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Mga Kalagayang Medikal na Nakakaapekto sa Kamay

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How whole-body conditions — diabetes, thyroid, inflammatory arthritis, kidney disease and more — show up in the hand.

Isang doktor na nagsusuri ng kamay ng isang pasyente.
Ang kamay ay maaaring maging bintana sa pangkalahatang kalusugan — maraming kondisyon sa buong katawan ang lumalabas doon, minsan ay unang-nagpapakita. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Ang pahinang ito ay isinalin ng makina at hindi pa nasusuri ng isang doktor. Ang bersyong Ingles ang siyang opisyal.

Ang kamay ay isa sa pinakamagandang bintana ng iyong katawan para sa iyong pangkalahatang kalusugan. Dahil ito ay puno ng maliliit na kasu-kasuan, mga nerbiyos, mga tendon, mga manipis na ugat ng dugo, balat, at kuko (lahat ay malapit sa ibabaw at madaling suriin), maraming kondisyon sa buong katawan ang nag-iwan ng kanilang unang mga pahiwatig doon. Minsan, ang isang problema sa kamay ay nagiging isang purong lokal na isyu lamang. Ngunit minsan, ang parehong sintomas (katigasan, pangangati, pagbabago ng kulay, o kuko na magkaiba itsura) ay ang pinakaunang nakikitang senyales ng isang nangyayari sa ibang bahagi ng katawan na mahalagang malaman at madalas ay napapagaling.

Ang pahinang ito ay isang simpleng paglalakbay sa mga pangunahing medikal na kondisyon na lumalabas sa kamay. Ito ay hindi isang checklist para sa iyong sariling pagdi-diagnosa; karamihan sa mga sakit at katigasan ng mga daliri ay karaniwang pagkasira dahil sa paggamit. Ngunit ipinaliliwanag nito kung bakit maaaring tanungin ng iyong doktor ang iyong pangkalahatang kalusugan, maging masusing pagsusuri sa iyong mga kuko at balat, o maging magmungkahi ng pagsusuri ng dugo o referral kahit ikaw ay dumating tungkol sa iyong kamay.

Diabetes — ang dakilang nagpapanggap sa kamay

Ang diabetes ay nakakaapekto sa kamay kaysa sa halos anumang ibang kondisyon medikal. Ang mataas na antas ng asukal sa dugo sa loob ng panahon ay nagpapatigas sa mga malambot na tisyu (ang mga tendon, ang kanilang lining, at ang mga ligamento), kaya ang mga taong may diabetes ay nakakaranas ng ilang karaniwang problema sa kamay nang mas madalas kaysa sa iba:

  • Trigger finger (isang daliri na nakakadikit, nakakapag-click, o nakakalock): ilang beses na mas karaniwan sa diabetes kaysa sa pangkalahatang populasyon.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome (pagkaka-numb at pangangati sa hinlalaki, index, at gitnang daliri, madalas na mas malala sa gabi).
  • Dupuytren's disease (mga hibla at buntong sa palad na dahan-dahang nakakabaluktot sa mga daliri pababa).
  • Isang matigas, waxy na kamay (minsan tinatawag na diabetic cheiroarthropathy o "limited joint mobility"): ang mga daliri ay hindi ganap na nakakawalis at ang mga palad ay mas mahirap pagsamantalahin.
  • Frozen shoulder, na malaki ang pagkakaroon nito sa mga taong may diabetes.

Walang isa sa mga ito ang nagpapatunay na may diabetes ka, ngunit ang pagkakaroon ng higit sa isa sa mga ito, o ang pagkuha nito sa mas batang edad, ay kinikilalang dahilan upang suriin. Tinakdaan namin ito nang mas malalim sa aming diabetes at mga kondisyon sa upper-limb na pahina.

Sakit sa tiyroid — sobrang aktibo o kulang sa aktibidad

Ang glandula ng tiyroid ang nagtatakda ng bilis ng metabolismo ng iyong katawan, at kapag ito ay tumatakbo nang masyadong mabilis o mabagal, maaari itong maipakita sa kamay. Ang kulang sa aktibidad na tiyroid ay isang klasikong kontributor sa carpal tunnel syndrome at trigger finger, bahagyang dahil sa pag-iimbak ng likido at mga pagbabago sa tisyu sa paligid ng mga tendon at nerbiyos. Ang parehong sobrang aktibo at kulang sa aktibidad na tiyroid ay konektado rin sa frozen shoulder. Ang sobrang aktibo na tiyroid ay maaaring magdulot ng banayad na pagkabagabag, pawis na palad, at mga pagbabago sa kuko tulad ng pag-angat ng kuko mula sa kanyang kama. Ang carpal tunnel na lumabas nang walang malinaw na dahilan ay isa sa mga dahilan kung bakit minsan ay iniaayos ang pagsusuri ng dugo para sa tiyroid.

Inflammatory arthritis — kapag ang immune system ay sumasalakay sa mga kasu-kasuan

Isang buong pamilya ng mga kondisyon ang nagdudulot ng pamamaga sa mga kasu-kasuan dahil sa immune system, at madalas na sa kamay sila nagpapakita, bawat isa ay may sariling pattern:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis ay karaniwang apektado ang mga knuckles at ang mga kasu-kasuan ng gitnang daliri, kadalasan ay simetriko sa parehong kamay, na may morning stiffness at malambot, pamamaga na mga kasu-kasuan. Tingnan ang aming inflammatory and rheumatoid arthritis page.
  • Psoriatic arthritis ay maaaring kabilang ang kasu-kasuan na pinakamalapit sa kuko, magdulot ng buong daliring pamamaga na parang sosis, at madalas ay may kasamang nail pitting o mga patch sa balat. Tingnan ang aming psoriatic arthritis page.
  • Gout ay nagdudulot ng biglaan, napakasakit, pulang, mainit na atake, klasiko sa malaking daliri ng paa, ngunit ang mga kasu-kasuan ng daliri at pulso ay maaari ring maapektuhan, minsan ay may chalky lumps sa paglipas ng panahon. Tingnan ang aming gout page.

Ang dahilan kung bakit mahalagang pagkalinaw ang mga ito mula sa ordinaryong osteoarthritis ay ang inflammatory arthritis ay pinapatakbo ng immune system at tumutugon sa mga partikular na gamot na maaaring protektahan ang mga kasu-kasuan mula sa pinsala, kaya ang maagang diagnosis ay nagbabago ng resulta.

Sakit sa bato

Ang matagal nang sakit sa bato, lalo na sa mga taong nasa dialysis nang maraming taon, ay maaaring magdulot ng carpal tunnel syndrome sa pamamagitan ng pag-ipon ng isang protina na tinatawag na amyloid sa paligid ng mga tendon sa pulso. Ang mga problema sa bato ay nakakaapekto din sa metabolismo ng kalsiyum, phosphate, at buto ng katawan, na maaaring magpahina ng buto at minsan ay makikita bilang mga pananakit o pagbabago na nakikita sa X-ray ng kamay. Ito ang mga dahilan kung bakit maaaring tandaan ng isang doktor ang iyong kasaysayan sa bato.

Pagbubuntis

Ang pagbubuntis ay isang karaniwang at mapagkumbabang dahilan ng mga sintomas sa kamay. Ang dagdag na likido na hinihigpitan ng katawan sa huling mga buwan ay nagpapataas ng presyon sa loob ng carpal tunnel, kaya ang carpal tunnel syndrome (pamamanhid at pangangati sa mga daliri, kadalasang pinakamasakit sa gabi) ay madalas sa pagbubuntis. Ang magandang balita ay karaniwan itong aalis nang sarili sa loob ng ilang linggo pagkatapos ng pagpapakilab, kaya ang unang hakbang na paggamot ay karaniwang simpleng mga hakbang tulad ng paggamit ng splint sa gabi kaysa sa operasyon.

Daloy ng dugo at kondisyon ng konektibong tisyu

May ilang kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa maliliit na ugat ng dugo at sa konektibong tisyu, at sa mga daliri mo muna ito napapansin:

  • Raynaud's phenomenon: Nagiging puti, asul, at pula ang mga daliri sa lamig o kapag may stress, dahil ang mga maliliit na ugat ay nagkukumpas. Sa sarili nito, karaniwang walang panganib ito, ngunit maaari rin itong maging unang senyales ng isang sakit sa konektibong tisyu. Buong binibigyang-pansin namin ito sa aming Raynaud's phenomenon na pahina.
  • Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) nagpapapit at nagpapapalapot sa balat ng mga daliri, maaaring magdulot ng Raynaud's, masakit na ulser sa mga dulo ng daliri, at pagkasikip ng mga maliliit na kasu-kasuan.
  • Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus) maaaring magdulot ng sakit sa kasu-kasuan, Raynaud's, at pagbabago sa balat at sa gilid ng kuko.

Isang tiyak na hulaing hinahanap namin ay ang mga abnormal na ugat sa base ng kuko (nail fold): ang mga nakabaluktot at nakapal na loop doon ay maaaring tumutukoy sa scleroderma o lupus, at isa ito sa mga dahilan kung bakit maaaring mabuting suriin ng iyong surgeon ang iyong mga kuko gamit ang magnifier.

Iba pang mga palatandaan — ang mga kuko, balat, at mga dulo ng daliri

Ang mga dulo ng daliri, mga kuko, at balat ay maaaring magbigay ng senyales ng mga kondisyon na higit pa sa sariling kamay:

  • Pagkakaroon ng clubbing sa mga daliri: lumalawak ang mga dulo ng daliri at yumuyuko ang mga kuko sa mga dulo nito, na nauugnay sa ilang kondisyon sa baga, puso, at bituka.
  • Ang mga kuko na hugis kutsara ay maaaring magpahiwatig ng kakulangan sa bakal, at ang mga maputlang kama ng kuko ay maaaring magpahiwatig ng anemia.
  • Ang pagkakaroon ng mga butas, pag-angat, o pagbabago ng kulay ng kuko ay maaaring magkasama ng psoriasis, sakit sa tiyan, o iba pang mga sakit.
  • Ang mga dilaw, makapal, at madaling maputol na mga kuko ay karaniwan sa diabetes at ilang mga problema sa sirkulasyon.
  • Pagbabago sa balat at kulay: ang maputlang balat, madaling magkakaroon ng lason, o hindi karaniwang pamumula ng mga palad ay maaaring minsan ay magpahiwatig ng mga kondisyon sa atay.

Indibidwal na madalas na maliit at napakadalas ang mga ito. Naging mas makabuluhan ang mga ito kapag magkasama ang ilang mga ito, kapag apektado ang lahat ng mga kuko nang sabay-sabay, o kapag kasama ito ng pakiramdam ng pangkalahatang pagkasakit.

Bakit tinatanong ng iyong doktor ang tungkol sa iyong pangkalahatang kalusugan

Kapag dumating ka dahil sa isyu sa kamay o pulso, maaaring magulat ka sa pagtatanong tungkol sa iyong antas ng asukal, tiroyo, gamot, pagbabago ng timbang, o kung paano ka nararamdaman, at sa pagsusuri sa iyong mga kuko, balat, at pulso. Hindi ito para lang magdagdag ng oras. Ito ay dahil madalas na nagpapakita ang kamay ng kalagayan ng buong katawan, at ang pagkilala sa mas malawak na larawan ay maaaring baguhin ang paggamot sa iyong isyu sa kamay, at minsan ay makatuklas ng isang naaayos na problema sa ibang bahagi ng katawan. Kung tila mayroong isang pangkalahatang kondisyon sa medikal, karaniwang susunod na hakbang ay isang simpleng dugo test o reperensya sa iyong GP o isang doktor, imbes na operasyon.

Kailan kumonsulta sa doktor

Kumonsulta sa iyong GP o bumalik sa amin imbes na maghintay, kung:

  • Ang sintomas sa kamay ay kasama ng pangkalahatang pakiramdam na hindi maganda: lagnat, pagbaba ng timbang, pagkapagod, o pakiramdam na may hindi tama sa iyong sarili.
  • Ang sakit, pamamaga, o pagkasiksik ng kasukasuan ay nakakaapekto sa parehong kamay sabay-sabay, o may kasamang pagkasiksik sa umaga na tumatagal bago lumambot.
  • Makikita mo ang pagbabago ng kulay ng mga daliri (puti/asul/pula), masakit na ulser sa dulo ng daliri, o bagong pagkasiksik ng balat ng daliri.
  • Ang mga kuko sa maraming daliri ay sabay-sabay na nagbabago: may mga butas, pag-angat, pagiging kutsara, pagiging clubbed, o pagbabago ng kulay.
  • Ang mga sintomas ng carpal tunnel o trigger fingers ay lumalabas sa ilang daliri, sa parehong gilid, o sa mas batang edad kaysa inaasahan.

Sa karamihan ng mga oras, ang problema sa kamay ay simpleng problema sa kamay lamang. Ngunit dahil ang kamay ay isang tapat na tagapag-ulat ng pangkalahatang kalusugan, laging mainam na banggitin ang mas malaking larawan. Minsan, ang kamay ang unang nakakaalam.


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