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Huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu (PRP) và các liệu pháp tiêm

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What the evidence shows for platelet-rich plasma and related injection therapies in tendinopathy, osteoarthritis and rotator cuff disease — where they help and where the data is weak.

Updated Aug 2026
Ống ly tâm chứa huyết tương máu đã tách.
PRP cô đặc tiểu cầu từ máu của chính bạn và được sử dụng cho một số tình trạng gân và khớp, với bằng chứng chưa thống nhất. Kieran Hirpara 4.0

Trang này được dịch bằng máy và chưa được bác sĩ kiểm tra. Bản tiếng Anh là bản chính thức.

Những gì bạn đang cảm thấy

Bạn có thể nhận thấy đau ở đầu gối, khuỷu tay hoặc vai. Sự khó chịu này thường bùng phát sau khi bạn vận động. Nó cũng có thể khiến bạn thức dậy vào ban đêm nếu bạn nằm nghiêng về bên bị ảnh hưởng. Các hoạt động đơn giản như với tay ra sau lưng để cài khuy áo ngực hoặc nhét áo vào quần có thể trở nên khó khăn.

Đối với viêm xương khớp do hao mòn ở đầu gối, bạn có thể cảm thấy cứng khớp hoặc đau âm ỉ hạn chế khả năng vận động. Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể khuyến cáo ít nhất hai lần tiêm huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu (PRP) để giúp ích. Đây là các mũi tiêm sử dụng chính huyết tương từ máu của bạn để giảm viêm. Sự giảm đau từ các mũi tiêm này thường kéo dài ít nhất 24 tuần.

Nếu bạn bị viêm gân cẳng tay ngoài (viêm lồi cầu ngoài khuỷu tay), cơn đau thường nằm ở mặt ngoài của khuỷu tay. Bạn có thể cảm thấy yếu khi cầm nắm các vật. Mức độ giảm triệu chứng mà bạn nhận được thường phụ thuộc vào nồng độ PRP được sử dụng. Liều lượng cao hơn có xu hướng mang lại sự giảm đau đáng kể hơn so với các phương pháp điều trị khác.

Đau vai do các vấn đề ở nhóm cơ xoay vai có thể khiến việc nâng cánh tay trở nên đau đớn. Nếu bạn đã từng phẫu thuật, bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể sử dụng một loại PRP cụ thể gọi là PRP nghèo bạch cầu. Loại này giúp giảm nguy cơ gân bị rách lại sau khi được sửa chữa.

Đối với đau gân Achilles hoặc hội chứng đau vùng trochanter lớn (đau hông), bằng chứng hiện tại không ủng hộ việc sử dụng PRP. Nó không hiệu quả hơn giả dược đối với các tình trạng này. Bạn nên tránh các phương pháp điều trị này cho đến khi các nghiên cứu chất lượng cao mới cung cấp câu trả lời tốt hơn.

Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn sẽ quyết định liệu PRP có phù hợp với bạn hay không dựa trên chấn thương cụ thể của bạn. Nó thường được xem xét cho các vận động viên bị viêm khớp lớn hoặc chấn thương cơ cấp tính. Tuy nhiên, kết quả có sự khác biệt. Một số người tìm thấy sự giảm đau đáng kể, trong khi những người khác có thể vẫn cảm thấy không hài lòng. Luôn thảo luận về những lợi ích và hạn chế tiềm năng với nhóm chăm sóc sức khỏe của bạn trước khi bắt đầu điều trị.

Những gì thực sự đang xảy ra

Cơ thể bạn sử dụng tiểu cầu để chữa lành các vết thương. Các tế bào này tập trung tại vị trí tổn thương và giải phóng các protein giúp sửa chữa mô. Liệu pháp huyết tương giàu tiểu cầu (PRP) lấy máu của chính bạn, ly tâm để cô đặc các tế bào chữa lành này, và tiêm chúng trở lại vào vùng bị tổn thương. Điều này cung cấp cho cơ thể bạn một tín hiệu mạnh mẽ hơn để sửa chữa tổn thương.

Trong viêm xương khớp gối, lớp phủ trơn tru ở đầu xương bị mòn đi. Đây là viêm xương khớp do hao mòn. Khớp bị mất đi khả năng hấp thụ sốc. Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể khuyến cáo ít nhất hai mũi tiêm PRP cho tình trạng này. Mục tiêu là giảm đau và cải thiện chức năng. Đối với nhiều bệnh nhân, những tác dụng này kéo dài ít nhất 24 tuần. Tuy nhiên, khoa học về vấn đề này vẫn đang phát triển. Một số nghiên cứu có các vấn đề về phương pháp luận, vì vậy chúng tôi diễn giải kết quả một cách thận trọng. Chúng tôi cần nhiều dữ liệu dài hạn hơn để chắc chắn về hiệu quả của phương pháp này đối với mọi người.

Đối với các vấn đề về gân như viêm lồi cầu ngoài xương cánh tay (khuỷu tay vận động viên quần vợt), các sợi gân dạng sợi dây bị tổn thương. Nghiên cứu cho thấy mối liên hệ trực tiếp giữa nồng độ PRP được sử dụng và mức độ giảm triệu chứng mà bạn nhận được. Liều lượng cao hơn thường mang lại kết quả tốt hơn so với liều lượng thấp hơn. Phương pháp điều trị này có thể hiệu quả hơn các chiến lược khác cho tình trạng cụ thể này. Nó cũng giúp bác bỏ quan điểm cho rằng PRP chỉ là giả dược đối với viêm gân mãn tính.

Trong các chấn thương vai, các gân của nhóm cơ quay hoạt động như những sợi dây giữ cánh tay của bạn tại chỗ. Sau phẫu thuật, các gân này có thể bị rách lại. Việc sử dụng PRP nghèo bạch cầu trong quá trình sửa chữa có thể làm giảm nguy cơ rách lại này. Bạch cầu là tế bào máu trắng. Việc loại bỏ một số lượng bạch cầu có thể tạo ra môi trường lành bệnh tốt hơn.

Đối với các tình trạng khác, bằng chứng còn hỗn hợp hoặc tiêu cực. PRP không được khuyến cáo cho viêm gân Achilles. Nó không hiệu quả hơn giả dược đối với vấn đề này. Việc sử dụng thường xuyên cho hội chứng đau vùng gai chậu lớn cũng không được hỗ trợ. Trong môi trường thể thao, PRP có thể giúp ích cho các chấn thương cơ cấp tính, nhưng các quy trình cần được chuẩn hóa. Đối với viêm xương khớp các khớp lớn ở vận động viên, nó nên được cung cấp một cách có hệ thống.

Cuối cùng, bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn sẽ quyết định liệu PRP có phù hợp với bạn hay không dựa trên chấn thương cụ thể của bạn và các bằng chứng mới nhất.

Những điều cần biết

Tiên lượng của bạn phụ thuộc rất nhiều vào tình trạng cụ thể mà bạn đang điều trị. Đối với viêm xương khớp do hao mòn ở khớp gối, bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể sẽ khuyến nghị ít nhất hai mũi tiêm PRP. Những phương pháp điều trị này có thể giúp kiểm soát các triệu chứng trong ít nhất 24 tuần. Điều này có nghĩa là bạn có thể trải qua giai đoạn giảm triệu chứng trong khoảng sáu tháng trước khi xem xét các biện pháp chăm sóc tiếp theo.

Nếu bạn là một vận động viên bị viêm khớp ở các khớp lớn, liệu pháp PRP có thể là một phần hữu ích trong kế hoạch quản lý bệnh của bạn. Nó có thể giúp bạn duy trì hoạt động trong các mùa thi đấu. Tuy nhiên, đối với các chấn thương cơ cấp tính, bằng chứng còn chưa rõ ràng. Mặc dù PRP có thể hỗ trợ trong một số bối cảnh thể thao, nhưng các quy trình điều trị vẫn chưa được chuẩn hóa. Bạn nên thảo luận xem đây có phải là lựa chọn phù hợp cho loại chấn thương cụ thể của bạn hay không.

Đối với các vấn đề phổ biến khác, kết quả điều trị khác nhau. Trong các trường hợp viêm bao hoạt dịch mạn tính (viêm bao gân), PRP đã được chứng minh là hiệu quả hơn giả dược. Tuy nhiên, đối với viêm lồi cầu ngoài xương cánh tay (khuỷu tay vận động viên quần vợt), các bằng chứng còn mâu thuẫn. Một số nghiên cứu cho thấy liều lượng cao hơn mang lại hiệu quả giảm triệu chứng tốt hơn, trong khi các nghiên cứu khác không ủng hộ việc sử dụng nó. Tương tự, việc sử dụng thường quy cho hội chứng đau mỏm đại chuyển vị (đau hông) không được hỗ trợ bởi các dữ liệu hiện tại.

Hãy thận trọng với kỳ vọng đối với bệnh gân Achilles. Bằng chứng hiện tại cho thấy PRP không hiệu quả hơn giả dược đối với tình trạng này. Nó thường không được khuyến nghị cho đến khi các nghiên cứu chất lượng cao mới cung cấp những kết quả khác. Nếu bạn đang trải qua phẫu thuật sửa chữa chóp xoay, bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn có thể sử dụng PRP nghèo bạch cầu để giúp giảm nguy cơ gân bị rách lại.

Nhìn chung, PRP không phải là một phương pháp chữa khỏi bệnh đảm bảo. Đây là một lựa chọn điều trị hoạt động tốt đối với một số người và tình trạng bệnh, nhưng không phải đối với tất cả. Bác sĩ phẫu thuật của bạn sẽ giúp bạn quyết định xem những lợi ích tiềm năng có vượt trội hơn chi phí và nỗ lực cho tình trạng cụ thể của bạn hay không.

Reviewed by Kieran Hirpara · 13 June 2026.

Want the clinical detail? Read the clinician version.

Talk to your treating clinician for advice specific to you.

For an appointment with the CQ Hand + Upper Limb team, ask your GP about a referral or visit www.cqupperlimb.com.

Evidence & references

This is the clinical evidence summary written for health professionals. It is technical, and it lists the research this page was built from. You do not need to read it to understand your treatment or to make a decision about it.

Overview

  • At least two PRP injections are recommended for treating knee osteoarthritis, with effects lasting for at least 24 weeks [1].
  • Conclusions regarding the clinical utility of PRP should be interpreted with caution due to major methodological concerns, including lack of PRP characterization and short-term follow-up [2].
  • Future studies should prioritize long-term outcomes to guide clinical decision-making more effectively [2].
  • Both leukocyte-rich (L-PRP) and leukocyte-poor (LP-PRP) platelet-rich plasma are effective treatment options with comparable efficacy based on current evidence [3].
  • Findings refute claims of PRP equivalence to placebo and support its efficacy over placebo in chronic tenosynovitis [4].
  • PRP therapy should be systematically offered for competition sports practitioners [5].
  • The authors argue that they fulfilled the reporting requirements for the injected PRP product as defined by MIBO [6].
  • Findings do not support PRP as a recommended treatment for lateral epicondylitis [7].
  • PRP is no more effective than placebo for treating Achilles tendinopathy and should not be used for this indication until new, large, high-quality RCTs upend current knowledge [8].
  • Rigorous basic, translational, and clinical research remains fundamental to realize the promise of PRP treatment for musculoskeletal disease [9].
  • Current evidence supports the selective use of PRP in sports settings, though standardization in protocols and outcomes is needed [11].
  • Routine use of PRP for the treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome is not supported [13].
  • Studies evaluating the outcomes and procedures of the use of PRP in the setting of lateral epicondylitis have poor adherence to MIBO guidelines [14].

How It Works

  • The clinical utility of PRP should be interpreted with caution due to major methodological concerns in some studies, including lack of PRP characterization and short-term follow-up [2].
  • Both leukocyte-rich PRP (L-PRP) and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) are effective treatment options with comparable efficacy based on current evidence [3].
  • PRP therapy is recommended for competition sports practitioners [5].
  • Authors argue that they fulfilled the reporting requirements for the injected PRP product as defined by MIBO [6].
  • A direct, linear relationship was observed between the concentration factor of PRP used and the magnitude of patient-reported symptom relief after PRP injection, with high-dose PRP showing significant efficacy over alternative treatment strategies [10].
  • Corticosteroids resulted in greater short-term improvement, while PRP demonstrated superior longer-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months for lateral elbow tendinopathy [12].
  • The application of PRP following small-diameter core decompression results in significant pain relief, improved short-term functional outcomes, and enhanced quality of life compared to core decompression alone in early osteonecrosis of the femoral head [15].
  • The goal of characterization studies is to discern key molecular mediators between leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) derived from the same patient with equivalent platelet concentrations [16].
  • Optimizing osteoarthritis treatment involves tailoring PRP protocols to disease stage, with low platelet, high leukocyte PRP recommended for early OA due to its anti-inflammatory effects and high platelet, low leukocyte PRP preferred for advanced OA to promote tissue repair and regeneration [17].

What the Evidence Shows

Efficacy by Condition

  • At least two PRP injections are recommended for knee osteoarthritis, with effects lasting for at least 24 weeks [1].
  • Intra-articular PRP injection is an effective treatment for improving overall function in patients with primary osteoarthritis, particularly in younger individuals [23].
  • PRP injections are a safe and effective conservative treatment method for reducing pain symptoms and increasing functionality in patients with lateral epicondylitis [22].
  • Current evidence supports the selective use of PRP in sports settings for acute muscle injuries, though standardization in protocols and outcomes is needed [11].
  • PRP can effectively improve pain and functional impairment in patients with tendinopathy, and its midterm efficacy is superior to that of corticosteroids [20].
  • Corticosteroids resulted in greater short-term improvement than PRP, while PRP demonstrated superior longer-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months for lateral elbow tendinopathy [12].
  • Current evidence is of insufficient quality to determine if anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) augmented with PRP provides a clinically meaningful improvement in postoperative outcomes over ACLR without PRP [26].

Product Composition and Preparation

  • Both leukocyte-rich (L-PRP) and leukocyte-poor (LP-PRP) are effective treatment options with comparable efficacy for knee osteoarthritis based on current evidence [3].
  • Leukocytes did not affect the safety and efficacy of intra-articular PRP injections for the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis in a double-blind randomized controlled trial [19].
  • A direct, linear relationship was observed between the concentration factor of PRP used and the magnitude of patient-reported symptom relief after PRP injection for lateral epicondylitis, with high-dose PRP showing significant efficacy over alternative treatment strategies [10].
  • The findings refute claims of PRP equivalence to placebo and support its efficacy over placebo for chronic tenosynovitis [4].

Combination Therapies

  • For patients with knee osteoarthritis, PRP combined with hyaluronic acid (PRP + HA) therapy is safe and yields better outcomes in pain relief and functional improvement compared to PRP monotherapy [21].
  • The combination of PRP with non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid in mono-injection was found to be non-inferior to crosslinked hyaluronic acid regarding the percentage of responders over 6 months for knee osteoarthritis [25].

Reporting Quality and Methodological Concerns

  • The authors' conclusions regarding the clinical utility of PRP should be interpreted with caution due to major methodological concerns, including lack of PRP characterization and short-term follow-up; future studies should prioritize long-term outcomes to guide clinical decision-making more effectively [2].
  • Spin bias is highly prevalent in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intra-articular PRP to treat knee osteoarthritis, with identified spin tending to favor the use of PRP [24].
  • Studies evaluating the outcomes and procedures of the use of PRP in the setting of lateral epicondylitis have poor adherence to Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopedics (MIBO) guidelines [14].

Specific Recommendations

  • The authors recommend systematically offering PRP therapy for competition sports practitioners [5].

Practical Considerations

  • Both leukocyte-rich (L-PRP) and leukocyte-poor (LP-PRP) are effective treatment options with comparable efficacy based on current evidence [3].
  • A direct, linear relationship was observed between the concentration factor of PRP used and the magnitude of patient-reported symptom relief after PRP injection [10].
  • High-dose PRP shows significant efficacy over alternative treatment strategies [10].
  • Corticosteroids resulted in greater short-term improvement compared to PRP for lateral elbow tendinopathy [12].
  • PRP demonstrated superior longer-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months compared to corticosteroids for lateral elbow tendinopathy [12].
  • Leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma reduces retear risk after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair [18].
  • The economic value of LP-PRP is conditional rather than uniform and depends on revision probability and preparation cost [18].

Key Evidence

  • [L3] At least two PRP injections are recommended, with effects lasting for at least 24 weeks. [1] (10.1186/s13018-025-05756-6)
  • [L5] The authors' conclusions regarding the clinical utility of PRP should be interpreted with caution due to major methodological concerns, including lack of PRP characterization and short-term follow-up; future studies should prioritize long-term outcomes to guide clinical decision-making more effectively. [2] (10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.007)
  • [L1] Both L-PRP and LP-PRP are effective treatment options with comparable efficacy based on current evidence. [3] (10.1186/s13018-026-06689-4)
  • [L1] These findings refute claims of PRP equivalence to placebo and support its efficacy over placebo. [4] (10.1186/s12891-025-09339-8)
  • [L4] The authors recommend systematically offering PRP therapy for competition sports practitioners. [5] (10.1186/s12891-025-08663-3)
  • [Paper] The authors argue that they fulfilled the reporting requirements for the injected PRP product as defined by MIBO. [6] (10.1177/03635465231203202)
  • [L1] These findings do not support PRP as a recommended treatment for this condition. [7] (10.1177/03635465251383039)
  • [L1] PRP is no more effective than placebo for treating Achilles tendinopathy and should not be used for this indication until new, large, high-quality RCTs upend current knowledge. [8] (10.1097/corr.0000000000003478)
  • [Paper] Rigorous basic, translational, and clinical research remains fundamental to realize the promise of PRP treatment for musculoskeletal disease. [9] (10.1177/03635465251395284)
  • [L1] A direct, linear relationship was observed between the concentration factor of PRP used and the magnitude of patient-reported symptom relief after PRP injection, with high-dose PRP showing significant efficacy over alternative treatment strategies. [10] (10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100442)
  • [L2] Current evidence supports the selective use of PRP in sports settings, though standardization in protocols and outcomes is needed. [11] (10.1177/23259671251399907)
  • [L1] Corticosteroids resulted in greater short-term improvement, while PRP demonstrated superior longer-term outcomes at 6 and 12 months. [12] (10.1177/23259671251386862)
  • [L1] As a result, we do not support the routine use of PRP for the treatment of this condition. [13] (10.2106/jbjs.24.00763)
  • [L2] This review demonstrated that studies evaluating the outcomes and procedures of the use of PRP in the setting of LE have poor adherence to MIBO guidelines. [14] (10.5397/cise.2024.01060)
  • [L3] The application of PRP following CD results in significant pain relief, improved short-term functional outcomes, and enhanced quality of life compared to CD alone. [15] (10.1186/s12891-024-08243-x)
  • [L5] The goal of the study was to discern key molecular mediators between leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) derived from the same patient with equivalent platelet concentrations. [16] (10.1177/03635465231206930)
  • [L1] Optimizing OA treatment involves tailoring PRP protocols to disease stage, with low platelet, high leukocyte PRP recommended for early OA due to its anti-inflammatory effects and high platelet, low leukocyte PRP preferred for advanced OA to promote tissue repair and regeneration. [17] (10.1186/s13018-025-06026-1)
  • [L1] The economic value of LP-PRP is conditional rather than uniform and depends on revision probability and preparation cost. [18] (10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.018)
  • [L1] This double-blind randomized controlled trial demonstrated that leukocytes did not affect the safety and efficacy of intra-articular PRP injections for the treatment of patients with knee OA. [19] (10.1177/03635465241283500)
  • [L1] PRP can effectively improve pain and functional impairment in patients with tendinopathy, and its midterm efficacy is superior to that of corticosteroids. [20] (10.1186/s12891-025-08566-3)
  • [L1] This meta-analysis reveals that, for patients with KOA, PRP + HA therapy is safe and yields better outcomes in pain relief and functional improvement compared to PRP monotherapy. [21] (10.1186/s13018-024-05429-w)
  • [L4] PRP injections are a safe and effective conservative treatment method for reducing pain symptoms and increasing functionality in patients with lateral epicondylitis. [22] (10.1177/2325967125s00169)
  • [L1] Intra-articular PRP injection is an effective treatment for improving overall function in patients with primary OA, particularly in younger individuals. [23] (10.1186/s12891-026-09486-6)
  • [L1] Spin bias is highly prevalent in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intra-articular PRP to treat knee osteoarthritis, with identified spin tending to favor the use of PRP. [24] (10.1002/arj.70027)
  • [L1] The combination of PRP with non-crosslinked HA in mono-injection was found to be non-inferior to crosslinked HA, with regards to the percentage of responders over 6 months (WOMAC pain). [25] (10.1186/s12891-026-09625-z)
  • [L1] Current evidence is of insufficient quality to determine if ACLR augmented with PRP application provides a clinically meaningful improvement in postoperative outcomes over ACLR without PRP. [26] (10.1186/s13018-026-06714-6)

References

[1] Efficacy of multiple autologous apheresis platelet-rich plasma injections for treating knee osteoarthritis and its influencing factors: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-05756-6

[2] Letter Regarding “Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections are Inferior to Corticosteroid Injections for Short-Term Pain Relief: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial”. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.05.007

[3] Leukocyte-rich versus leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-026-06689-4

[4] Time-dependent growth factor kinetics, platelet concentration, and clinical response following platelet-rich plasma versus saline in chronic tenosynovitis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-09339-8

[5] Platelet-rich plasma treatment for large joint osteoarthritis: retrospective study highlighting a possible treatment protocol with long-lasting stimulation of the joint with an adequate dose of platelets. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08663-3

[6] Improving Injectable Orthobiologics Reporting Guidelines Adherence: Response. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/03635465231203202

[7] Platelet-Rich Plasma Does Not Improve Pain or Function in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis as Compared With Placebo: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251383039

[8] Editor’s Spotlight/Take 5: Is Platelet-rich Plasma Effective in Treating Achilles Tendinopathy? A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000003478

[9] Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disease in 2025 and Beyond. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/03635465251395284

[10] Platelet Concentration Factor Explains Variability in Outcomes of Platelet-rich Plasma for Lateral Epicondylitis: High Dose Critical for Positive Response. Journal of ISAKOS. 2025. DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2025.100442

[11] Platelet-Rich Plasma in Acute Muscle Injuries: An Umbrella Review and Meta-analysis of Return to Sport and Reinjury Outcomes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/23259671251399907

[12] A Randomized Controlled Trial of 1-Year Clinical Outcomes of a Single Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Versus Corticosteroid for the Treatment of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1177/23259671251386862

[13] Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2025. DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.00763

[14] Adherence rates to the Minimum Information for Studies Evaluating Biologics in Orthopedics guidelines for clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review. Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow. 2026. DOI: 10.5397/cise.2024.01060

[15] Efficacy of small-diameter core decompression with platelet-rich plasma in early osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-08243-x

[16] The Accurate Characterization of Platelet-Rich Plasma Enables Its Classification and Comparison: Response. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1177/03635465231206930

[17] The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma preparation protocols in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-06026-1

[18] Leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma reduces retear risk after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis with mechanistic and economic evaluation. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2026.02.018

[19] Leukocytes Do Not Influence the Safety and Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/03635465241283500

[20] Platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroid injection for tendinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-025-08566-3

[21] RETRACTED ARTICLE: A meta-analysis and systematic review of the clinical efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma combined with hyaluronic acid (PRP + HA) versus PRP monotherapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-05429-w

[22] Poster 58: Decreased Pain After Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Lateral Epicondylitis Patients in the Early Follow-up Period. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1177/2325967125s00169

[23] Investigating the therapeutic impact of platelet-rich plasma on knee, hip, and traumatic osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09486-6

[24] Statistically Significant Results Favored in Abstracts of Platelet Rich Plasma Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Spin Analysis. Arthroscopy. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/arj.70027

[25] Efficacy and safety of a combination of platelet-rich plasma with non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid versus a crosslinked hyaluronic acid, in single-injection for knee osteoarthritis. Randomized, controlled, multicenter, non-inferiority trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-026-09625-z

[26] The impact of platelet-rich plasma augmentation on postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-026-06714-6

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