dosis kaysa sa ginagamit para sa depresyon. Sa maliliit na dosis na ito, nakakatulong itong palakasin ang sariling pain-dampening pathways ng katawan sa spinal cord at utak. Ang tipikal na panimulang dosis ay napakababa at iniinom sa gabi, bahagya dahil maaari itong makatulong sa pagtulog, na kapaki-pakinabang kapag ang nerve pain ay pumipigil sa iyong pagtulog.
  • Ang Duloxetine ay isang SNRI (isang mas bagong uri ng antidepressant) na, muli, nagpapalakas ng mga natural na pain-control signal na dumadaloy sa nervous system. Ito ay isang partikular na karaniwang pagpipilian para sa nerve pain na may kaugnayan sa diabetes.

Tulad ng gabapentin at pregabalin, ang pag-aalok ng isa sa mga ito ay tungkol sa pain pathway, hindi sa iyong mood.

Paano ginagamit ang mga gamot na ito — ano ang dapat asahan

May ilang praktikal na punto na naaangkop sa lahat ng mga gamot na ito, at ang pag-alam sa mga ito nang maaga ay nagpapadali sa karanasan.

Sinisimulan ang mga ito sa mababang dose at unti-unting itinataas. Karaniwan kang magsisimula sa maliit na dose at itataas ito nang paunti-unti sa loob ng mga araw hanggang linggo. Hindi ito pag-iingat lamang para sa sarili nito. Ang mabagal na pagtaas ay nagbibigay-daan sa iyong katawan na masanay sa gamot at hinahayaan ang mga unang side-effect na humupa, upang sa huli ay makayanan mo ang isang kapaki-pakinabang na dose na maaaring nagpabagsak sa iyo kung nagsimula ka agad dito.

Tumatagal ang mga ito bago tumalab: hindi sila instant. Hindi tulad ng paracetamol, hindi ka iinom ng tablet at makakaramdam ng ginhawa sa loob ng kalahating oras. Ang mga gamot na ito ay binubuo ang kanilang epekto sa loob ng mga araw hanggang ilang linggo, at ang amitriptyline at duloxetine ay maaaring mangailangan ng ilang linggo sa isang makatwirang dose bago mo sila mahusgang suriin. Ang pinaka-karaniwang dahilan kung bakit hindi nakikinabang ang mga tao sa gamot na sana ay nakatulong ay ang pagsuko nang masyadong maaga. Kung hindi pa ito gumagana, madalas na nangangahulugan ito na kailangan nito ng higit pang oras o mas mataas na dose, hindi na ito nabigo.

Binabawasan nito ang tindi ng sakit; bihirang mawala nang tuluyan ang sakit. Nakatutulong na malaman kung ano ang hitsura ng tagumpay. Para sa karamihan ng mga tao, ang isang mabuting resulta ay ang paghina ng sakit at pagiging mas madaling kontrolin (halimbawa, mula sa malala patungong banayad, o hinahayaan kang makatulog) sa halip na mawala ito nang lubusan. Ang ilang tao ay nakakaramdam ng malaking ginhawa, ang iba ay kaunti, at ang iba naman ay nakikita na ang isang partikular na gamot ay walang ginagawa para sa kanila, kaya madalas na kailangang sumubok ng isa at, kung kinakailangan, lumipat sa iba. Ang pagsasama ng gamot sa iba pang bahagi ng iyong paggamot (pagpapanatiling gumagalaw ng kamay, hand therapy, paggamot sa pinag-uugatan ng sanhi kung saan maaari) ay karaniwang mas epektibo kaysa sa anumang tablet nang mag-isa.

Mga karaniwang side-effect. Ang mga karaniwan ay pagkaantok, pagkahilo at tuyong bibig; napapansin ng ilang tao ang pagdagdag ng timbang o bahagyang pamamaga ng mga bukung-bukong. Ang mga ito ay karaniwang pinakamalala sa simula at madalas na humuhupa habang nag-aadjust ang iyong katawan, na siya mismong dahilan kung bakit dahan-dahan naming itinataas ang dose. Sabihan kami kung ang mga ito ay nakakaabala; ang pagbagal sa pagtaas, o pag-adjust ng dose, ay karaniwang nakakaayos nito.

Pagmamaneho at alkohol habang nag-aadjust. Dahil ang mga ito ay maaaring magdulot ng pagkaantok o pagkahilo, mag-ingat sa pagmamaneho o pag-operate ng makinarya hanggang sa malaman mo kung paano ka naaapektuhan ng gamot, lalo na sa mga unang araw at pagkatapos ng bawat pagtaas ng dose. Limitahan din ang pag-inom ng alkohol, dahil nadaragdagan nito ang pagkaantok.

Huwag itigil ang mga ito nang biglaan. Kapag dumating na ang oras upang itigil ang isa sa mga gamot na ito, ang dose ay dapat na unti-unting bawasan (tapered) sa halip na itigil nang magdamag. Ang biglaang paghinto ay maaaring magdulot ng hindi kanais-nais na withdrawal effects. Palaging itigil ang mga ito nang may gabay, hindi nang mag-isa.

Isang paalala tungkol sa gabapentin at pregabalin bilang mga controlled medicine

Ang gabapentin at pregabalin ay itinuturing na ngayon bilang mga controlled medicine. Mayroong dalawang dahilan. Una, may dala itong panganib ng maling paggamit (misuse) at pagdepende sa ilang tao. Pangalawa, at pinakamahalaga para sa kaligtasan, maaari itong maging mapanganib kapag pinagsama sa mga opioid o iba pang sedative (kabilang ang mga malakas na sleeping tablet at labis na alak), dahil kapag pinagsama, maaari nilang pabagalin ang iyong paghinga.

Sa praktikal na aplikasyon, nangangahulugan ito na: inumin ang mga ito eksakto ayon sa nireseta, huwag itong ibahagi sa iba, huwag uminom ng sobra, at siguraduhing alam ng bawat clinician na gumagamot sa iyo na ikaw ay gumagamit nito, lalo na kung may nagbabalak na magreseta sa iyo ng mga opioid painkiller o sedative. Mayroon kaming mga hiwalay na pahina tungkol sa pamamahala ng sakit pagkatapos ng operasyon at tungkol sa cannabis at CBD para sa sakit kung ang mga ito ay may kaugnayan sa iyo.

Hindi dapat maging hadlang ang lahat ng ito. Para sa nakararaming tao, ang mga ito ay ligtas, epektibo, at isang tunay na kapaki-pakinabang na non-opioid na paraan upang makontrol ang nerve pain. Ang katayuan nito bilang controlled medicine ay simpleng dahilan lamang upang gamitin ang mga ito nang may pag-iingat at ayon lamang sa nireseta.

Humingi ng tulong kung

Makipag-ugnayan sa amin, sa iyong GP, o humingi ng urgent care kung mapansin ang mga sumusunod:

  • Matinding pagkaantok o pagkalito, o hindi ka madaling magising
  • Pagbabago sa mood, o anumang kaisipang saktan ang iyong sarili: sabihin agad sa ibang tao
  • Problema sa paghinga o hindi pangkaraniwang mabagal o mababaw na paghinga, lalo na kung gumagamit ka rin ng opioid o sedative (tumawag sa emergency services)
  • Mga palatandaan ng allergic reaction: pantal, pamamaga ng mukha, labi o dila, o hirap sa paghinga (ito ay isang emergency)

At makipag-ugnayan din kung ang gamot ay hindi nakakatulong pagkatapos ng sapat na pagsubok, o kung ang mga side-effect ay mahirap tiisin; mayroong ilang mga opsyon, at karaniwan itong usapin ng paghahanap ng isa na angkop para sa iyo.


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.