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Nẹp, Bó và Hỗ trợ

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When braces, splints and supports help upper-limb conditions, the main types, how to use them, and what the evidence shows for sprains, tendon problems, arthritis and after surgery.

Updated Aug 2026
Một nẹp hỗ trợ cổ tay bằng vải được đeo trên cẳng tay và bàn tay.
Một nẹp vừa vặn giúp nghỉ ngơi và bảo vệ cổ tay hoặc bàn tay, giảm căng thẳng cho các gân và khớp bị kích thích. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Trang này được dịch bằng máy và chưa được bác sĩ kiểm tra. Bản tiếng Anh là bản chính thức.

Những gì bạn đang cảm thấy

Bạn có thể nhận thấy đau và cứng ở cổ tay, ngón tay, vai hoặc mắt cá chân. Vị trí phụ thuộc vào chấn thương cụ thể của bạn. Ví dụ, gãy xương cổ tay thường gây đau ở phía bên ngón cái của cổ tay. Vấn đề ở vai có thể khiến bạn khó đưa tay ra sau lưng để cài áo ngực hoặc nhét áo vào quần. Các chấn thương ở ngón tay có thể khiến các nhiệm vụ đơn giản như cài cúc áo hoặc cầm nắm vật dụng trở nên khó khăn.

Các triệu chứng của bạn thường thay đổi theo hoạt động. Cơn đau có thể bùng phát sau khi bạn sử dụng khớp hoặc vào ban đêm khi bạn nghỉ ngơi. Bạn có thể cảm thấy cứng khi vừa thức dậy vào buổi sáng. Sự cứng này thường giảm bớt khi bạn di chuyển. Đối với một số chấn thương, như bong gân mắt cá chân nhẹ ở trẻ em, cơn đau nhẹ và có thể kiểm soát được. Bạn có thể nhận thấy rằng băng hỗ trợ hoặc nẹp tháo rời giúp giảm bớt khó chịu. Các thiết bị này giữ cho khu vực ổn định mà không hạn chế vận động quá mức.

Trong một số trường hợp, chẳng hạn như với một số tình trạng ở ngón tay, việc nẹp cố định mang lại sự giảm triệu chứng tương tự như tiêm. Bạn có thể cảm thấy chức năng được cải thiện và ít đau hơn chỉ sau vài tuần đeo nẹp. Đối với gãy cổ tay ở người lớn tuổi, bốn tuần bất động thường là đủ để xương lành lại. Bạn sẽ có khả năng cảm thấy cải thiện đáng kể trong thời gian này. Tuy nhiên, nếu xương không lành đúng cách, bạn có thể cần điều trị thêm.

Đau vai cũng có thể xảy ra sau phẫu thuật thay khớp. Bạn có thể nhận thấy rằng việc di chuyển vai mà không cần bó bột trong ba tuần cảm thấy tương tự như khi đeo bó. Điều này có nghĩa là bạn có nhiều tự do vận động hơn sớm hơn. Đối với gãy xương thuyền ở người lớn, một sự dịch chuyển nhỏ (2 mm hoặc ít hơn) được điều trị bằng bó bột. Nếu xương không liền lại, bạn có thể cần phẫu thuật để sửa chữa nó.

Nhìn chung, trải nghiệm của bạn thay đổi tùy theo loại chấn thương. Một số nẹp cho phép bạn tháo chúng ra để vệ sinh hoặc vận động nhẹ, giúp tiết kiệm thời gian và các lần đến bệnh viện. Những loại khác yêu cầu tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt để giữ xương ở vị trí. Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn sẽ hướng dẫn bạn về những gì cần mong đợi. Hãy lắng nghe cơ thể bạn. Nếu cơn đau trở nên tồi tệ hơn hoặc các nhiệm vụ hàng ngày trở nên quá khó khăn, hãy cho nhóm chăm sóc sức khỏe của bạn biết. Hầu hết bệnh nhân nhận thấy rằng các phương pháp điều trị bảo tồn như nẹp cố định và bài tập thể dục mang lại sự giảm bớt tốt và cải thiện chức năng.

Những gì thực sự đang xảy ra

Xương, khớp và các mô mềm của bạn phối hợp với nhau để giúp bạn di chuyển. Khi có sự cố, nẹp và bột bó sẽ hỗ trợ. Hãy tưởng tượng nẹp giống như một cái ôm nâng đỡ cho cơ thể bạn. Nó giữ các bộ phận cố định để chúng có thể lành lại mà không chịu thêm áp lực.

Đối với cổ tay gãy, xương có thể dịch chuyển nhẹ khỏi vị trí bình thường. Một chiếc nẹp tháo rời giúp cố định cổ tay trong quá trình xương liền lại. Điều này cho phép bạn cử động các ngón tay và giảm nhu cầu đến bệnh viện thường xuyên. Ở người lớn tuổi, việc giữ cố định cổ tay trong bốn tuần thường là đủ để hầu hết các vết gãy lành lại. Đối với các vết gãy ổn định, những chiếc nẹp này là một lựa chọn tốt thay thế cho bột bó nặng.

Trong bàn tay, ngón tay cái cò xảy ra khi gân uốn cong ngón tay bị mắc kẹt. Nó giống như một sợi dây bị xơ và mắc vào ròng rọc. Một chiếc nẹp cho khớp giữa của ngón tay giúp giữ gân thẳng hàng. Kết hợp với các bài tập nhẹ nhàng, điều này có thể làm giảm triệu chứng và cải thiện chức năng trong ngắn hạn. Nó hiệu quả tương đương với tiêm steroid ở nhiều người.

Đối với chấn thương đầu gối, dây chằng chéo trước (ACL) là một dải mô chắc khỏe giúp ổn định đầu gối của bạn. Đôi khi nó bị rách. Giao thức Nẹp Cross (Cross Brace Protocol) cung cấp một cách điều trị chấn thương này mà không cần phẫu thuật. Nó nhằm mục đích giúp dây chằng lành lại một cách tự nhiên bằng cách hướng dẫn chuyển động của bạn. Điều này có thể dẫn đến kết quả lành thương thỏa đáng ở một số bệnh nhân.

Ở vai, bao khớp là lớp vỏ bao giữ đầu xương cánh tay trên ở vị trí cố định. Sau khi thay khớp vai toàn phần ngược, một số bệnh nhân không cần phải bó bột. Vận động mà không cố định mang lại kết quả về giảm đau và chức năng tương đương với việc đeo bột bó trong ba tuần.

Đối với các xương cổ tay nhỏ như xương thuyền, ngay cả những dịch chuyển nhỏ cũng quan trọng. Nếu vết gãy nhỏ (2 mm hoặc ít hơn), bột bó thường là bước đầu tiên. Nếu xương không lành, có thể cần phẫu thuật sớm. Ở trẻ em, gãy xương mắt cá chân thường nhẹ. Băng hỗ trợ, nẹp hoặc bột bó đi lại đều có vẻ hiệu quả tương đương với mức độ thoải mái giống nhau. Chúng tôi vẫn đang tìm hiểu phương pháp nào là tốt nhất cho từng trẻ.

Những điều cần biết

Quá trình hồi phục của bạn phụ thuộc vào loại chấn thương cụ thể và loại nẹp hoặc bột bó mà bạn đang sử dụng. Đối với nhiều trường hợp gãy cổ tay, nẹp có thể tháo rời là một lựa chọn thực tế thay thế cho bột bó truyền thống. Phương pháp này giúp tiết kiệm thời gian và giảm số lần bạn cần đến bệnh viện. Cách tiếp cận này cũng tiết kiệm chi phí hơn cho hệ thống y tế. Ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi có gãy cổ tay ổn định, bất động bằng bột trong bốn tuần thường là đủ để xương liền. Đối với các trường hợp gãy xương ổn định khác, nẹp chỉnh hình (nẹp tùy chỉnh) là một lựa chọn thay thế tốt cho bột bó.

Nếu bạn bị chấn thương đầu gối liên quan đến dây chằng chéo trước, Giao thức Nẹp Cross (Cross Brace Protocol) có thể là một lựa chọn. Phương pháp không phẫu thuật này có thể dẫn đến sự hồi phục thỏa đáng về cấu trúc và chức năng của đầu gối ở một số bệnh nhân. Đối với gãy cổ chân ở trẻ em, không có một phương pháp điều trị tốt nhất duy nhất giữa các loại băng hỗ trợ, nẹp có thể tháo rời và bột bó đi lại. Cả ba lựa chọn đều được dung nạp tốt và có nguy cơ biến chứng tương tự nhau. Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn sẽ giúp lựa chọn phương án phù hợp nhất cho trường hợp cụ thể của con bạn.

Các vấn đề ở bàn tay như ngón tay cò (trigger finger) thường cải thiện với việc sử dụng nẹp khớp liên đốt gần (một loại nẹp cho khớp giữa của ngón tay) kết hợp với các bài tập trị liệu. Nẹp bó giúp giảm triệu chứng và cải thiện chức năng tương đương với tiêm corticosteroid. Đây là một phương pháp điều trị bảo tồn ngắn hạn hiệu quả. Tuy nhiên, bằng chứng không chứng minh rằng nó vượt trội hơn các phương pháp không phẫu thuật khác do các so sánh trực tiếp còn hạn chế.

Đối với gãy thân xương thuyền (scaphoid waist) ở người lớn, điều trị ban đầu thường bao gồm bất động bằng bột nếu xương bị lệch không quá 2 mm. Nếu xương không liền với phương pháp này, cố định sớm được khuyến nghị. Thú vị là, một số trường hợp gãy xương thuyền có hơn 20% mô xương cầu nối (bridging) có thể liền mà không cần can thiệp trong vòng một đến năm năm. Trong các thủ thuật phẫu thuật vai, mức độ đau và chức năng khi không bất động tương đương với khi bất động trong ba tuần. Nhìn chung, các loại nẹp và bột bó được thiết kế để hỗ trợ quá trình liền xương trong khi vẫn cho phép bạn quản lý cuộc sống hàng ngày với sự bất tiện tối thiểu.

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 13 June 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • Sling immobilization is not inferior to brace immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [1].
  • The conclusion that sling immobilization is not inferior to brace immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization [1].
  • Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save patients time and inconvenience by reducing additional hospital visits [2].
  • Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save the healthcare system money [2].
  • The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries [3].
  • The Cross Brace Protocol may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups with ACL injuries [3].
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement in trigger finger management [4].
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis and therapeutic exercise cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments for trigger finger due to the absence of a control group [4].
  • Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for adult trigger finger [6].
  • Splinting offers symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections for adult trigger finger [6].
  • Supportive bandage, removable splint, and walking casts are all well tolerated with similar complication rates for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
  • There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment among supportive bandage, removable splint, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
  • Four weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in adequately reduced elderly patients [5].
  • Orthoses offer a good alternative to plaster casts for stable distal radius fracture types [8].
  • Pooling of studies on waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children was limited by heterogeneity and small study sizes [11].
  • Definitive RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy and investigate the cost-effectiveness of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
  • Adult patients with a scaphoid waist fracture displaced by ≤ 2 mm should be treated initially with immobilization in a cast [14].
  • Early fixation of nonunion is recommended for adult patients with a scaphoid waist fracture initially treated with cast immobilization [14].

How It Works

  • Sling immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not inferior to brace immobilization [1].
  • Removable splints for minimally displaced distal radial fractures save patients time and inconvenience by reducing hospital visits [2].
  • Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger [6].
  • Splinting offers symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections for trigger finger [6].
  • Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are all well tolerated with similar complication rates [7].
  • There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment among supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children [7].
  • Pain and functional outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty are comparable between no immobilization and a 3-week immobilization period [9].
  • Scaphoid waist fracture union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention between one and five years after randomization [10].
  • Maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization has a decisive impact on tissue healing, functional recovery, and patient outcomes in hand rehabilitation [12].
  • Relative motion orthoses and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses support interchangeable use for managing trigger finger based on symptom severity, pain, hand function, and wearability outcomes [13].
  • Mid-frequency electrical muscle stimulation (MFEMS) during immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair effectively prevents early post-operative deltoid muscle atrophy [16].
  • Mid-frequency electrical muscle stimulation (MFEMS) during immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair accelerates early recovery of shoulder muscle strength [16].
  • Four weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients [5].

What the Evidence Shows

Immobilization and Bracing Strategies

  • Sling immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is not inferior to brace immobilization, although this conclusion cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization [1].
  • Removable splints offer a safe treatment option for minimally displaced distal radial fractures, reducing hospital visits and healthcare costs compared to plaster casts [2].
  • A 4-week cast immobilization period is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients [5].
  • Orthoses provide a good alternative to plaster casts for stable distal radial fracture types [8].
  • Waterproof casts are an option for upper limb fractures in children, but definitive RCTs are required to confirm efficacy and investigate cost-effectiveness due to study heterogeneity and small sample sizes [11].
  • Three-week immobilization after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty yields pain and functional outcomes comparable to longer immobilization periods [9].
  • Maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization is a central challenge in hand rehabilitation that decisively impacts tissue healing, functional recovery, and patient outcomes [12].

Specific Orthotic Protocols and Devices

  • The Cross Brace Protocol provides a non-operative option for ACL injuries, potentially associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups [3].
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint orthosis combined with therapeutic exercise demonstrates feasibility and short-term clinical improvement for trigger finger, though superiority over other conservative treatments cannot be established due to the absence of a control group [4].
  • Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger, offering symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections [6].
  • Relative motion orthoses and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses are interchangeable for managing trigger finger based on symptom severity, pain, hand function, and wearability outcomes [13].
  • Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are all well-tolerated with similar complication rates, leaving equipoise regarding the best treatment [7].

Surgical Fixation and Internal Bracing

  • UCL repair with internal brace reports excellent midterm patient-reported outcomes statistically similar to UCL reconstruction, including similar proportions of athletes successfully returning to preinjury sport [19].
  • The embrace technique for syndesmotic injury yields equivalent outcomes compared with suture button fixation [20].
  • For adult scaphoid waist fractures displaced by ≤ 2 mm, initial treatment with cast immobilization followed by early fixation of nonunion is recommended [14].
  • Between one and five years after randomization, scaphoid union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention [10].

Adjunctive Therapies

  • Adding thoracic extension exercises or thoracic kinesio taping to shoulder exercises results in significant improvements in activity-related pain and self-reported disability for adults with subacromial pain syndrome, exceeding previously reported MCID values [21].

Practical Considerations

  • There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment for low-risk ankle fractures in children among supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts [7].
  • Supportive bandages, removable splints, and walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children are well tolerated with similar complication rates [7].
  • Pain and functional outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty are comparable between three-week immobilization and no immobilization [9].
  • Between one and five years after randomization, scaphoid waist fracture union consolidated in patients with > 20% bridging without intervention [10].
  • Definitive randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
  • Definitive randomized controlled trials are required to investigate the cost-effectiveness of waterproof casts for upper limb fractures in children [11].
  • Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include small sample sizes [15].
  • Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include a lack of standardized assessment methods [15].
  • Limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses include durability concerns [15].
  • Further research is required to address limitations in the current state of 3D-printed orthoses [15].
  • Initial cast immobilization with fixation for nonunion is the optimal treatment for adults with scaphoid waist fractures [17].
  • Small quality-adjusted life year gains for initial surgical fixation of scaphoid waist fractures were not sufficient to justify the higher costs compared to initial cast immobilization [17].
  • Use of a codesigned patient decision aid in practice for total knee arthroplasty decisions was feasible [18].

Key Evidence

  • [L5] They argue that the conclusion that sling immobilization is 'not inferior' to brace immobilization cannot be attributed solely to the type of immobilization. [1] (10.1002/arj.70326)
  • [L2] If patients can be treated safely using a removable splint, this will save them time and inconvenience in terms of additional visits to the hospital, and save the healthcare system money. [2] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0634.r1)
  • [L2] The Cross Brace Protocol provides an additional non-operative option for ACL injuries and may be associated with satisfactory anatomical and functional healing for certain patient groups. [3] (10.1177/2325967126s00013)
  • [L4] Because of the absence of a control group, these findings demonstrate feasibility and short-term clinical improvement but cannot establish superiority over other conservative treatments. [4] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101038)
  • [L5] The authors should be commended for a well-designed, well-executed randomized controlled trial that makes a compelling case that 4 weeks of cast immobilization is sufficient for most distal radial fractures in elderly patients. [5] (10.2106/jbjs.25.00333)
  • [L2] Splinting is an effective short-term conservative treatment for trigger finger, offering symptom relief and functional improvement comparable to corticosteroid injections. [6] (10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881)
  • [L2] There remains equipoise regarding the best treatment of these injuries, with all three treatments appearing well tolerated with similar complication rates. [7] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0354.r1)
  • [L1] Hence, orthoses offer a good alternative to plaster casts, especially for stable fracture types. [8] (10.1186/s12891-026-09585-4)
  • [L1] The pain and functional outcomes are comparable to those obtained with a 3-week immobilization period. [9] (10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.015)
  • [L1] Between one and five years after randomization, union consolidated in those with > 20% bridging without intervention. [10] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0125.r1)
  • [L1] However, pooling of studies was limited by heterogeneity and small study sizes, and definitive RCTs are required to confirm efficacy and investigate cost-effectiveness. [11] (10.1302/0301-620x.107b6.bjj-2025-0011)
  • [L5] The review highlights that maintaining an appropriate balance between mobilization and immobilization is a central challenge in hand rehabilitation and has a decisive impact on tissue healing, functional recovery and patient outcomes. [12] (10.1177/17531934251413908)
  • [L1] Symptom severity, pain, hand function, and orthosis wearability outcomes support interchangeable use of relative motion and metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses for managing trigger finger. [13] (10.1016/j.jht.2025.05.018)
  • [L1] The recommendation that adult patients with a fracture of the waist of the scaphoid which is displaced by ≤ 2 mm should be treated initially with immobilization in a cast, followed by early fixation of a nonunion, is further corroborated by these findings. [14] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1)
  • [L1] However, limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of standardized assessment methods, and durability concerns must be addressed through further research. [15] (10.1186/s12891-025-09070-4)
  • [L3] The application of the MFEMS during immobilization period after ARCR effectively prevented early post-operative deltoid muscle atrophy and accelerated early recovery of shoulder muscle strength. [16] (10.1002/ksa.70303)
  • [L1] Initial cast immobilization with fixation for nonunion is the optimal form of treatment for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture, as the small quality-adjusted life year gains for those who underwent surgery initially were not sufficient to justify the higher costs. [17] (10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0116.r1)
  • [L1] Use of the aid in practice was feasible. [18] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.104)
  • [L3] Athletes who underwent UCL repair with internal brace reported excellent midterm PROs statistically similar to those after UCL reconstruction, including proportion successfully returning to preinjury sport. [19] (10.1177/03635465251314054)
  • [L3] The embrace technique yielded equivalent outcomes compared with suture button fixation for managing syndesmotic injuries. [20] (10.1186/s13018-025-06620-3)
  • [L1] All interventions resulted in significant improvements across several outcomes, with improvements in activity-related pain and self-reported disability exceeding previously reported MCID values. [21] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.001)

References

[1] Regarding “Sling Is Not Inferior to Brace Immobilization After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/arj.70326

[2] Do patients with minimally displaced distal radial fractures need a plaster cast?. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0634.r1

[3] Short-term Outcomes of the Cross Brace Protocol for ACL Rupture Management: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/2325967126s00013

[4] Effectiveness of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Orthosis and Therapeutic Exercise in the Management of Trigger Finger: A Prospective Case Series. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2026.101038

[5] Adequately Reduced Distal Radial Fractures in Elderly Patients: How Long Should We Immobilize?. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.25.00333

[6] Efficacy of Splinting in Managing Adult Trigger Finger: A Systematic Review of Short-Term Outcomes. Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2025.100881

[7] Supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b1.bjj-2024-0354.r1

[8] Outcome analysis of conservative treatment of a distal radius fracture with OPTIVOhand orthosis versus plaster cast: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09585-4

[9] Three-week immobilization vs. no immobilization in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2025.02.015

[10] Radiological outcome of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0125.r1

[11] Waterproof casts for the management of upper limb fractures in children. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2025. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.107b6.bjj-2025-0011

[12] Achieving a balance between mobilization and immobilization after surgical or conservative treatment of the hand. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 2026. DOI: 10.1177/17531934251413908

[13] A randomized comparative trial: Relative motion vs metacarpophalangeal joint blocking orthoses for trigger finger management. Journal of Hand Therapy. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.05.018

[14] Clinical effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0122.r1

[15] The current state of 3D-printed orthoses clinical outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09070-4

[16] Mid‐frequency electrical muscle stimulation during immobilization may prevent early deltoid muscle atrophy and promote early strength recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/ksa.70303

[17] Cost-effectiveness of early surgical fixation versus cast immobilization for adults with a scaphoid waist fracture: five-year follow-up of the Scaphoid Waist Internal Fixation for Fractures Trial. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2026. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.108b1.bjj-2025-0116.r1

[18] A Codesigned Patient Decision Aid Supports the Decision Quality of Patients Considering Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.104

[19] Clinical Outcomes of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Internal Brace Versus Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Competitive Athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251314054

[20] Outcomes of suture button fixation versus embrace fixation for syndesmotic injury. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06620-3

[21] Effects of adding thoracic extension exercises or thoracic kinesio taping to shoulder exercises on pain and function in adults with subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.001

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