Skip to content

Patients › Elbow

Pag-alis ng Olecranon Bursa (Bursectomy)

PDF

What olecranon bursectomy involves, why it is a last resort, and the honest wound-healing and recurrence picture.

Illustrasyon ng isang liko na siko na may pamamaga at puno ng likido na bursa sa dulo ng siko.
Olecranon bursitis: ang pamamaga at puno ng likido na bursa sa dulo ng siko na tinatanggal ng bursectomy. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang olecranon bursa ay isang maliit, madulas na bag na puno ng likido na matatagpuan direkta sa ibabaw ng matalas na bahagi ng buto ng siko. Ang tungkulin nito ay payagan ang iyong balat na dumulas nang maayos sa ibabaw ng buto kapag iyong binabangang at binubuksan ang iyong braso. Kapag ito ay namamaga (dahil sa pagtama, sa maraming taon ng pagtutukod ng siko, sa gout o rheumatoid arthritis, o sa impeksyon), maaari itong punuin ng likido at lumupa ng masakit, minsan ay nakakatakot na tingnan, na buntong sa dulo ng siko. Tinatawag itong olecranon bursitis, at ito ay napakadalas.

Ang mahalagang alam agad ay ang karamihan sa mga kaso ng bursitis ay gumagaling nang sarili o sa pamamagitan ng simpleng hakbang, at ang operasyon ay tunay na huling pagpipilian. Tinitingnan namin lamang ang pag-alis ng bursa kapag ang problema ay matigas na tumangging umalis kahit na ang lahat ng iba pang paraan. Ang pahinang ito ay nagpapaliwanag kung ano ang kinabibilangan ng operasyong ito, kung paano ang iyong paggaling, at, pinakamahalaga, isang tapat na paglalarawan kung bakit ang partikular na operasyong ito ay may mas maraming problema sa paggaling at pagbalik kaysa inaasahan ng mga tao.

Bakit tanggalin ang bursa?

Ang unang hakbang na paggamot para sa pamamaga ng bursa ay halos laging hindi operasyon: pahinga ng siko, pag-iwas sa pagpahinga dito, mga tabletang anti-inflammatory, at minsan ay pagpumpaw ng likido gamit ang karayom (aspirasyon), na minsan ay sinusundan ng steroid injection. Isang pagsusuri sa mga publikadong ebidensya ay nagpakita na ang hindi operasyonal na pamamahala ay nagbibigay ng mas mataas na rate ng paglutas ng problema at mas kaunting komplikasyon kumpara sa direktang pagpasok sa operasyon, na eksaktong dahilan kung bakit sinusubukan muna namin ang mga daang ito.

Isinasaalang-alang lamang namin ang pagtanggal ng bursa (isang "bursectomy") kapag:

  • Ang bursitis ay chronic o paulit-ulit na bumabalik kahit may pahinga, pagbabago sa aktibidad, aspirasyon at/o steroid injection sa loob ng makatwirang panahon ng ilang buwan, at talagang nakakairita sa iyo.
  • Mayroong recurrent o established na impeksyon (isang septic bursa) na hindi nawala sa antibiotics at drainage. Kahit dito, karaniwang sinusubukan muna ng mga surgeon ang drainage at antibiotics; ang mga pag-aaral ay nagpapahiwatig na ang operasyon ay hindi maaasahan na nagbibigay ng mas magandang long-term na resulta para sa impeksyon, kaya ito ay inihahanda lamang para sa mga kaso na hindi naglulutas, kung saan may makapal na pus na hindi ma-draw gamit ang karayom, o isang pointing abscess.
  • Isang bony spur sa dulo ng siko ay paulit-ulit na nakakairita sa bursa, sa kaso na ang spur ay maaaring putulin sa parehong oras.

Sa madaling salita: ang operasyong ito ay para sa iilan lamang na mga bursa na talagang ayaw sumunod. Kung ang iyong pamamaga ay bago, walang sakit, at hindi impektado, napakababa ng posibilidad na ang operasyon ang tamang sagot.

Ano ang kinabibilangan ng operasyon

Karaniwang day case ito, kaya inaasahan mong makauwi ka sa parehong araw, bagaman minsan ay nananatili ang mga pasyente sa ospital sa loob ng isang gabi. Ginagawa ito bilang isang bukas na operasyon: isang maliit na hiwa sa dulo ng siko, sa pamamagitan nito ay maingat na tinatanggal ang buong pamamaga ng bursa, at ang balat ay isasara. Kung may bony spur sa ilalim ng bursa, maaari itong pakinisin sa parehong oras.

Ang anestesia ay karaniwang pangkalahatang anestesia (ganap kang natutulog) o regional block (pinapabango ang braso habang nakagising ka o bahagyang sedado), minsan ay pinagsama. Usapin ng iyong anestesiyista ang pinakamainam na opsyon para sa iyo sa araw ng operasyon.

Mabilis na operasyon ito, ngunit ang kasanayan ay hindi nasa pagtatanggal mismo kundi sa paghawak sa delikadong balat nang maingat at ang maayos na pagsara nito; gaya ng ilarawan sa ibaba, ang balat ang bahagi na nagdudulot ng problema.

Ang bahaging tapat: paggaling at pagbalik

Ito ang seksyong dapat basahin nang dalawang beses, dahil ito ang pangunahing dahilan kung bakit kami ay maingat sa operasyong ito.

Manipis, gumagalaw, at may relatibong mahinang daloy ng dugo ang balat sa dulo ng iyong siko. Ito rin ay bahagi ng katawan na palaging nakakatanggap ng presyon tuwing iniiupo mo ang iyong braso sa mesa, upuan, o pinto ng kotse. Ang kombinasyong ito ay nangangahulugang ang mga problema sa paggaling ng sugat at ang pagbabalik ng bursa (recurrence) ang dalawang bagay na pinakamadalas na maging mali, higit pa kaysa sa karamihan ng mga operasyong katulad ng laki nito. Hindi dahil mahirap ang operasyon; kundi dahil ang siko ay isang hindi patawaring lugar para gumawa ng sugat.

Ano ang sinasabi ng ebidensya? Mahalagang maging tapat na ang mga publikadong pag-aaral ay karamihan ay maliit na serye ng kaso, kaya't magkakaiba ang mga numero. Isa sa malawak na pagsusuri sa mga pasyente na nakakuha ng bursectomy ay nag-ulat na humigit-kumulang isa sa siyam ay nangangailangan ng karagdagang (revision) operasyon, at ang mga taong may rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, o bursitis sa parehong siko ay may mas mataas na panganib na nangangailangan ng karagdagang operasyon. Ang mga pasyente na may rheumatoid arthritis partikular na mas malamang na nangangailangan ng skin flap upang maging maayos ang paggaling ng sugat. Ang mga pag-aaral ay nag-uulat ng makabuluhang rate ng mga komplikasyon sa sugat tulad ng pagkaantala ng paggaling, pagkasira ng sugat, pagtitipon ng likido (seroma), at impeksyon. Ang mahalagang natutunan ay hindi isang eksaktong porsyento; kundi ang pattern: ang operasyong ito ay may mas mataas kaysa karaniwang pagkakataon ng mabagal o mapagpahirap na sugat, at may tunay na pagkakataon na bumalik ang pamamaga.

Ginagawa namin ang ilang bagay upang baguhin ang mga tsansa para sa iyong kabutihan, at ang iyong bahagi dito ay kasing halaga ng amin:

  • Maingat na paghawak at maingat na pagsara sa oras ng operasyon, at (kung angkop sa problema) pag-iwas sa paggawa ng incision sa dulo ng siko.
  • Isang matibay na compression dressing pagkatapos upang pigilan ang pagtitipon ng likido, at minsan ay isang splint upang panatilihing tahimik ang siko habang ang balat ay nagkakabit.
  • Pinakamahalaga: huwag umupo sa siko. Ang presyon sa isang gumagaling na siko ang pinakamalaking sanhi ng pagkasira ng sugat at pagbabalik ng bursa. Ang pag-iwas sa bigat sa loob ng ilang linggo ay tunay na nagbabago sa iyong resulta.

Wala sa mga ito ang layunin na takutin ka. Layunin nitong siguraduhin na kung gagawin namin ang operasyon, pumasok ka nang may malinaw na pananaw, at na nauunawaan mo na ang mga tagubilin sa paggaling ay hindi opsyonal na pagiging mapagpahirap, kundi ang bagay na nagpoprotekta sa resulta.

Ang iyong paggaling

Lahat ay gumagaling sa sarili nitong bilis, at ang mga tiyak na instruksyon ng iyong doktor ang laging unahin, ngunit narito ang pangkalahatang balangkas ng mga bagay.

Ang unang isang o dalawang linggo. Magkakaroon ka ng matibay, may pad na compression dressing sa siko, kadalasan ay may kasamang splint. Panatilihing malinis at tuyo ang dressing, itaas ang braso kapag maaari upang bawasan ang pamamaga, at kumuha ng simpleng gamot sa sakit ayon sa payo. Ang pinakamagandang bagay na maaari mong gawin sa mga unang linggong ito ay panatilihing tahimik ang siko at iwasan ang anumang presyon sa likod nito: huwag magpahinga ng bigat dito, huwag magtayo sa mga mesa o armrest. Karaniwang okay ang banayad na paggalaw ng mga daliri, pulso, at balikat at nakakatulong ito upang maiwasan ang pagkasikip.

Mga tahi at dressing. Karaniwang pinapanatili ang compression wrap sa loob ng mga unang ilang araw, at maraming doktor ang humihingi sa iyo na panatilihin ang isang magaan na compressive (ACE-type) wrap sa siko sa loob ng ilang linggo pagkatapos upang maiwasan ang pagbubuo ng likido muli. Karaniwang tinatanggal ang mga tahi sa loob ng 7 hanggang 10 araw sa klinika, pagkatapos na magkaroon ng pagkakataon ang balat na mag-seal. Susuriin namin ang sugat nang mabuti sa bisitang ito, dahil maaaring mabagal ang paggaling ng siko.

Pagbabalik sa paggalaw. Kapag naitatag na ang sugat at natanggal na ang mga tahi, dahan-dahan kang babalik sa paggamit ng braso. Maraming tao ang pinapayuhan na muling magsimula ng karamihan sa mga normal na gawain at buong paggamit ng siko sa loob ng humigit-kumulang tatlo hanggang anim na linggo, kung saan ang buong pag-aayos ng pamamaga ay kadalasang nangyayari sa paligid ng markang anim na linggo. Maaaring magtakda ang iyong doktor ng pansamantalang limitasyon sa mabibigat na pag-angat sa maagang yugto habang nagmamatura ang balat.

Pagmamaneho ay makatwiran kapag kumportable ka na sa paggalaw ng siko, wala ka na sa malakas na gamot sa sakit, at maaari kang ligtas na kontrolin ang sasakyan at gawin ang emergency stop; para sa maraming tao, ito ay ilang linggo, ngunit nakadepende ito sa kung aling braso at kung paano ka gumagaling, kaya magtanong muna sa amin.

Trabaho ay lubos na nakadepende sa iyong trabaho. Ang trabahong nakabatay sa desk ay madalas na kayang gawin sa loob ng isang o dalawang linggo (pag-iwas sa pagtayo sa siko). Ang trabahong may kinalaman sa mabibigat na pag-angat, pagdudulog sa siko, o anumang nagdudulot ng presyon o tensyon sa siko ay karaniwang nangangailangan ng mas mahabang panahon (ilang linggo) at minsan ay isang phased return. Sabihin sa amin kung ano ang iyong trabaho at magbibigay kami ng tailored advice.

Sa buong proseso, tandaan ang paulit-ulit na tema: protektahan ang dulo ng siko. Ang mga patakaran sa paggaling ay nililikha upang bigyan ang manipis, masipag na balat na ito ng pinakamagandang pagkakataon na gumaling nang isang beses at manatiling gumagaling.

Kailan humingi ng tulong

Ang kaunting pamamaga, pamumula, at panghihina ng katawan ay normal pagkatapos ng operasyong ito. Ngunit mangyaring makipag-ugnayan agad sa iyong surgeon, sa iyong GP, o sa isang after-hours clinic kung mapansin mo ang anumang senyales na hindi mabuti ang paggaling ng sugat o naging impeksyon ito, tulad ng:

  • Kumakalat na pamumula, lumalaking init, o lumalalang pananakit sa paligid ng sugat pagkatapos ng unang ilang araw.
  • Ang sugat ay bukas, dumudulas ang likido o puti, o may masangsang amoy.
  • Lagnat, pakiramdam na hindi mabuti ang kabuuang kalagayan, o pagkagigil.
  • Ang siko ay bumubuo muli nang malaki: maaaring ito ay nangangahulugan na nagkakaroon ng muling pagtitipon ng likido.

Hiwalay dito, at katulad ng anumang operasyon, ang mga blood clot ay isang bihirang ngunit seryosong panganib. Pumunta agad sa emergency department (o tumawag ng emergency services) kung ikaw ay magkaroon ng masakit, pamamaga, at mainit na binti, o (mas urgent) biglaang paghihirap sa paghinga, sakit sa dibdib, o pagtutuka ng dugo. Maaaring ito ay mga senyales ng clot sa binti o baga at nangangailangan ng agad na pagsusuri.

Kung ikaw ay hindi sigurado kung ang isang bagay ay normal, laging mas mainam na magtanong. Mas gusto naming makita ang sugat nang maaga at yakapin ka kaysa hayaang maging mas malaki ang isang maliit na problema, lalo na sa siko kung saan ang maagang pag-aalaga sa isang hirap na sugat ay nagdudulot ng tunay na pagkakaiba.


Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

CC Creative Commons licence
BY Attribution — you must credit the source
NC NonCommercial — not for commercial use

Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International


Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest extent possible.

Using Creative Commons Public Licenses

Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.

Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- licensed material, or material used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors

Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public: wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees


Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.

Section 1 -- Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.

i. NonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.

j. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

k. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

l. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.

Section 2 -- Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:

a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and

b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) (4) never produces Adapted Material.

5. Downstream recipients.

a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.

b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.

Section 3 -- License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:

i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);

ii. a copyright notice;

iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;

iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;

v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;

b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and

c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.


Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.