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Pag-alis ng Olecranon Bursa (Bursectomy)

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What olecranon bursectomy involves, why it is a last resort, and the honest wound-healing and recurrence picture.

Illustrasyon ng isang liko na siko na may pamamaga at puno ng likido na bursa sa dulo ng siko.
Olecranon bursitis: ang pamamaga at puno ng likido na bursa sa dulo ng siko na tinatanggal ng bursectomy. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang olecranon bursa ay isang maliit, madulas na bagay na puno ng likido na matatagpuan direkta sa itaas ng matalas na bahagi ng buto ng siko. Ang tungkulin nito ay payagan ang iyong balat na dumulas nang maayos sa ibabaw ng buto kapag ikaw ay yumuyuko at nagwawasto ng iyong braso. Kapag ito ay namamaga (dahil sa pagkabangga, sa maraming taon ng pagpapahiga ng siko, sa gout o rheumatoid arthritis, o sa impeksyon), ito ay maaaring punuin ng likido at lumaki maging isang masakit, minsan ay nakakatakot tingnan, na pamamaga sa dulo ng siko. Ito ay tinatawag na olecranon bursitis, at ito ay napakadalas.

Ang mahalagang dapat malaman agad ay ang karamihan sa mga kaso ng bursitis ay gumagaling nang sarili o sa pamamagitan ng simpleng hakbang, at ang operasyon ay tunay na huling pagpipilian. Tinitingnan namin lamang ang pag-alis ng bursa kapag ang problema ay matigas na tumangging mawala kahit na ang lahat ng iba pang paraan. Ang pahinang ito ay naglalarawan kung ano ang kinabibilangan ng operasyong ito, kung paano ang iyong paggaling, at, pinakamahalaga, isang tapat na paglalarawan kung bakit ang partikular na operasyong ito ay may mas maraming problema sa paggaling at pagbalik ng sakit kaysa inaasahan ng mga tao.

Bakit tanggalin ang bursa?

Sa aming klinika, si Dr Kieran Hirpara ang nag-uudyok sa mga pasyente na sumailalim sa maingat na pagsusuri upang kumpirmahin ang diagnosis at tuklasin muna ang mga opsyon na hindi kailangan ng operasyon. Karaniwan kaming nagre-rekomenda ng operasyon lamang kapag ang mga konservatibong paggamot ay hindi nagbigay ng sapat na ginhawa para sa mga matagal nang problema.

Ang unang hakbang na paggamot para sa pamamaga ng bursa ay halos laging hindi kailangan ng operasyon: pahinga ng siko, pag-iwas sa pagtindig o pag-upo sa siko, mga tabletang anti-inflammatory, at minsan ay pag-drain ng likido gamit ang karayom (aspirasyon), na minsan ay sinusundan ng steroid injection. Isang pagsusuri sa mga publikadong ebidensya ay nagpakita na ang hindi-operasyonal na pamamahala ay nagbibigay ng mas mataas na rate ng paglutas ng problema at mas kaunting komplikasyon kaysa sa direktang pagpunta sa operasyon, na eksaktong dahilan kung bakit amin ang sinusubukan muna ang mga daang ito.

Aming pinag-iisipan lamang ang pagtanggal ng bursa (isang "bursectomy") kapag:

  • Ang bursitis ay chronic o paulit-ulit na bumabalik kahit may pahinga, pagbabago ng aktibidad, aspirasyon at/o steroid injection sa loob ng makatwirang panahon ng ilang buwan, at talagang nakakapagpahirap sa iyo.
  • Mayroong recurrent o established na impeksyon (isang septic bursa) na hindi nawala sa pamamagitan ng antibiotics at drainage. Kahit dito, karaniwang sinusubukan muna ng mga surgeon ang drainage at antibiotics; ang mga pag-aaral ay nagmumungkahi na ang operasyon ay hindi maaasahang nagbibigay ng mas magandang long-term na resulta para sa impeksyon, kaya ito ay inilalaan lamang para sa mga kaso na hindi natatapos, kung saan may makapal na pus na hindi ma-drain gamit ang karayom, o isang pointing abscess.
  • May bony spur sa dulo ng siko na paulit-ulit na nakakairita sa bursa, sa kaso na ito, maaaring putulin ang spur sa parehong oras.

Sa madaling salita: ang operasyong ito ay para sa iilan lamang sa mga bursa na simpleng ayaw sumunod. Kung ang iyong pamamaga ay bago, walang sakit, at hindi impektado, napakababa ng posibilidad na ang operasyon ang tamang sagot.

Ano ang kinabibilangan ng operasyon

Karaniwang day case ito, kaya inaasahan mong makauwi ka sa parehong araw, bagaman minsan ay nananatili ang mga pasyente sa ospital sa loob ng isang gabi. Ginagawa ito bilang isang bukas na operasyon: may maliit na hiwa sa dulo ng siko, sa pamamagitan nito ay maingat na tinatanggal ang buong pamamaga ng bursa, at ang balat ay isasara. Kung may bony spur sa ilalim ng bursa, maaari itong pakinisin sa parehong oras.

Ang anestesia ay karaniwang pangkalahatang anestesia (ganap kang natutulog) o regional block (nababagabag ang braso habang gising ka o bahagyang sedado), minsan ay pinagsama. Usapin ng iyong anestesista ang pinakamainam na opsyon para sa iyo sa araw ng operasyon.

Mabilis na operasyon ito, ngunit ang kahusayan ay hindi nasa pagtatanggal mismo kundi sa paghawak sa delikadong balat nang maingat at ang maayos na pagsara nito; gaya ng ilarawan sa ibaba, ang balat ang bahagi na nagdudulot ng problema.

Ang bahaging tapat: paggaling at pagbalik

Ito ang seksyong dapat basahin nang dalawang beses, dahil ito ang pangunahing dahilan kung bakit kami ay maingat sa operasyong ito.

Manipis, gumagalaw, at may relatibong mahinang daloy ng dugo ang balat sa dulo ng iyong siko. Ito rin ay bahagi ng katawan na patuloy na pinipindot kapag inahon mo ang iyong braso sa mesa, upuan, o pinto ng kotse. Ang kombinasyong ito ay nangangahulugang ang mga problema sa paggaling ng sugat at ang pagbabalik ng bursa (recurrence) ang dalawang bagay na pinakamadalas na mabigo, higit pa kaysa sa karamihan ng mga operasyong katulad ng laki nito. Hindi dahil mahirap ang operasyon; kundi dahil ang siko ay isang hindi patawaring lugar para gumawa ng sugat.

Ano ang sinasabi ng ebidensya? Mahalagang maging tapat na ang mga nakapublikong pag-aaral ay karamihan ay maliit na serye ng mga kaso, kaya't magkakaiba ang mga numero. Isa sa malawak na pagsusuri sa mga pasyente na nagsagawa ng bursectomy ay nag-ulat na humigit-kumulang isa sa siyam ay nangangailangan ng karagdagang (revision) operasyon, at ang mga taong may rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, o bursitis sa parehong siko ay may mas mataas na panganib na kailangan ng karagdagang operasyon. Ang mga pasyente na may rheumatoid arthritis partikular ay mas malamang na kailanganin ng skin flap upang maging maayos ang paggaling ng sugat. Ang mga pag-aaral ay nag-uulat ng makabuluhang rate ng mga komplikasyon sa sugat tulad ng pagkaantala ng paggaling, pagkasira ng sugat, pagtipon ng likido (seroma), at impeksyon. Ang aral na dapat matutunan ay hindi isang tumpak na porsyento; kundi ang pattern: ang operasyong ito ay may mas mataas kaysa karaniwang pagkakataon ng mabagal o mapagpahirap na sugat, at may tunay na pagkakataon na bumalik ang pamamaga.

Ginagawa namin ang ilang bagay upang baguhin ang mga tsansa para sa iyong benepisyo, at ang iyong bahagi dito ay kasinghalaga ng amin:

  • Maingat na paghawak at maingat na pagsara sa panahon ng operasyon, at (kung angkop sa problema) pag-iwas sa paggawa ng incision sa dulo ng siko.
  • Isang matibay na compression dressing pagkatapos upang pigilan ang pagtipon ng likido, at minsan ay isang splint upang panatilihing tahimik ang siko habang nagkakabit ang balat.
  • Pinakamahalaga: huwag magpahinga sa siko. Ang presyon sa isang gumagaling na siko ay ang pinakamalaking sanhi ng pagkasira ng sugat at pagbabalik ng bursa. Ang pag-iwas sa bigat dito sa loob ng ilang linggo ay tunay na nagbabago sa iyong resulta.

Wala sa mga ito ang layuning takutin ka. Layunin nitong siguraduhin na kung kami ay mag-ooperate, pumasok ka na may malinaw na pananaw, at na nauunawaan mo na ang mga tagubilin sa paggaling ay hindi opsyonal na pagiging mahigpit, kundi ang bagay na nagprotekt sa resulta.

Ang iyong paggaling

Ang bawat isa ay gumagaling sa sariling bilis, at ang mga partikular na instruksyon ng iyong doktor ang laging may pinakamataas na prioridad, ngunit narito ang pangkalahatang anyo ng mga bagay.

Ang unang isang o dalawang linggo. Magkakaroon ka ng matigas, may pad na compression dressing sa siko, madalas na may splint. Panatilihing malinis at tuyo ang dressing, itaas ang braso kapag maaari upang bawasan ang pamamaga, at kumuha ng simpleng gamot sa sakit ayon sa payo. Ang pinakamagagamit na bagay na maaari mong gawin sa mga unang linggong ito ay panatilihing tahimik ang siko at panatilihing walang pressure sa likod nito: huwag magpahinga ng timbang dito, huwag magtayo sa mga mesa o armrest. Karaniwang okay ang banayad na paggalaw ng daliri, pulso, at balikat at tumutulong ito upang maiwasan ang pagkatigas.

Mga tahi at dressing. Karaniwang pinapanatili ang compression wrap sa loob ng mga unang ilang araw, at maraming doktor ang humihingi sa iyo na panatilihin ang isang magaan na compressive (ACE-type) wrap sa siko sa loob ng ilang linggo pagkatapos upang pigilan ang pagbuo ng fluid muli. Karaniwang tinatanggal ang mga tahi sa humigit-kumulang 7 hanggang 10 araw sa klinika, pagkatapos na magkaroon ng pagkakataon ang balat na selyuhan. Susuriin namin ang sugat nang mabuti sa bisitang ito, dahil maaaring mabagal ang paggaling ng siko.

Pagbabalik sa paggalaw. Kapag naitataguyod na ang sugat at tinanggal na ang mga tahi, dahan-dahan kang babalik sa paggamit ng braso. Maraming tao ang pinapayuhan na muling mag-umpisa ng karamihan sa karaniwang mga gawain at buong paggamit ng siko sa loob ng humigit-kumulang tatlo hanggang anim na linggo, na may kumpletong pag-aayos ng pamamaga na madalas na tumatagal ng humigit-kumulang sa markang anim na linggo. Maaaring magtakda ang iyong doktor ng pansamantalang limitasyon sa mabigat na pag-angat sa maagang yugto habang ang balat ay nagmatatanda.

Pagmamaneho ay makatwiran kapag maaari mo nang komportableng galawin ang siko, wala ka nang sa malakas na gamot sa sakit, at maaari mong ligtas na kontrolin ang sasakyan at isagawa ang emergency stop; para sa maraming tao ito ay ilang linggo, ngunit nakadepende ito sa kung aling braso at kung paano ka gumagaling, kaya magtanong muna sa amin.

Trabaho ay nakadepende nang ekslusibo sa iyong trabaho. Ang isang trabaho na nakabatay sa desk ay madalas na mapamahalaan sa loob ng isang o dalawang linggo (pag-iingat na huwag magtayo sa siko). Ang isang trabaho na kinasasangkutan ng mabigat na pag-angat, pagdudulog sa siko, o anumang bagay na naglalagay ng pressure o stress sa siko ay karaniwang nangangailangan ng mas mahabang panahon (ilang linggo) at minsan ay isang phased return. Sabihin sa amin kung ano ang iyong trabaho at bibigyan ka namin ng tailored na payo.

Sa buong panahon, tandaan ang paulit-ulit na tema: protektahan ang dulo ng siko. Ang mga patakaran sa paggaling ay lahat ng ito ay umiiral upang bigyan ang manipis, mahirap na trabaho na balat ng pinakamahusay na pagkakataon na gumaling nang isang beses at manatiling gumaling.

Kailan humingi ng tulong

Ang kaunting pamamaga, pamumula, at kahirapan ay normal pagkatapos ng operasyong ito. Ngunit mangyaring kumontak agad sa iyong surgeon, GP, o after-hours clinic kung mapansin mo ang anumang senyales na hindi mabuti ang paggaling ng sugat o nagiging infected, tulad ng:

  • Kumakalat na pamumula, lumalaking init, o lumalalang pananakit sa paligid ng sugat pagkatapos ng unang ilang araw.
  • Ang sugat na bukas, tumutulo ng likido o pus, o may masamang amoy.
  • Lagnat, pakiramdam na hindi mabuti ang pangkalahatang kalusugan, o pagkabagabag.
  • Ang siko ay bumubuo muli nang malaki: maaaring ito ay nangangahulugan na bumabalik ang likido.

Hiwalay dito, at katulad ng anumang operasyon, ang mga blood clot ay isang bihirang ngunit seryosong panganib. Pumunta agad sa emergency department (o tumawag ng emergency services) kung ikaw ay magkaroon ng masakit, pamamaga, mainit na binti, o (mas mapanganib) biglaang pagkahirap sa paghinga, pananakit ng dibdib, o pagtutula ng dugo. Maaaring ito ay mga senyales ng clot sa binti o baga at nangangailangan ng agad na pagsusuri.

Kung ikaw ay hindi sigurado kung ang anumang bagay ay normal, laging mas mainam na magtanong. Mas gusto naming makita ang sugat nang maaga at yakapin ka kaysa hayaang maging mas malaki ang maliit na problema, lalo na sa siko kung saan ang agad na pag-aalaga sa isang hirap na sugat ay may tunay na epekto.


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