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Posterior shoulder stabilisation

36 citationsUpdated Aug 2026

For patients: a plain-language version of this topic is available. See the patient guide.

Overview

Arthroscopic stabilization of posterior shoulder instability has evolved from historical open procedures to become the predominant surgical approach, facilitating the management of both recurrent posterior subluxations and frank instability [6, 9]. This technique yields promising early and midterm results, characterized by good clinical outcomes, high patient satisfaction, low rates of recurrent instability and revisions, and minimal residual pain [4, 14]. The arthroscopic management of posterior-inferior shoulder instability specifically demonstrates a successful track record with a minimal complication profile [8].

For patients with static subluxation, scapular osteotomies (glenoid and acromion) can restore subjective and objective shoulder stability at a minimum of 2 years post-operation [2]. In contrast, posterior bone block augmentation for recurrent posterior shoulder instability is associated with high rates of clinical failure, does not reliably yield substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomes, and frequently results in complications [12]. Coracoid morphology differs significantly in patients undergoing posterior shoulder stabilization compared to patients undergoing surgery for anterior instability or a comparison cohort [7].

Return to sport after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization occurs at a high rate, ranging from 4.3 to 8.6 months after surgery [15]. Recent studies have defined thresholds for interpreting patient outcomes, allowing for the earlier detection of recurrent posterior instability [3]. However, additional long-term randomized trials are needed to better understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of surgical positioning, specifically beach-chair versus lateral decubitus [1].

Anatomy & Pathophysiology

The understanding of posterior shoulder instability (PSI) pathology has evolved significantly over centuries, facilitating the development of various surgical procedures [6]. Advances in posterior glenohumeral anatomy and biomechanics have refined comprehension of this disorder and guided clinical decision-making [16]. PSI is distinguished into three groups based on pathology nature and two subtypes based on pathomechanical causes within the ABC classification [17]. Female patients are significantly more likely to present with posterior shoulder instability compared to anterior shoulder instability [11].

Osseous Morphology and Alignment

Patients with constitutional static posterior shoulder instability (Type C1) differ from healthy controls regarding osseous scapular and humeral morphology, scapulothoracic orientation, and shoulder girdle muscle distribution [31]. Glenoid as well as acromial malalignment alone is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation [24]. The acromion acts as a mechanical buttress to posterior humeral head displacement [27].

Labral and Soft Tissue Integrity

Glenohumeral contact patterns highly depend on the amount of glenoid retroversion and posterior labral and/or bony glenoid integrity [25]. Posterior and posterior superior labral (PPS) injuries produce alterations in glenohumeral kinematics with implications for joint instability, increased joint loading, and potential joint damage [26]. The long head of the biceps has a pertinent biomechanical role in glenohumeral stability regardless of the condition of the superior labrum [28].

Clinical Outcomes and Correction

Successful correction of scapular anatomy can improve static subluxation and restore subjective and objective shoulder stability at a minimum of 2 years [2].

Classification

Posterior shoulder instability is an uncommon condition that is often unrecognized, leading to incorrect diagnoses and delays [5]. Delayed diagnosis of posterior glenohumeral dislocations is common [18].

ABC classification: This system distinguishes three groups of posterior shoulder instability based on the nature of pathology [17]. It also identifies two subtypes of posterior shoulder instability based on pathomechanical causes [17].

Clinical Presentation

Recurrent posterior shoulder instability is an uncommon condition that is often unrecognized, leading to incorrect diagnoses and delays [5]. Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations with reverse Hill-Sachs lesions are similarly uncommon and prone to misdiagnosis [30]. Imaging of the affected shoulder in patients with suspected posterior glenohumeral instability can show abnormalities of the bone, labrum, and joint capsule [20].

The ABC classification distinguishes three groups of posterior shoulder instability based on the nature of pathology and two subtypes based on pathomechanical causes [17]. Coracoid morphology differs significantly in patients undergoing posterior shoulder stabilization when compared to patients undergoing surgery for anterior instability or a comparison cohort [7]. Male patients are significantly more likely to have anterior shoulder instability, while female patients are significantly more likely to have posterior shoulder instability [11].

Participants with microtraumatic posterior shoulder instability demonstrated significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures following a 24-week conservative rehabilitation program [21]. Participants with microtraumatic posterior shoulder instability demonstrated high rates of return to sport following a 24-week conservative rehabilitation program [21].

Investigations

Delayed diagnosis of posterior glenohumeral dislocation is common [18].

Plain radiography: Standard imaging is often insufficient to detect posterior instability, contributing to diagnostic delays.

MRI: Patients with symptomatic posterior shoulder instability benefit from arthroscopic stabilization surgery regardless of the radiologist interpretation of magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) studies [19].

CT: Anatomical reduction and retention of an associated acromion fracture may be needed to prevent recurrent posterior instability in cases of traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with acromion fracture [37]. Anterior greater tuberosity malunion after posterior shoulder fracture dislocation is a rare and debilitating condition [38].

Other Considerations: Pre-operative planning must account for the potential need for anatomical reduction of associated acromion fractures to prevent recurrent instability [37]. Surgeons should be aware that anterior greater tuberosity malunion, while rare, is a debilitating complication of posterior shoulder fracture dislocation [38].

Treatment

Non-Operative

NHL team physicians strongly favor nonoperative management in-season for initial posterior instability events of the shoulder [32]. Advances in understanding posterior glenohumeral anatomy and biomechanics have helped guide clinical decision making, including delineation of surgical indications and contraindications, nonsurgical treatment solutions, and appropriate stabilization and bone augmentation techniques [16].

Operative

Indications: Arthroscopic stabilization for posterior shoulder instability results in good outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and low rates of recurrent instability, revisions, and residual pain [14]. Regardless of radiologist interpretation of magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA), patients with symptomatic posterior shoulder instability benefit from arthroscopic stabilization surgery [19]. An algorithm for the approach and treatment of recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability is presented, along with a preferred surgical technique [29].

Surgical Approach / Technique: Arthroscopic management of posterior-inferior shoulder instability has a successful track record and minimal complication profile [8]. Scapular (glenoid and acromion) osteotomies can successfully correct scapular anatomy, improving static subluxation and restoring subjective and objective shoulder stability at a minimum of 2 years [2]. Both glenoid osteotomy and bone block procedures can successfully address symptomatic posterior shoulder instability [22].

Implant Selection: The iliac posterior shoulder bone-block is effective in managing involuntary posterior shoulder instability, showing satisfactory results in non-recurrence, pain relief, and function recovery [10]. Posterior bone block augmentation for recurrent posterior shoulder instability does not reliably yield substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomes and complications are frequently observed [12]. There is a moderate rate of recurrence following posterior bone block for posterior shoulder instability [13].

Complications

Instability: Posterior bone block augmentation for recurrent posterior shoulder instability is associated with a moderate rate of recurrence [13]. Furthermore, glenoid osteotomy for posterior shoulder instability demonstrates a high rate of persistent instability [40].

Other Considerations: Complications are frequently observed with posterior bone block augmentation for recurrent posterior shoulder instability [12]. This procedure does not reliably yield substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomes [12].

Recovery

Arthroscopic stabilization of posterior shoulder instability yields good outcomes with high patient satisfaction [14]. This approach is associated with low rates of recurrent instability, revisions, and residual pain [14].

Rehabilitation protocol: The evidence base does not specify immobilisation duration, weight-bearing restrictions, or sling/brace removal timing.

Functional milestones: Validated PROM trajectories or outcome-measure benchmarks are not reported in the provided evidence.

Other Considerations: A systematic review demonstrates high rates of return to sport among all athletes undergoing surgical treatment for posterior shoulder instability [23]. These athletes also demonstrate relatively high rates of return to their preinjury level of sport [23]. Specifically, arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair for traumatic posterior shoulder instability in collision sports athletes results in a low recurrence rate [35]. This procedure also achieves a high return-to-play rate [35] and clinically meaningful improvement [35].

Key Evidence

  • [L4] Additional long-term randomized trials comparing these positions are needed to better understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of surgical positioning for posterior shoulder stabilization. [1] (10.1177/2325967118822452)
  • [L4] At a minimum of 2 years successful correction of scapular anatomy can improve static subluxation and restore subjective and objective shoulder stability. [2] (10.1016/j.jseint.2025.06.018)
  • [L4] The thresholds defined in this study can provide a guideline for interpreting patient outcomes following arthroscopic stabilization for posterior shoulder instability, allowing for earlier detection of recurrent posterior instability. [3] (10.1016/j.jseint.2025.08.006)
  • [L1] The early and midterm results of arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder for posterior instability are promising. [4] (10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.009)
  • [L5] Recurrent posterior shoulder instability is an uncommon condition often unrecognized, leading to incorrect diagnoses and delays. [5] (10.5435/00124635-200608000-00004)
  • [L5] Over the past several centuries, a number of procedures have been developed to address posterior shoulder instability, particularly as this pathology has become better understood. [6] (10.1016/j.jses.2019.08.008)
  • [L3] Coracoid morphology differs significantly in patients undergoing posterior shoulder stabilization when compared to patients undergoing surgery for anterior instability or a comparison cohort. [7] (10.1177/03635465261421534)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic management of posterior-inferior shoulder instability has a successful track record and minimal complication profile. [8] (10.1016/j.arthro.2018.06.057)
  • [L5] The article outlines the evolution of diagnostic acumen and treatment algorithms for posterior shoulder instability, emphasizing that arthroscopic surgical techniques have facilitated successful management of both recurrent posterior subluxations and frank posterior instability. [9] (10.1016/j.csm.2008.06.001)
  • [L4] The iliac posterior shoulder bone-block is effective in managing instances of involuntary posterior shoulder instability, showing satisfactory results in terms of non-recurrence, pain relief, and function recovery. [10] (10.1016/j.otsr.2008.09.008)
  • [L4] Overall, male patients were significantly more likely to have anterior shoulder instability, while female patients were significantly more likely to have posterior shoulder instability. [11] (10.1177/23259671211006437)
  • [L1] Posterior bone block augmentation for recurrent posterior shoulder instability does not reliably yield substantial improvements in patient-reported outcomes, and complications are frequently observed. [12] (10.1016/j.arthro.2021.07.018)
  • [L4] There is a moderate rate of recurrence following posterior bone block for posterior shoulder instability. [13] (10.1016/j.jse.2021.06.013)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic stabilization of posterior shoulder instability resulted in good outcomes with high patient satisfaction and low rates of recurrent instability, revisions, and residual pain. [14] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.04.006)
  • [L4] There is a high rate of return to sport after arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization, ranging from 4.3 to 8.6 months after surgery. [15] (10.1016/j.asmr.2020.08.007)
  • [L5] Advances in understanding posterior glenohumeral anatomy and biomechanics have improved comprehension of this challenging disorder and helped guide clinical decision making, including delineation of surgical indications and contraindications, nonsurgical treatment solutions, and appropriate stabilization and bone augmentation techniques. [16] (10.5435/jaaos-d-15-00631)
  • [L5] This review guides the reader to correctly identify posterior shoulder instability (PSI) by providing diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies based on the ABC classification, which distinguishes three groups of PSI based on the nature of pathology and two subtypes based on pathomechanical causes. [17] (10.1530/eor-24-0025)
  • [L4] Overall, reduction was achieved via open means in the majority of shoulders, and delayed diagnosis is common. [18] (10.1302/0301-620x.101b1.bjj-2018-0984.r1)
  • [L3] Regardless of the radiologist interpretation of MRA, patients with symptomatic posterior shoulder instability do benefit from arthroscopic stabilization surgery. [19] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100675)
  • [L5] In patients with suspected posterior glenohumeral instability, imaging of the affected shoulder can show abnormalities of the bone, labrum, and joint capsule. [20] (10.2214/ajr.07.3849)
  • [L4] Participants with microtraumatic posterior shoulder instability demonstrated significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures and high rates of return to sport following a 24-week conservative rehabilitation program. [21] (10.1016/j.jseint.2024.09.016)
  • [L1] Both glenoid osteotomy and bone block procedures can successfully address symptomatic posterior shoulder instability. [22] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.03.004)
  • [L4] The systematic review demonstrated high rates of return to sport and relatively high rates of return to preinjury level of sport among all athletes who underwent surgical treatment for posterior shoulder instability. [23] (10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.002)
  • [L5] Glenoid as well as acromial malalignment alone is associated with pathological posterior translation of the humeral head across the glenoid upon simulated active elevation. [24] (10.1177/03635465251411312)
  • [L5] Glenohumeral contact patterns highly depend on the amount of glenoid retroversion and posterior labral and/or bony glenoid integrity. [25] (10.1177/03635465251365497)
  • [L5] The PPS injury produces alterations in GH kinematics with implications for GH joint instability, increased GH joint loading, and potential joint damage. [26] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.12.023)
  • [L5] The acromion acts as a mechanical buttress to posterior humeral head displacement. [27] (10.1016/j.jse.2024.09.047)
  • [L5] The long head of the biceps has a pertinent biomechanical role in glenohumeral stability regardless of the condition of the superior labrum. [28] (10.1016/j.arthro.2025.05.022)
  • [L5] An algorithm for the approach and treatment of recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability is presented, along with the author's preferred surgical technique. [29] (10.1530/eor-22-0009)
  • [L4] Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations with reverse Hill-Sachs lesions are uncommon and prone to misdiagnosis; early recognition and tailored treatment strategies are essential for satisfactory functional outcomes. [30] (10.1186/s12891-026-09537-y)
  • [L3] Patients with C1 shoulders differ from healthy controls regarding osseous scapular and humeral morphology, scapulothoracic orientation, and shoulder girdle muscle distribution. [31] (10.1177/03635465241233706)
  • [L4] NHL team physicians strongly favor nonoperative management in-season for initial posterior instability events of the shoulder. [32] (10.1177/23259671261440208)
  • [L4] Arthroscopic posterior Bankart repair for traumatic posterior shoulder instability in collision sports athletes resulted in a low recurrence rate, high return-to-play rate, and clinically meaningful improvement. [35] (10.1016/j.asmr.2025.101264)
  • [L4] In such cases, anatomical reduction and retention of the acromion fracture may be needed to prevent recurrent posterior instability. [37] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.006)
  • [L4] Anterior greater tuberosity malunion after posterior shoulder fracture dislocation is a rare and debilitating condition. [38] (10.1016/j.xrrt.2024.12.002)
  • [L4] However, the high rate of persistent instability should be considered when making treatment decisions. [40] (10.1177/17585732211056053)

See Also

References

[1] Outcomes of Arthroscopic Posterior Shoulder Stabilization in the Beach-Chair Versus Lateral Decubitus Position: A Systematic Review. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2019. DOI: 10.1177/2325967118822452

[2] Scapular (glenoid and acromion) osteotomies for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability: technique and preliminary results. JSES International. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2025.06.018

[3] Defining clinical significance following primary stabilization of posterior shoulder instability. JSES International. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2025.08.006

[4] Arthroscopic Treatment of Posterior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.009

[5] Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2006. DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200608000-00004

[6] History of surgical stabilization for posterior shoulder instability. JSES Open Access. 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.jses.2019.08.008

[7] Coracoid Morphology and the Risk of Posterior Shoulder Instability: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465261421534

[8] Patient Positioning in Arthroscopic Management of Posterior‐Inferior Shoulder Instability: A Systematic Review Comparing Beach Chair and Lateral Decubitus Approaches. Arthroscopy. 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.06.057

[9] Arthroscopic Management of Posterior Shoulder Instability: Diagnosis, Indications, and Technique. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2008.06.001

[10] Iliac bone-block autograft for posterior shoulder instability. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2008.09.008

[11] Differences in Outcomes Between Anterior and Posterior Shoulder Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/23259671211006437

[12] Bone Block Augmentation of the Posterior Glenoid for Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability Is Associated With High Rates of Clinical Failure: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.07.018

[13] Posterior glenoid bone block transfer for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.06.013

[14] Outcomes of arthroscopic stabilization for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.04.006

[15] Return to Play After Arthroscopic Stabilization for Posterior Shoulder Instability—A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.08.007

[16] Posterior Glenohumeral Instability: Evidence-based Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2017. DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-15-00631

[17] Diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability based on the ABC classification. EFORT Open Reviews. 2024. DOI: 10.1530/eor-24-0025

[18] The aetiology of posterior glenohumeral dislocations and occurrence of associated injuries. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2019. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b1.bjj-2018-0984.r1

[19] No difference in outcomes for posterior shoulder instability surgery in patients with a normal vs. pathological radiologist reported magnetic resonance arthrogram study. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2026.100675

[20] Imaging Signs of Posterior Glenohumeral Instability. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.3849

[21] The efficacy of conservative management of micro-traumatic posterior shoulder instability. JSES International. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2024.09.016

[22] Posterior shoulder instability – A systematic review and meta-analysis of glenoid osteotomy and bone block procedures. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.03.004

[23] Return to sport after surgical treatment for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. JSES International. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.08.002

[24] Scapular Morphology and Posterior Shoulder Stability: Biomechanical Evidence From an Advanced Cadaveric Shoulder Simulator. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251411312

[25] Correcting Excessive Glenoid Retroversion in Combination With Posterior Glenoid Bone Grafting Leads to Improved Glenohumeral Contact Pressures in a Cadaveric Posterior Instability Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251365497

[26] 2025 Basic Science Neer Award Winner: The impact of posterior and posterior superior labral injuries and the effect of their treatment on glenohumeral kinematics in the deceleration and follow-through phase of throwing: a biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.12.023

[27] Posterior shoulder stability depends on acromial anatomy: a cadaveric, biomechanical study. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.09.047

[28] Biceps Tenodesis/Tenotomy Disrupts Biomechanical Glenohumeral Stability in the Setting of Superior Labrum Anteroposterior Tear and Repair. Arthroscopy. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2025.05.022

[29] Comprehensive management of posterior shoulder instability: diagnosis, indications, and technique for arthroscopic bone block augmentation. EFORT Open Reviews. 2022. DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0009

[30] Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations with reverse Hill-Sachs lesions: a report of two cases and a literature review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09537-y

[31] Differences in Osseous Shoulder Morphology, Scapulothoracic Orientation, and Muscle Volume in Patients With Constitutional Static Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type C1) Compared With Healthy Controls. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/03635465241233706

[32] Treatment of Posterior Shoulder Instability in National Hockey League Players: A Survey of NHL Team Physicians. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/23259671261440208

[35] Favorable Outcomes After Arthroscopic Posterior Bankart Repair for Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Instability in Collision Athletes. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2025.101264

[37] Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with associated acromion fracture: a report of 2 cases. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2025.09.006

[38] Arthroscopic repair of an anteriorly malunited greater tuberosity after a posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation in a 16-year-old male. JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2024.12.002

[40] Indications and outcomes of glenoid osteotomy for posterior shoulder instability: a systematic review. Shoulder & Elbow. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/17585732211056053

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4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.

Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.

Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.

Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:

1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.

Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.

Section 8 -- Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.

Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

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