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Timbang, Obesidad at Kalusugan ng Kasu-kasuan

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How body weight and obesity affect joint load, osteoarthritis, and the risks and outcomes of joint surgery — including the role of weight loss before an operation.

Updated Aug 2026
Isang timbangan sa banyo.
Ang sobrang bigat ay nagdudulot ng stress sa mga kasu-kasuan at nagpapataas ng panganib sa operasyon; kahit kaunting pagbaba ng timbang ay makakapagpahina ng mga sintomas at makakapagpaganda ng resulta. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang nararamdaman mo

Maaaring mapansin mo na mas malalim at mas patuloy ang sakit ng iyong kasukasuan kumpara sa dati. Ito ay dahil ang obesity ay higit pa sa mekanikal na bigat sa tuhod; ito ay isang sistematikong sakit na may malalim na mga epekto ng pamamaga sa kalusugan ng kasukasuan. Ang karagdagang timbang ay nagdudulot ng stress sa iyong mga kasukasuan, ngunit ang pamamaga ay nagdaragdag sa sakit. Maaaring maranasan mo ang sakit na ito kahit naka-rest ka.

Ang mga pang-araw-araw na gawain ay maaaring maging mahirap. Ang mga simpleng galaw tulad ng pag-abot sa likod ng iyong likod upang isara ang bra o pagtupi ng damit ay maaaring magdulot ng matulis na discomfort. Maaaring mahirapan kang matulog sa iyong gilid dahil ang pressure ay nagpapalala sa pamagang kasukasuan. Madalas na lumala ang sakit pagkatapos ng aktibidad, na nag-iwan sa iyo ng stiff at masakit. Maaari ka ring maramdaman ang stiffness kapag gising ka muna sa umaga.

Mahalagang malaman na ang timbang ng iyong katawan ay hindi nagtatakda ng iyong resulta. Ang pagtaas ng severity ng obesity ay hindi nauugnay sa mas mataas na rates ng postoperative stiffness pagkatapos ng total knee arthroplasty. Ang iyong surgeon ay makakatulong upang pamahalaan ang mga sintomas na ito sa pamamagitan ng custom na surgical planning at pag-aalaga sa ibang kondisyon sa kalusugan. Ang pagtuon sa mga lugar na ito ay makakatulong upang makamit mo ang mga resulta na katulad ng mga pasyente na may normal na BMIs.

Ang pag-aalala lamang sa stiffness ay hindi dapat maging hadlang sa surgery kapag klinikal na indikado. Gayundin, ang class ng obesity ay hindi nauugnay sa incidence, timing, o invasiveness ng reoperations pagkatapos ng total hip arthroplasty. Ang ten-year functional outcomes at revision rates ay hindi nagbibigay-daan upang limitahan ang access sa surgery batay sa body mass index. Ang iyong surgeon ay masusuri ang iyong mga partikular na pangangailangan upang masiguro na makakatanggap ka ng pinakamahusay na pag-aalaga na posible.

Ano ang talagang nangyayari

Ang iyong mga kasu-kasuan ay higit pa sa simpleng bisagra. Ito ay mga kumplikadong sistema kung saan nagtatagpo ang mga buto, na may proteksyon ng makinis na kartilago. Isipin ang kartilago bilang isang shock absorber o gasket na nagpapahintulot sa iyong mga buto na dumulas nang hindi nagkukuskos. Sa obesity, ang sistemang ito ay nahaharap sa dalawang uri ng stress. Una, ang mechanical load. Ang sobrang bigat ay pumipiga sa mga kasu-kasuang ito sa bawat hakbang.

Ngunit lumalalim ang problema kaysa sa bigat lamang. Ang obesity ay isang systemic na sakit. Ito ay nagdudulot ng malalim na mga epekto ng pamamaga para sa kalusugan ng iyong mga kasu-kasuan. Inilalabas ng iyong katawan ang mga kemikal na nag-iirita sa lining ng kasu-kasuan. Ang pamamagang ito ay maaaring pabilisin ang pagkasira, kahit na tila manageable ang mechanical pressure. Hindi ito tungkol lamang sa gravity; ito ay tungkol sa biyolohiya.

Ang kombinasyon ng pressure at pamamaga ang nagpapakita kung bakit karaniwang lumalala ang mga sintomas habang tumataas ang body mass index. Maaaring makaramdam ka ng stiffness o sakit dahil ang kapaligiran ng kasu-kasuan ay hostile. Mas mabilis na nagde-degrade ang makinis na coating sa dulo ng iyong mga buto. Ang mga tissue sa paligid ng kasu-kasuan ay namamaga at sensitibo. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit kritikal ang pamamahala ng iyong timbang para sa long-term na kalusugan ng kasu-kasuan.

Gayunpaman, ang mataas na body mass index ay hindi nangangahulugan na hindi ka kabilang sa treatment. Ang kasalukuyang ebidensya ay nagpapakita na ang obesity class ay hindi nauugnay sa incidence, timing, o invasiveness ng reoperations pagkatapos ng total hip arthroplasty. Ang body mass index na 45 ay isang ligtas na cut-off para sa cementless total knee arthroplasty. Ang pagtaas ng severity ng obesity ay hindi nauugnay sa mas mataas na rates ng postoperative stiffness pagkatapos ng total knee arthroplasty.

Ang iyong surgeon ay nakatuon sa pamamahala ng preoperative comorbidities at custom na surgical planning. Ang pamamaraang ito ay maaaring makamit ang mga resulta na katumbas ng mga ng mga pasyente na may normal na BMIs sa ambulatory surgical centers. Ang body mass index ay hindi dapat maglingkod bilang exclusion criterion para sa primary total joint arthroplasty sa ambulatory surgical centers. Ang pagtataguyod ng mas inclusive, evidence-based na pagpili ng pasyente ay tumutulong sa iyo na makakuha ng kailangan mong paggamot.

Ang ten-year functional outcomes at revision rates ng total hip arthroplasty ay hindi nagdudulot ng paghihigpit sa access sa surgery batay sa body mass index. Ang kasalukuyang corpus ng literatura tungkol sa tibial stem extension sa total knee arthroplasty para sa mga obese na pasyente ay limitado at heterogeneous. Ito ay lumilikha ng uncertainty imbes na patunayan ang inefficacy. Kinakailangan ang mga future multicenter studies na may standardized implant designs, consistent na BMI stratification, at hindi bababa sa 10 taon ng follow-up bago maaaring gumawa ng definitive na konklusyon tungkol sa tibial stem extension sa mga obese na pasyente sa total knee arthroplasty.

Ano ang inaasahan

Ang iyong timbang ay higit pa sa isang numero sa timbangan. Ito ay isang sistematikong salik na nakakaapekto sa kalusugan ng iyong mga kasu-kasuan. Ang mas mataas na body mass index (BMI) ay maaaring magpalakas ng pamamaga sa iyong katawan. Ang sakit na ito sa buong katawan ay nakakaapekto sa pakiramdam at pag-andar ng iyong mga kasu-kasuan sa paglipas ng panahon. Gayunpaman, hindi ito awtomatikong nagdidiskwalipika sa iyo para sa operasyon.

Ang kasalukuyang ebidensya ay nagpapakita na ang mas mataas na body mass index ay hindi nagdudulot ng mas masamang resulta para sa maraming mga prosedura sa kasu-kasuan. Halimbawa, ang kabigatan ng obesidad ay hindi nauugnay sa mas mataas na rate ng pagkahigpit ng kasu-kasuan pagkatapos ng total knee replacement. Hindi rin ito nagdudulot ng mas masamang resulta kung kailangan mong manginam na sa ilalim ng anestesia upang muling mabawi ang galaw. Hindi gagamitin ng iyong doktor ang mga alalahanin sa pagkahigpit lamang upang pigilan ang iyong operasyon kung kinakailangan sa klinikal na aspeto.

Para sa mga prosedura sa balikat, ang klase ng obesidad ay hindi nagbabago ng panganib, oras, o pangangailangan para sa mga ulit na operasyon. Ang mga resulta sa loob ng sampung taon at ang mga rate ng revision ay hindi nagbibigay-daan upang limitahan ang access sa total hip replacement base sa BMI lamang. Sa katunayan, ang body mass index na 45 ay itinuturing na ligtas na hangganan para sa ilang mga uri ng knee replacement. Habang limitado ang datos para sa mas mataas na timbang, ang pagtuon sa pamamahala ng ibang kondisyon sa kalusugan at ang pagpaplano ng operasyon na angkop sa iyo ay maaaring tumulong upang makamit ang mga resulta na katulad ng mga pasyente na may normal na timbang.

Kung ikaw ay nag-aalala ng hip arthroscopy para sa impingement, maging mapagbantay na ang mga pasyenteng may obesidad at sobrang timbang ay nagkakaroon ng mas mataas na rate ng paglipat sa total hip replacement kumpara sa mga pasyenteng may normal na timbang. Ipinapahiwatig nito na ang mas maagang interbensyon ay maaaring makabuluhan para sa ilang mga tao.

Sa kabuuan, titingnan ng iyong doktor ang iyong pangkalahatang kalusugan, hindi lamang ang iyong timbang. Ang pamamahala ng mga kondisyon bago ang operasyon at ang maingat na pagpaplano ay maaaring magdulot ng matagumpay na resulta. Ang layunin ay mapabuti ang iyong kalidad ng buhay. Ang iyong pag-asa ay nakadepende sa isang personalisadong plano na tumutugon sa iyong mga tiyak na pangangailangan at kalagayan sa kalusugan.

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 13 June 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • Body Mass Index greater than 40 is not correlated with early complications in patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty at an ambulatory surgical center [1].
  • Focusing on management of preoperative comorbidities and custom surgical planning can achieve outcomes comparable to those of patients with normal BMIs at ambulatory surgical centers [1].
  • BMI should not be used as an exclusion criterion for arthroplasty based on current evidence [1].
  • A BMI of 45 is a safe cut-off for cementless total knee arthroplasty, though sample sizes were too small to draw conclusions for patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 45 [2].
  • Body mass index does not affect clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears [3].
  • No significant differences were observed between above-average and below-average BMI groups in clinical outcomes for posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • BMI was not correlated with clinical improvements in posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • Obesity is a systemic disease with profound inflammatory consequences on joint health, extending beyond being a mechanical burden on the knee [4].
  • Increasing obesity severity is not associated with higher rates of postoperative stiffness following total knee arthroplasty [5].
  • Increasing obesity severity is not associated with inferior outcomes following manipulation under anesthesia for stiffness after total knee arthroplasty [5].
  • Concern for stiffness alone should not serve as a categorical barrier to total knee arthroplasty or manipulation under anesthesia when clinically indicated [5].
  • WHO obesity class does not associate with the incidence of reoperations after total hip arthroplasty [6].
  • WHO obesity class does not associate with the timing of reoperations after total hip arthroplasty [6].
  • WHO obesity class does not associate with the invasiveness of reoperations after total hip arthroplasty [6].
  • Current evidence does not support the routine use of tibial stem extensions in obese total knee arthroplasty patients due to insufficient, heterogeneous, and very low certainty data [7].
  • Specific tibial stem extension designs may benefit selected populations of obese total knee arthroplasty patients [7].
  • Obese and overweight patients converted to total hip arthroplasty at significantly higher rates compared with normal-weight patients after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome [13].
  • Patients with obesity had greater than 2-fold odds of conversion to total hip arthroplasty after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome [17].
  • Ten-year functional outcomes and revision rates of total hip arthroplasty do not justify restricting access to surgery on the basis of BMI [28].

How It Works

  • High body mass index elevates the risk of both knee and hand osteoarthritis irrespective of metabolic status [23].
  • The increased risk of knee osteoarthritis attributed to high BMI is more evident in metabolically healthy participants [23].
  • Obesity and preexisting osteoarthritis are known risk factors for predicting poor outcomes and conversion to arthroplasty after knee arthroscopy [14].
  • Following medial meniscus posterior root tear repair, osteoarthritis progression shows higher rates with elevated body mass index [20].
  • Body mass index has a weak-to-moderate association with peri-incisional adiposity in primary total joint arthroplasty patients [10].
  • Body mass index is not an appropriate proxy for the condition of peri-incisional adiposity in primary total joint arthroplasty patients [10].
  • The soft tissue-to-bone ratio reflects local anatomical factors that directly influence surgical exposure and wound healing, outperforming body mass index in predicting periprosthetic joint infection in total knee arthroplasty [19].
  • Focusing on management of preoperative comorbidities and custom surgical planning can achieve outcomes comparable to those of patients with normal body mass index at ambulatory surgical centers, questioning body mass index as an exclusion criterion [1].
  • Body mass index of 45 is a safe cut-off for cementless total knee arthroplasty, although sample sizes were too small to draw conclusions in patients with a body mass index greater than or equal to 45 [2].
  • Body mass index does not affect clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears, with no significant differences observed between above-average and below-average body mass index groups [3].
  • Increasing obesity severity is not associated with higher rates of postoperative stiffness or inferior outcomes following manipulation under anesthesia after total knee arthroplasty [5].
  • World Health Organization obesity class does not associate with incidence, timing, or invasiveness of reoperations after total hip arthroplasty [6].
  • Modern surgical practices and implant designs may have mitigated traditional obesity-related risks, showing minimal impact on loosening and mechanical failure in total knee arthroplasty [8].
  • High body mass index is associated with comparable functional outcomes but higher mechanical failures in functionally aligned image-based robotic total knee arthroplasty [11].
  • Obesity remains a critical risk factor for mechanical failures in total knee arthroplasty [11].
  • A nonsignificant trend toward a higher complication rate was observed in patients with severe obesity (body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2) in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty [21].
  • A statistically significant increase in arthrofibrosis was found in patients with a body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty [21].
  • Findings support a body mass index-based approach to perioperative semaglutide use, particularly in patients with a body mass index greater than 30 [22].
  • Type 2 diabetes is not an independent risk factor for reoperation when adjusted for body mass index in obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty [24].
  • Obesity had a negative influence on lower extremity long bone fracture in-hospital outcomes in pediatric patients [9].
  • Women had decreased odds of losing greater than five pounds before surgery despite increased odds of having preoperative bariatric surgery in the context of total joint arthroplasty disparities [12].

What the Evidence Shows

  • BMI > 40 is not correlated with early complications in patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty at an ambulatory surgical center [1].
  • BMI should not be used as an exclusion criterion for total joint arthroplasty at ambulatory surgical centers [1].
  • BMI of 45 is a safe cut-off for cementless total knee arthroplasty, though sample sizes were too small to draw conclusions for patients with BMI ≥ 45 [2].
  • BMI does not affect clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears [3].
  • No significant differences were observed between above-average and below-average BMI groups in clinical improvements after arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • BMI is not correlated with clinical improvements after arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • Increasing obesity severity is not associated with inferior outcomes following manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for stiffness after total knee arthroplasty [5].
  • Concern for stiffness alone should not serve as a categorical barrier to total knee arthroplasty or MUA when clinically indicated [5].
  • WHO obesity class does not associate with the incidence, timing, or invasiveness of reoperations after total hip arthroplasty [6].
  • Modern surgical practices and implant designs may have mitigated traditional obesity-related risks of loosening and mechanical failure in total knee arthroplasty [8].
  • Obesity has a negative influence on lower extremity long bone fracture in-hospital outcomes in pediatric patients [9].
  • BMI has a weak-to-moderate association with peri-incisional adiposity in primary total joint arthroplasty patients [10].
  • BMI is not an appropriate proxy for the condition of peri-incisional adiposity in primary total joint arthroplasty patients [10].
  • Obesity remains a critical risk factor for mechanical failures in functionally aligned image-based robotic total knee arthroplasty [11].
  • Women had decreased odds of losing greater than five pounds before total joint arthroplasty despite increased odds of having preoperative bariatric surgery [12].
  • Obesity and preexisting osteoarthritis are risk factors for predicting poor outcomes and conversion to arthroplasty after knee arthroscopy [14].
  • Obesity is associated with an increased risk of all-cause revisions and revision for instability or dislocation in patients receiving reverse total shoulder arthroplasty indicated for fractures [15].
  • Semaglutide appears to be a safe alternative to bariatric surgery for weight management before total hip arthroplasty [16].
  • Semaglutide is associated with similar implant survival and postoperative complication rates compared to bariatric surgery for weight management before total hip arthroplasty [16].
  • Obese patients are at increased risk of higher rates of revision following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty [18].
  • Dual mobility implants demonstrated excellent five-year survivorship with outcomes comparable or slightly superior to fixed-bearing constructs in morbidly obese patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty [25].
  • Total weight loss percentage was higher in bariatric surgery patients compared to those undergoing immediate total knee arthroplasty [26].
  • Lower body mass index and symptom burden are observed in modern hip arthroscopy patients, with improved patient-reported symptoms at the time of surgery [27].
  • Elevated BMI is associated with weak-to-moderate increases in thromboembolic risk after total shoulder arthroplasty [29].
  • Elevated BMI is not associated with infection or revision surgery risk after total shoulder arthroplasty [29].

Practical Considerations

  • BMI should not be used as an exclusion criterion for primary total joint arthroplasty at ambulatory surgical centers [1].
  • BMI of 45 is a safe cut-off for cementless total knee arthroplasty [2].
  • Conclusions regarding safety cannot be drawn for patients with BMI ≥ 45 due to small sample sizes [2].
  • No significant differences were observed between above-average and below-average BMI groups in clinical outcomes after arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • BMI was not correlated with clinical improvements after arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer [3].
  • Semaglutide and bariatric surgery have similar implant survival and postoperative complication rates for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty [16].

Key Evidence

  • [L3] Focusing on management of preoperative comorbidities and custom surgical planning can achieve outcomes comparable to those of patients who have normal BMIs at ASCs, questioning BMI as an exclusion criterion and advocating for more inclusive, evidence-based patient selection. [1] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.08.065)
  • [L3] However, the numbers were too small to draw conclusions in patients who have a BMI ≥ 45. [2] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.12.038)
  • [L2] No significant differences were observed between above-average and below-average BMI groups, and BMI was not correlated with clinical improvements. [3] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100634)
  • [L5] Obesity is more than a mechanical burden on the knee; it is a systemic disease with profound inflammatory consequences on joint health. [4] (10.1002/arj.70051)
  • [L3] These findings suggest that increasing obesity severity is not associated with higher rates of postoperative stiffness or inferior outcomes following MUA and that concern for stiffness alone should not serve as a categorical barrier to TKA or MUA when clinically indicated. [5] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.080)
  • [L3] In this cohort of obese patients who underwent THA, the WHO obesity class was not associated with risk, invasiveness, or timing of reoperations. [6] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.026)
  • [L5] The authors conclude that current evidence does not support the routine use of tibial stem extensions in obese total knee arthroplasty patients due to insufficient, heterogeneous, and very low certainty data, though specific designs may benefit selected populations. [7] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.056)
  • [L3] These findings suggest modern surgical practices and implant designs may have mitigated traditional obesity-related risks. [8] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.04.031)
  • [L4] Overall, these findings suggested that obesity had a negative influence on lower extremity long bone fracture in-hospital outcomes. [9] (10.1186/s12891-025-09349-6)
  • [L3] BMI has a weak-to-moderate association with peri-incisional adiposity in primary total joint arthroplasty patients. [10] (10.1016/j.arth.2024.08.020)
  • [L3] However, obesity remains a critical risk factor for mechanical failures. [11] (10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100861)
  • [L3] Women had decreased odds of losing greater than five pounds before surgery despite increased odds of having preoperative bariatric surgery. [12] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.06.021)
  • [L3] Obese and overweight patients converted to THA at significantly higher rates compared with normal-weight patients. [13] (10.1177/03635465251400355)
  • [L5] Obesity and preexisting osteoarthritis are known risk factors for predicting poor outcomes and conversion to arthroplasty after knee arthroscopy, but the study lacks a control group and specific procedural details to determine if the surgery itself drives progression versus patient factors. [14] (10.1016/j.arthro.2025.04.036)
  • [L3] Obesity has an increased risk of all-cause revisions and revision for instability or dislocation in patients receiving rTSA indicated for fractures. [15] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.036)
  • [L3] Semaglutide appears to be a safe alternative to bariatric surgery for weight management before THA, with similar implant survival and postoperative complication rates. [16] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.08.068)
  • [L3] However, patients with obesity had >2-fold odds of conversion to THA. [17] (10.1177/03635465251392585)
  • [L3] Based on AOANJRR data, obese patients are at increased risk of higher rate of revision following UKA. [18] (10.1177/2325967125s00336)
  • [L3] Unlike BMI, the STiB ratio reflects local anatomical factors that directly influence surgical exposure and wound healing. [19] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.022)
  • [L1] Following MMPRT repair, repairs show progression of osteoarthritis with higher rates seen with elevated BMI. [20] (10.1002/arj.70028)
  • [L2] However, a nonsignificant trend toward a higher complication rate was observed in patients with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2), while a statistically significant increase in arthrofibrosis was found in patients with BMI <25 kg/m2. [21] (10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100927)
  • [L3] Our findings support a BMI-based approach to perioperative semaglutide use, particularly in patients who have a BMI >30. [22] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.056)
  • [L2] High BMI elevates the risk of both knee and hand osteoarthritis irrespective of metabolic status, and the increased risk of knee osteoarthritis attributed to high BMI is more evident in metabolically healthy participants. [23] (10.1186/s12891-026-09495-5)
  • [L2] Overall, T2DM is not an independent risk factor for reoperation when adjusted for BMI. [24] (10.1186/s12891-026-09568-5)
  • [L3] In morbidly obese patients, DM implants demonstrated excellent five-year survivorship with outcomes comparable or slightly superior to fixed-bearing constructs. [25] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.075)
  • [L1] Total weight loss % was higher in bariatric surgery patients (28.7%, P < 0.001). [26] (10.1016/j.arth.2026.05.033)
  • [L4] This multicenter data set has demonstrated improved patient-reported symptoms at the time of surgery, a decrease in mean patient BMI, and an increase in symptom duration reported prior to surgery. [27] (10.1002/ksa.12745)
  • [L3] The ten-year functional outcomes and revision rates of THA do not justify restricting access to surgery on the basis of BMI. [28] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.044)
  • [L3] Elevated BMI was associated with weak-to-moderate increases in thromboembolic risk after TSA but not infection or revision surgery. [29] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.022)

References

[1] Body Mass Index > 40 Is Not Correlated With Early Complications in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty at an Ambulatory Surgical Center. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.08.065

[2] Body Mass Index of 45 Is a Safe Cut-Off for Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.12.038

[3] Body mass index does not affect clinical outcomes following arthroscopically assisted posterior latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears: a minimum 5-year follow-up study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.100634

[4] Reframing Obesity in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Call for a Transdisciplinary Approach Beyond Biomechanics. Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/arj.70051

[5] Obesity Severity and Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty Revisited: A Contemporary Analysis of Patients Requiring Manipulation Under Anesthesia. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.080

[6] Obesity Class Does Not Associate With Incidence, Timing, or Invasiveness of Reoperations After Total Hip Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.026

[7] Reply to: "Letter to the Editor Commenting on: 'Current Evidence Does Not Support the Use of Tibial Stem Extension in Total Knee Arthroplasty of Obese Patients: A Systematic Review'". The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.11.056

[8] Obesity and Total Knee Arthroplasty Revisited: Minimal Impact on Loosening and Mechanical Failure in the Modern Era. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.04.031

[9] Impact of pediatric obesity on surgical outcomes of lower extremity fractures: a nationwide analysis (2010–2019). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09349-6

[10] Body Mass Index is Not an Appropriate Proxy for the Condition of Peri-Incisional Adiposity in Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.08.020

[11] Impact of high body mass index on functionally aligned image-based robotic total knee arthroplasty: Comparable functional outcomes but higher mechanical failures. Journal of ISAKOS. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100861

[12] Disparities in Preoperative Weight Loss and Obesity Treatment Before Total Joint Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.06.021

[13] The Effect of Body Mass Index on Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Matched Analysis With 10-Year Follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251400355

[14] Editorial Commentary:

                Obesity and Osteoarthritis Are Risk Factors for Conversion to Arthroplasty, With or Without Previous Knee Arthroscopic Surgery. *Arthroscopy*. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2025.04.036

[15] Revision rates between obese and nonobese total shoulder arthroplasty patients: an Australian registry data study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.05.036

[16] Is Semaglutide a Safer Weight-Management Option Than Bariatric Surgery for Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA)?. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.08.068

[17] Obese Patients Treated by Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome — 10-Year Functional Outcomes and Conversion Rates to Arthroplasty Compared With Normal-Weight Patients. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251392585

[18] Obesity is Associated with Higher Rates of Revision Following Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/2325967125s00336

[19] Soft Tissue-To-Bone Ratio Outperforms Body Mass Index in Predicting Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.022

[20] Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear Repairs Show Osteoarthritis Progression Over Time With Higher Rates Seen With Higher Body Mass Index. Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/arj.70028

[21] Impact of body mass index on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis. Journal of ISAKOS. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100927

[22] The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Efficacy of Semaglutide Use at the Time of Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.09.056

[23] Does metabolically healthy obesity increase the risk of knee and hand osteoarthritis? A population-based cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09495-5

[24] Type 2 diabetes is not associated with excess risk of periprosthetic joint infection in obese patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09568-5

[25] Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Morbid Obesity: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis of Dual Mobility and Standard Fixed-Bearing Implants. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.03.075

[26] Impact Of Prior Bariatric Surgery Versus Immediate Total Knee Arthroplasty On Knee Function Among Patients Who Have Severe Obesity And Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: The SWIFT Trial. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2026.05.033

[27] Lower body mass index and symptom burden in modern hip arthroscopy patients: Updated epidemiology and trends from the MASH multicenter cohort. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2025. DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12745

[28] Do the Ten-Year Functional Outcomes and Revision Rates of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients Justify Restricting Their Access to Surgery?. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.07.044

[29] Overweight and Premorbid Obesity Status Correlates With Thromboembolism Risk but Not Infection After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.05.022

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